Mycotic infections in animals in India: An update

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Harish Chander Gugnani
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Geophilic Dermatophyte ◽  
Trichophyton Simii ◽  
Zoophilic Dermatophytes ◽  
Mycotic Infections ◽  
Demographic Features

This review traces the early records of mycotic infections in India, and presents an update of animal mycoses reported from several parts of India. The types of mycoses covered are the dermatophytosis (ringworm) in domestic animals due to well-known species of zoophilic dermatophytes, viz. Trichophyton simii, T. mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum, Microsporum canis and M. nanum, and the geophilic dermatophyte, M. gypseum, Aspergillus spp, Cryptococcus species and other yeast like fungi, histoplasma and blastomyces. The brief clinical and demographic features of infections in different animals are described. A particularly noteworthy finding in literature search is the report of clinical infections in one dog and two cows by an anthropophilic dermatophyte, T. rubrum from Belgachia, Kolkata, West Bengal in 1954. Veterinary scientists are urged to investigate the possible occurrence of infections in animals due to other pathogenic fungi including the dimorphic ones like Histoplasma and Blastomyces.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of the antifungal activity of Marco (Ambrosia arborescens Mill.) and Matico (Aristeguietia glutinosa Lam.) on the pathogenic fungi that cause dermatomycosis (ringworm)

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
Tatiana de los Ángeles Mosquera Tayupanta ◽  
Sandra Elizabeth Ayala Valarezo ◽  
Tatiana Alexandra Vasquez Villareal ◽  
María Belén Montaluisa Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

Background: Currently, there is a trend towards using natural and ethnopharmacological species with therapeutic potential. This investigation evaluated the antifungal activity of two species in the Ecuadorian Andes, which are used in treating dermatomycosis: Ambrosia arborescens Mill. (Marco) and Aristeguietia glutinosa Lam. (Matico). Methods: We worked with seven concentrations (100 to 700ppm) of Ambrosia arborescens Mill. extract and ten concentrations (0.5 to 5%) of essential oil (EO) of Aristeguietia glutinosa Lam. on Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533, Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 28188, Microsporum canis ATCC 36299 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The methodology used was a modified version of the Kirby-Bauer method, using diffusion in agar wells. Results: The Tukey test, after the one-way Anova, determined effective concentrations of EO: 5% for Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 4.5% for Trichophyton rubrum, 5% for Microsporum canis and 2% for Candida albicans. In the extracts, the concentration of 700ppm was used for Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and 600ppm for Microsporum canis and Candida albicans. Conclusions: The evaluation of the antifungal activity of the Ambrosia arborescens extract showed inhibition in the studied dermatophytes in each one of the planted concentrations (100 to 700ppm). The evaluation of the antifungal activity of Aristeguietia glutinosa EO showed inhibition in the studied dermatophytes in each of the planted concentrations (0.5 to 5%).

scholarly journals Epidemiological, Clinical and Laboratory study of Canine Dermatophytosis in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-196
Author(s):  
Tareq Rifaaht Minnat
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Infection

The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify of  the pathogenic fungi of canine dermatophytosis in Baghdad governorate Iraq, also study the epidemiology and describe the clinical signs of dermatophytosis, from January  2018 till December 2018. Out of 653 dogs 165 (25.3%) were with dermatomycoses and 103 (62.42%) dogs with dermatophytosis. The mycological diagnosis were conducted by direct microscopy and by culture the specimens on each sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol and cyclohxemide and dermatophytes test media.  The identified dermatophytes were represented Microsporum sp.(80.6%) appeared Microsporum canis (87.9%); M. audounii (8.4% );M. gypseum (3. 6 %) and Trichophyton spp (19.4%) in which divided between Trichophyton ruburum  (60.0 %) and T. terrestre (40.0%). Microsporum canis and Trichophyton ruburum were the most common species isolated (87.9%),(60.0 %) respectively. The overall prevalence of dermatomycosis and dermatophytosis from various parts region of Baghdad city were Al Karkh district (32.0%), (64.6%) and Al Rusafa district (22.4%), (60.4%) respectively. Moreover, a higher percentage of infection in young age 55 of 84 (65.47%) and lower infection in old age 8 of 18 (44.44%) with significant difference at P< 0.05. The effect of breeds on the prevalence of canine mycosis show high percentage of infection in German shepherd dog (47.96%) and lower infection in Bulldog breed (10.63%) as well as, high prevalence of dermatophytosis recorded in Rottweiler (100%), Pomeranian (83.3%) and lower prevalence (40.0 %) in each of Boxer and local dog breed. The relation of hair coat showed significantly high percentage of infection in long hair dogs (69.0%) than short hair coat (48.0%). There were no significant difference between the sex and habitat but, recorded a high (%) in shelters habitat (67.19%) and low (%) in plantation habitat (56.25%). The prevalence of infection was showed no signficantly high percentage of infection in cold climate winter (67.74%) in which low temperature and high humidity while low percentage of infection in dry climate autumn (44.4%). In addition the effect of season on the prevalence of dermatophytosis recognized by a higher (%) of infection in cold weather, winter (67.74%) and lower infection in dry weather, autumn (50.0%). Other dermatomycosis isolated were Chrysosporium Nannizziopsis dermatitidis (9.1%); Malassezia pacydermatis (7.9 %) and saprobe fungi from domestic dogs represented by  Alternaria alternate (21.4%); Aspergillus spp  (60.7%); Aspergillus flavus  (25.9%); Aspergillus fumigatus  (28.2%); Aspergillus niger  (23.5 %);  Aspergillus nidulans  (22.4 %); Penicillium sp. (4.3%); Curvularia sp  (3.6%) and  Rhizopus sp  (2.1%).

scholarly journals Dermatomycosis: A potential source of zoonotic infection in cities

2009 ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Stojanov ◽  
Jasna Prodanov ◽  
Ivan Pusic ◽  
Radomir Ratajac
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Total Body ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mycological Examination ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Mycotic Infections

Skin infections in animals and humans represent a complex syndrome that is, from etiological point of view, often hard to solve. Skin is one of the largest organs and plays an important role in the organism of mammals. Depending on the age, it presents 5-8% of total body mass in humans, 12% of adult animals, and even up to 24% in newly born animals. The population of pets and stray dogs in cities provides a possibility for contacts between animals and/or humans, which is a mode of transmission for some diseases. Fungal diseases in dogs caused by dermatophyte are zoonosis, contagious infections that affect dogs and cats, but also other animals, as well as humans. There has been an overall increase in the number of the cases caused by anthropophilic fungi from the strain of Microsporum spp. and Trichophyton spp. Our research was related to animals with different changes on skin manifested by hairless surfaces, dandruff, red skin and extensive pruritus. The objective of our examination was the analyses of scarified samples and swob from canine skin with the aim to determine whether the changes were caused by dermatophytosis. Our aim was to point out the possibility of transmission of mycotic infections from animals to humans in households. For this mycological examination swobs and skin scarifications from dogs, were used. The samples were streaked on Sabo and dextrose agar and incubated at 25?C for at least 21 days. In one year period 81 samples were collected out of which 11 (13.58%) were positive for dermatophyte. In all samples Microsporum canis was isolated. The findings of Microsporum canis in 13.58% of the examined samples indicate the importance of mycological skin disorder in pets. Having in mind that this is a zoonosis, the findings point to a possibility of exposing the humans to fungal infection, affecting almost all pet owners, especially in urban environment.

scholarly journals Diversity of fungi obtained from bats captured in urban forest fragments in Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ludwig ◽  
J. Y. Muraoka ◽  
C. Bonacorsi ◽  
F. C. Donofrio
Keyword(s):  
Urban Forest ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Abstract Bats are important for the homeostasis of ecosystems and serve as hosts of various microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, and fungi with pathogenic potential. This study aimed to isolate fungi from biological samples obtained from bats captured in the city of Sinop (state of Mato Grosso, Brazil), where large areas of deforestation exist due to urbanization and agriculture. On the basis of the flow of people and domestic animals, 48 bats were captured in eleven urban forest fragments. The samples were processed and submitted to microbiological cultures, to isolate and to identify the fungal genera. Thirty-four (70.83%) of the captured bats were positive for fungi; 18 (37.5%) and 16 (33.33%) of these bats were female and male, respectively. Penicillium sp., Scopulariopsis sp., Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Alternaria sp., Cryptococcus sp., Trichosporon sp., and Candida sp., which may cause opportunistic infections, were isolated. The bat species with the highest number of fungal isolates was Molossus molossus: 21 isolates (43.8%). According to our results, bats captured in urban forest fragments in Sinop harbor pathogenic fungi, increasing the risk of opportunistic fungal infections in humans and domestic animals.

Zoonotic infections with dermatophyte fungi

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mignon ◽  
M. Monod
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Clinical Appearance ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Arthroderma Benhamiae

Dermatophytes are highly specialized pathogenic fungi which are the most common agents of superficial mycoses. These fungi grow exclusively in the stratum corneum, nails or hair utilising them as sole nitrogen and carbon sources. Dermatophyte species are recognized and classified as antropophilic, zoophilic, or geophilic, depending on their major reservoir in nature (humans, animals, and soil, respectively). Zoophilic dermatophytes may result in zoonoses when humans are exposed to these organisms and dermatophytosis is considered to be one of the most common zoonotic diseases. The majority of zoonotic dermatophytoses are caused by four species: Microsporum canis (usually derived from pet animals, particularly cats and dogs), Trichophyton verrucosum (usually derived from cattle), Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii (usually derived from cats and dogs) and Arthroderma benhamiae (usually derived from guinea-pigs). Infection results most often from direct contact with an infected animal, but may be also acquired indirectly through contact with a contaminated environment. While clinical disease is rarely serious, the lesions can result in disfigurement and pain. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical appearance and diagnostic procedures, e.g. direct microscopic examination of scales, hair or nail and fungal culture. Specific treatment is generally required to resolve lesions, and this may be prolonged depending on the fungal species and the host status. Identifying animals as the source of infection for people can help in the prevention of recurrence or new infections, especially in children, by adequately treating affected pets and their environments. Immunoprophylaxis is an attractive means of controlling infection in animals, and the development and widespread use of efficacious T. verrucosum vaccines in certain countries has already proved valuable in the management of cattle ringworm.

scholarly journals Steroid-Functionalized Imidazolium Salts with an Extended Spectrum of Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12180
Author(s):  
Marta Malinowska ◽  
Diana Sawicka ◽  
Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Laskowska ◽  
Przemysław Wielgat ◽  
Halina Car ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Lithocholic Acid ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Imidazolium Salts ◽  
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

It is established that high rates of morbidity and mortality caused by fungal infections are related to the current limited number of antifungal drugs and the toxicity of these agents. Imidazolium salts as azole derivatives can be successfully used in the treatment of fungal infections in humans. Steroid-functionalized imidazolium salts were synthesized using a new, more efficient method. As a result, 20 salts were obtained with high yields, 12 of which were synthesized and characterized for the first time. They were derivatives of lithocholic acid and 3-oxo-23,24-dinorchol-4-ene-22-al and were fully characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Due to the excellent activity against bacteria and Candida albicans, new research was extended to include tests on five species of pathogenic fungi and molds: Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888, Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 204305, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533, Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 14116, and Microsporum canis ATCC 11621. The results showed that the new salts are almost universal antifungal agents and have a broad spectrum of activity against other human pathogens. To initially assess the safety of the synthesized salts, hemocompatibility with host cells and cytotoxicity were also examined. No toxicity was observed at the concentration at which the compounds were active against pathogens.

scholarly journals Determination of the activity of fungicides against pathogens of dermatomycoses in domestic animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (99) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
I. M. Kushnir ◽  
V. I. Kushnir ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
I. S. Semen ◽  
S. D. Murska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Malassezia Spp

The aim of the study was to identify and identify the causative agents of dermatomycosis in dogs and cats and to determine their sensitivity to solutions of ketonazole and chlorhexidine digluconate, which are part of the drug Skinhard. This is a spray for external use, manufactured by PJSC “Halychpharm”. For laboratory diagnosis of dermatomycoses, samples from the affected parts of the skin and fur of domestic animals were used. To isolate a pure culture of fungi were sown on selective media: wort agar, agar Saburo, Chapek. The optimal cultivation regime for pathogenic fungi was 20–25 °С. Isolated fungal cultures were identified by the appearance and shape of colonies, their consistency, color, ability to grow at 37 °C, microscopic structure, in particular - the nature of mycelial branching and the presence of septa, location of conidiophores, spores and other signs. A microbiological examination of the affected areas of the skin of dogs and cats was performed to detect microscopic fungi. The following fungi were isolated from dogs affected by mycoses: Candida spp., Aspergillus niger, Epidermophyton spp., Microsporum spp., Mucor spp., Trichophyton spp., Mallasseria spp., Sporotrich spp, Candida albicans, and from cats: Microspor Candida spp., Spototrich spp., Rhizorus spp., Fusarium spp. Trichophyton spp. Isolated microscopic fungi of the genus Malassezia spp. belong to superficial mycoses (keratomycoses) and affect the superficial layers of skin and hair. Epidermatophytes: Trichophyton spp., Epidermophyton spp., Microsporum spp. affect the epidermis, skin and coat. In addition, opportunistic fungi of the genus Aspergillus spp, Mucor spp., Rhizorus spp. and Fusarium spp. Chlorhexidine digluconate was found to be highly active against dermatophytes (Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp.), Less active against fungi of the genus Candida and less active against Aspergillus spp, Mucor spp., Rhizorus spp, Fusarium spp. Ketonazole is highly active against dermatophytes (Trichophyton spp., Epidermophyton spp., Microsporum spp.), Yeast (Malassezia spp., Candida spp.,) And opportunistic fungi (Aspergillus spp., Mucor spp., Rhizorus spp.).

scholarly journals The activity of the leaf essential oil of Philippine Piper betel against dermatophytes and Candida albicans

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Microsporum Gypseum ◽  
Trichophyton Tonsurans ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Mycotic Infections ◽  
Antidermatophytic Activity

Superficial mycotic infections are treatable conditions and they rank as the third most common illness globally, next to headaches and tooth decays. Piper betel L. is an aromatic plant with heart-shaped leaves that play a role in traditional medicine. This study harnessed the antidermatophytic potential of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of Piper betel, PBLO, Philippine variety. Using serial twofold dilutions of PBLO, including selected PBLO constituents, to challenge Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and clinical isolates of filamentous dermatophytes, results indicate that the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, MIC, of the essential oil extract was 625 ug/ml for C. albicans and MICs of <156 ug/ml for Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton tonsurans. Data on known PBLO constituents suggest that eugenol plays a major role in PBLO’s antidermatophytic activity, followed by chavicol. Chavicol and eugenol exhibited the same MIC, 625 ug/ml, against C. albicans ATCC 10231. A eugenol MIC of <156 ug/ml was observed against M. canis, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, and T. tonsurans; and 312.5 ug/ml against M. gypseum. Chavicol MICs of 312.5 ug/ml and 625 ug/ml were observed against Trichophyton spp. and Microsporum spp., respectively. Results of the study suggest the potential of P. betel essential oil as an alternative to conventional antifungals for the treatment of dermatophytosis. With the presence of many active constituents in PBLO essential oil, antifungal resistance is unlikely to happen, as multiple mutations will be required to overcome the mechanism/s of action of each of these constituents.

Multiplication of an ancestral gene encoding secreted fungalysin preceded species differentiation in the dermatophytes Trichophyton and Microsporum

Microbiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Jousson ◽  
Barbara Léchenne ◽  
Olympia Bontems ◽  
Sabrina Capoccia ◽  
Bernard Mignon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soy Proteins ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Sole Nitrogen Source ◽  
Ancestral Gene ◽  
Dermatophyte Species

Dermatophytes are human and animal pathogenic fungi which cause cutaneous infections and grow exclusively in the stratum corneum, nails and hair. In a culture medium containing soy proteins as sole nitrogen source a substantial proteolytic activity was secreted by Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis. This proteolytic activity was 55–75 % inhibited by o-phenanthroline, attesting that metalloproteases were secreted by all three species. Using a consensus probe constructed on previously characterized genes encoding metalloproteases (MEP) of the M36 fungalysin family in Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus oryzae and M. canis, a five-member MEP family was isolated from genomic libraries of T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes and M. canis. A phylogenetic analysis of genomic and protein sequences revealed a robust tree consisting of five main clades, each of them including a MEP sequence type from each dermatophyte species. Each MEP type was remarkably conserved across species (72–97 % amino acid sequence identity). The tree topology clearly indicated that the multiplication of MEP genes in dermatophytes occurred prior to species divergence. In culture medium containing soy proteins as a sole nitrogen source secreted Meps accounted for 19–36 % of total secreted protein extracts; characterization of protein bands by proteolysis and mass spectrometry revealed that the three dermatophyte species secreted two Meps (Mep3 and Mep4) encoded by orthologous genes.

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