scholarly journals Epidemiological, Clinical and Laboratory study of Canine Dermatophytosis in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-196
Author(s):  
Tareq Rifaaht Minnat
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Infection

The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify of  the pathogenic fungi of canine dermatophytosis in Baghdad governorate Iraq, also study the epidemiology and describe the clinical signs of dermatophytosis, from January  2018 till December 2018. Out of 653 dogs 165 (25.3%) were with dermatomycoses and 103 (62.42%) dogs with dermatophytosis. The mycological diagnosis were conducted by direct microscopy and by culture the specimens on each sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol and cyclohxemide and dermatophytes test media.  The identified dermatophytes were represented Microsporum sp.(80.6%) appeared Microsporum canis (87.9%); M. audounii (8.4% );M. gypseum (3. 6 %) and Trichophyton spp (19.4%) in which divided between Trichophyton ruburum  (60.0 %) and T. terrestre (40.0%). Microsporum canis and Trichophyton ruburum were the most common species isolated (87.9%),(60.0 %) respectively. The overall prevalence of dermatomycosis and dermatophytosis from various parts region of Baghdad city were Al Karkh district (32.0%), (64.6%) and Al Rusafa district (22.4%), (60.4%) respectively. Moreover, a higher percentage of infection in young age 55 of 84 (65.47%) and lower infection in old age 8 of 18 (44.44%) with significant difference at P< 0.05. The effect of breeds on the prevalence of canine mycosis show high percentage of infection in German shepherd dog (47.96%) and lower infection in Bulldog breed (10.63%) as well as, high prevalence of dermatophytosis recorded in Rottweiler (100%), Pomeranian (83.3%) and lower prevalence (40.0 %) in each of Boxer and local dog breed. The relation of hair coat showed significantly high percentage of infection in long hair dogs (69.0%) than short hair coat (48.0%). There were no significant difference between the sex and habitat but, recorded a high (%) in shelters habitat (67.19%) and low (%) in plantation habitat (56.25%). The prevalence of infection was showed no signficantly high percentage of infection in cold climate winter (67.74%) in which low temperature and high humidity while low percentage of infection in dry climate autumn (44.4%). In addition the effect of season on the prevalence of dermatophytosis recognized by a higher (%) of infection in cold weather, winter (67.74%) and lower infection in dry weather, autumn (50.0%). Other dermatomycosis isolated were Chrysosporium Nannizziopsis dermatitidis (9.1%); Malassezia pacydermatis (7.9 %) and saprobe fungi from domestic dogs represented by  Alternaria alternate (21.4%); Aspergillus spp  (60.7%); Aspergillus flavus  (25.9%); Aspergillus fumigatus  (28.2%); Aspergillus niger  (23.5 %);  Aspergillus nidulans  (22.4 %); Penicillium sp. (4.3%); Curvularia sp  (3.6%) and  Rhizopus sp  (2.1%).

scholarly journals Copro-ELISA Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in Cattle in Van, Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Aysegul Bostanci ◽  
Bekir Oğuz
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fasciola Spp

Background: Fasciolosis is an important food borne zoonotic disease caused by Fasciola trematode parasites. There are two types of  Fasciola spp. namely F. hepatica and F. gigantica, widely distributed across the globe, affecting both human and animal hosts. In endemic regions, it is possible to base the diagnosis of fasciolosis on clinical signs and the season, however, it could be more useful to support these data with fecal examination and various hematologic and serological tests. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle in Van province by copro-ELISA technique.Materials, Methods & Results: Fecal samples from 140 cattle were technically collected and examined by sedimentationzinc sulphate flotation technique. Modified McMaster sedimentation technique was applied to the egg positive samples to determine the EPG values. Fasciola hepatica coproantigens in samples were investigated by ELISA. The coprological and antigen ELISA prevalence of fasciolosis were determined as 5.07% and 30.7%, respectively, which shows the significant difference between these methods in examining the rate of infection. The highest prevalence of fasciolosis infection was observed in 1-2 age groups (41.9%), and this prevalence was followed by 3-5 (31.2%) and ≤6 age group (5%). The differences between age groups were found significant (P < 0.05). The prevalence in female and male cattle was found as 30.1% and 35.3% This difference was not found statistically significant (P > 0.05). The highest prevalence was observed in Brown Swiss with the ratio of 40% and this was followed by 31% in Crossbreed and 22.6% in Rubia Gallega. The differences among breeds were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).Discussion: Fasciola hepatica is the most common species of liver flukes, and its pathogenicity leads to significant impact on the economy of the livestock industry. The economic losses consist of costs of anthelmintics, drenches, labor, liver condemnation at meat inspection; and losses in production due to mortality, reduction in meat, milk and reduction in growth rate, fertility and decreased feed intake, conversion and lower resistance to other disease.To diagnose fasciolosis, eggs can only be detected in feces after the tenth or twelfth week of infection once the parasites have matured. It is reported that routine microscopic methods used before this stage do not provide sufficient information about the current infection status. Therefore, serological tests have been introduced for the early diagnosis of the disease. Among these tests, the ELISA test based on detecting antigens has become the most commonly used test. It is known that the probability of ELISA to cross-react with parasites that carry similar immunogenic features and the similarities between antibodies generated in previous infections and new infections pose a challenge to making the definitive diagnosis. Therefore, it is reported that to predict the parasitic potential of the host and the success of treatment beforehand, the presence of Fasciola spp. antigens can be investigated in serum instead of antibodies. In conclusion, this study has established prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle raised in Van province using the copro-ELISA technique for the first time. It has been concluded that copro-ELISA could serve as a useful technique for herd diagnosis of fasciolosis in cattle in addition to fecal examinations particularly with respect to fasciolosis.

Comparison of the Effects of Fenugreek Vaginal Cream and Ultra Low- Dose Estrogen on Atrophic Vaginitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 815-822
Author(s):  
Maryam Safary ◽  
Sevil Hakimi ◽  
Noushin Mobaraki-Asl ◽  
Paria Amiri ◽  
Habib Tvassoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Conjugated Estrogens ◽  
Atrophic Vaginitis ◽  
Vaginal Cream ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Atrophic vaginitis is a common problem in postmenopausal women and results from decreased levels of blood estrogen. It is associated with symptoms of itching, burning, dyspareunia, and postmenopausal bleeding. The present study evaluated the effects of fenugreek extract on atrophic vaginitis. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 postmenopausal women in Ardabil, Iran, in 2018. The participants were selected using block randomization with the allocation ratio 1:1. Those in the intervention group received 0.5g (the applicator filled to the half-full mark) fenugreek vaginal cream 5% twice a week for 12 weeks. The control group received conjugated estrogens vaginal cream at the dose of 0.625 mg (the applicator filled to the half-full mark) containing 0.3 mg of conjugated estrogens. Atrophic vaginitis was evaluated before and after the treatment through clinical examination, clinical signs, and measurement of Vaginal Maturation Index (VMI). Findings: After the 12-week intervention and modification of the baseline score, the mean (standard error) score for atrophic vaginitis signs was 3.100 (1.43-4.75). This difference was statistically significant in intragroup comparison and in favor of the control group in intergroup comparison (p=0.001). VMI was less than 49% in 86.7% and 46.7% of the participants in the intervention and control groups, respectively. This was a significant difference in favor of the control group (p=0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that total fenugreek extract could be effective in treating signs of atrophic vaginitis, but it was not as effective as ultra-low-dose estrogen.

Dwarfism in Tibetan Terrier dogs with an LHX3 mutation

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110075
Author(s):  
Tuddow Thaiwong ◽  
Sarah Corner ◽  
Stacey La Forge ◽  
Matti Kiupel
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Deletion Mutation ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Trait ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Pituitary Dwarfism ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Manner

Canine pituitary dwarfism in German Shepherd and related dog breeds has been reported to be associated with a 7-bp deletion mutation in intron 5 of the LHX3 gene. This mutation is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait that results in dwarf dogs with significantly smaller stature and abnormal haircoat, and potentially early death. Phenotypically, affected adult dogs are proportionally dwarfs. These dwarfs also have a soft, woolly puppy coat that fails to transition into the typical adult hair coat, and marked hair loss occurs in some dogs. We report a similar manifestation of dwarfism in Tibetan Terriers with the same LHX3 mutation. Dwarf Tibetan Terrier puppies were born physically normal but failed to gain weight or to grow at the same rate as their normal littermates. The 7-bp deletion mutation of the LHX3 gene was identified in both alleles of 3 Tibetan Terrier dwarfs from 3 litters, which were biologically related. All parents of these dogs are carriers, confirming transmission of dwarfism in an autosomal recessive manner. Recognition and detection of this mutation will help in guiding future breeding plans to eventually eliminate this trait from Tibetan Terriers.

scholarly journals Transitional Cell Carcinomas of the Urinary Tract in a Colony of Beagle Dogs

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Nikula ◽  
S. A. Benjamin ◽  
G. M. Angleton ◽  
A. C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microscopic Features

Gross and light microscopic features of transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of the urinary tract were examined in Beagle dogs used for the study of the long-term effects of low-dose, whole-body, 60Co gamma radiation. Thirty-eight cases of TCC occurred among 990 dogs that were from 0 to 14 years of age. There was no conclusive evidence of a radiation effect. The 38 TCC were equally divided between male and female dogs, but there was a significant difference in the sex distribution of urethra-origin TCC. Eleven males had a primary urethral TCC compared to only two females. There was no significant difference between the urethra-origin and bladder-origin TCCs in the number of tumors that caused clinical signs, metastasized, or that contributed to the death of the dog. All cases of urethral TCC in male dogs occurred in the prostatic urethra. The majority of these cases were not recognized to be neoplasms at gross necropsy, but microscopic examination revealed the TCC. Our findings differ from previous reports stating that TCC occurs more frequently in female than male dogs, and they especially differ from reports claiming that urethra-origin TCC is predominately a disease of female dogs.

Diffuse annular fusiform adenocarcinoma in a dog

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Prater ◽  
B Flatland ◽  
SJ Newman ◽  
DP Sponenberg ◽  
J Chao
Keyword(s):  
Large Bowel ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Colonic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
German Shepherd Dog ◽  
Neoplastic Lesion

Canine colonic intestinal adenocarcinoma typically presents as rectal polypoid or annular stenotic masses causing clinical signs consistent with large bowel disease. This report discusses an unusual case of intestinal adenocarcinoma in an 11-year-old, neutered male German shepherd dog presented for evaluation of anorexia, profuse watery diarrhea, and weight loss. In this dog, colonic adenocarcinoma diffusely infiltrated the entire large bowel and caused an annular fusiform lesion, as confirmed by endoscopic biopsies and postmortem examination. Other unique features included a paucity of desmoplasia associated with the neoplastic lesion and widespread metastasis to regional lymph nodes, lung, and prostate.

Mycotic infections in animals in India: An update

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Harish Chander Gugnani
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Geophilic Dermatophyte ◽  
Trichophyton Simii ◽  
Zoophilic Dermatophytes ◽  
Mycotic Infections ◽  
Demographic Features

This review traces the early records of mycotic infections in India, and presents an update of animal mycoses reported from several parts of India. The types of mycoses covered are the dermatophytosis (ringworm) in domestic animals due to well-known species of zoophilic dermatophytes, viz. Trichophyton simii, T. mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum, Microsporum canis and M. nanum, and the geophilic dermatophyte, M. gypseum, Aspergillus spp, Cryptococcus species and other yeast like fungi, histoplasma and blastomyces. The brief clinical and demographic features of infections in different animals are described. A particularly noteworthy finding in literature search is the report of clinical infections in one dog and two cows by an anthropophilic dermatophyte, T. rubrum from Belgachia, Kolkata, West Bengal in 1954. Veterinary scientists are urged to investigate the possible occurrence of infections in animals due to other pathogenic fungi including the dimorphic ones like Histoplasma and Blastomyces.

Could a low-cost audio-visual link be useful in rheumatology?

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
L E Graham ◽  
S Mcgimpsey ◽  
S Wright ◽  
G Mcclean ◽  
J Carser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Junior Doctor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Provisional Diagnosis ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Joint

We have investigated prospectively the diagnostic accuracy, specialist satisfaction and patient–specialist rapport of a low-cost audio-visual link between a junior doctor with a patient and a consultant rheumatologist. Using a telephone link and subsequently a video-phone link, 20 patients, with various rheumatological problems, were presented by a junior doctor to the consultant rheumatologist for provisional diagnosis. All patients were then seen face to face by the consultant, when a final diagnosis was made. An independent consultant rheumatologist made a ‘gold standard’ diagnosis. Thirty-five per cent of diagnoses were made correctly over the telephone and 40% over the video-phone – there was no significant difference in the diagnostic accuracy between these two methods of communication. Rapport over the video-phone was universally poor. Where it was important, clinical signs could not be visualized over the video-phone and in more than 85% of cases small joint swellings could not be seen clearly.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and non-opportunistic character of Blastocystis spp.: a hospital-based survey in Central Cameroon

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Jupsa-Mbiandou ◽  
Samuel Fosso ◽  
Edimo Billé ◽  
Tito T Mélachio-Tanekou ◽  
Gideon Ajeagah-Aghaindum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blastocystis Spp ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Hiv Negative

Introduction: Blastocystis spp. is a protist found in humans. Although usually the most frequent protozoa found in stool samples of both symptomatic and healthy subjects, its pathogenic or rather opportunistic role is yet to be clearly elucidated. To attempt to fill this gap, a cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the frequency of Blastocystis spp. in HIV positive (HIV+) versus HIV negative (HIV-) individuals in four health facilities of the Center Region of Cameroon. Methodology: Stool samples were collected from 283 HIV positive and 245 HIV negative subjects and analyzed using direct diagnostic tests. Results: A total of 46 (8.7%) individuals were found infected with Blastocystis spp., including 6.7% HIV positive and 11.0% HIV negative. This species was more frequent in urban and semi-urban areas than in rural areas, but evenly distributed among genders and age groups as well as among all sectors of activity. The prevalence of Blastocystis spp. (11.3%) was higher in HIV+ patients with a CD4 count ≥ 500 cells / mm3, but no significant difference was found among HIV clinical stages. Likewise prevalence, the mean number of cysts per gram of stool was similar between HIV positive and HIV negative individuals. People infected with Blastocystis spp. showed diverse clinical signs, but only flatulence was significantly more prevalent. The frequencies of these clinical signs were not related to HIV status. Conclusion: No clear relationship links the infection with Blastocystis spp. to HIV, although its presence was associated with digestive disorder, suggesting that this parasite might not be opportunist.

scholarly journals Pediatric triage variations among nurses, pediatric and emergency residents using the Canadian triage and acuity scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Alshaibi ◽  
Tala AlBassri ◽  
Suliman AlQeuflie ◽  
Winnie Philip ◽  
Nesrin Alharthy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
P Value ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pediatric Residents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Triage Level

Abstract Background Emergency care continues to be a challenge, since patients’ arrival is unscheduled and could occur at the same time which may fill the Emergency Department with non-urgent patients. Triaging is an integral part of every busy ED. The Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) is considered an accurate tool to be used outside Canada. This study aims to identify the chosen triage level and compare the variation between registered nurses, pediatric and adult emergency residents by using CTAS cases. Method This study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City,Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire was used, and which contains 15 case scenarios with different triage levels. All cases were adopted from a Canadian triage course after receiving permission. Each case provides the patient’s symptoms, clinical signs and mode of arrival to the ED. The participants were instructed to assign a triage level using the following scale. A non-random sampling technique was used for this study. The rates of agreement between residents were calculated using kappa statistics (weighted-kappa) (95%CI). Result A total of 151 participants completed the study questionnaire which include 15 case scenarios. 73 were nurses and 78 were residents. The results showed 51.3, 56.6, and 59.9% mis-triaged the cases among the nurses, emergency residents, and pediatric residents respectively. Triage scores were compared using the Kruskal Wallis test and were statistically significant with a p value of 0.006. The mean ranks for nurses, emergency residents and pediatric residents were 86.41, 73.6 and 59.96, respectively. The Kruskal Wallis Post-Hoc test was performed to see which groups were statistically significant, and it was found that there was a significant difference between nurses and pediatrics residents (P value = 0.005). Moreover, there were no significant differences found between nurses and ER residents (P value> 0.05). Conclusion The triaging system was found to be a very important tool to prioritize patients based on their complaints. The results showed that nurses had the greatest experience in implementing patients on the right triage level. On the other hand, ER and pediatric residents need to develop more knowledge about CTAS and become exposed more to the triaging system during their training.

scholarly journals Gene EBNA3C: Type of Infection by EBV (EBV1 and EBV2) Correlation With Clinical and Biochemical Parameters (AST, ALT and GGT) in Individuals With Infectious Mononucleosis in the Metropolitan Area of Belém, Pará, 2005-2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talita Antonia Furtado Monteiro ◽  
Iran Barros Costa ◽  
Igor Brasil Costa ◽  
Thais Letícia dos Santos Corrêa ◽  
Beatriz Monteiro Rodrigues Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Clinical Biochemistry ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biochemical Testing

Abstract Background: Two types of EBV (EBV1 and 2) have been shown to infect humans. This study aimed to detect the types of EBV that cause infectious mononucleosis and correlate these viral types with biochemical parameters (AST, ALT and GGT) in the metropolitan region of Belém from 2005 to 2016. Methods: A total of 76 cases of infectious mononucleosis were processed at the Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil. PCR was used to analyze the EBNA3C region for the recognition of EBV types. Biochemical testing (AST, ALT and GGT) was performed by the COBAS INTEGRA clinical biochemistry PLUS 400 / ROCHE automatic analyzer. The data were evaluated using the Statistical Package for Social Science - SPSS 17.0 and GraphPadPrism 7.0 for Windows (GraphPad software, San Diego, CA, USA). Results: EBV1 infection was observed in 71.1% (54/76) of individuals, among whom those > 14 years constituted 66.7% (36/54); the average age was 23 years, and the number of women infected was higher (61.1% [33/54]) than that of men 38.9%[21/54]). The symptoms/clinical signs observed in infection by EBV1 were cervical lymphadenopathy in 64.8% (35/54), fever in 63% (34/54), headache and arthralgia in 20.3% (11/54), and exanthema in 18.5% (10/54). Infection by EBV2 was observed in only 17.1% (13/76) of cases. Coinfection by EBV1 and EBV2, most frequently showing symptoms of fever and cervical lymphadenopathy, occurred in 66.7% (6/9) and 55.6% (5/9) of individuals. Conclusion: EBV1 was predominant in 71% of clinical cases of infectious mononucleosis. The correlation of biochemical parameters in infection by EBV1, EBV2, and coinfection by EBV1/2 revealed a statistically significant difference in mean changes of EBV1 in individuals older than 14 years.

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