The Employment Problem in Less Developed Countries.—By David Turnham, assisted by Ingelies Jaeger. Development Centre of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris. 1971.

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-346
Author(s):  
Karamat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Employment Problem ◽  
Development Centre ◽  
The Right ◽  
Insight Into

The goal of full employment is one of the most desired objectives of economic planning. The nature of the employment problem in developed countries is different from that in the less developed ones. For a realistic solu¬tion to these problems, it is essential to examine the employment problem in the right perspective and to study its various dimensions in detail. This volume provides an analytical insight into the various aspects of the employment problem in less-developed countries. The nature of the unemployment pro¬blem in under-developed countries, its causes and solutions are discussed with empirical evidence from different countries.

scholarly journals Publication analysis in Bay for Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation Nations

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Manthan Janodia ◽  
Aparna I. Narayan ◽  
Santhosh Krishnan Venkata ◽  
Bharti Chogtu
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Citation Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Research Publication ◽  
Publication Number ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Research output provides an insight into the development of the scientific capability of a country. Budget allocation for research and development (R&D) is directly proportional to the research output of a country. While developed countries spend a significant percentage of their GDP on R&D, developing countries do not have enough resources to invest in R&D. Countries in the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) Nations has received significantly less attention from outside the region in studying R&D and research publication scenario of the region. The research output of BIMSTEC countries was analyzed using various metrics in this paper. Methods: Data on citation per paper, Field Weight Citation Impact (FWCI), paper per researcher, collaborative publications, and output in top 10 percent journals was extracted from one of the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature, Scopus and its affiliate SciVal, for a period of 6 years between 2012-2017. Percentage of R&D spend, researchers per million population, and total scientific output were extracted from World Bank data. Results: India and Thailand have a higher quantum of publications compared to other countries. Subjects like clinical, technology, Computer Science have a larger publication number as compared to other subject areas like Social Science, Arts, Education, Law, and Physiology. The researcher population and research spend of a nation have an evident implication on the publication though no direct relation can be derived. Conclusion: Huge disparities in terms of percentage of research spent, research output, papers per researcher, and output with national and international authorship differ for countries. Higher research spent and publication count are not positively correlated with better FWCI.

The structure of Third World economic interdependence

1985 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Gasiorowski
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Third World ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Economic Interdependence ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Main Question ◽  
World Economic

Empirical studies of interdependence have mainly focused on whether interdependence has been increasing or declining on a world scale. In this research note I examine the nature of economic interdependence in the less developed countries (LDCs). The main question that I address is whether LDCs are more economically dependent, in the sense of being more deeply involved in economic interdependence relationships, than developed countries (DCs). Richard Cooper and Edward Morse have argued that economic interdependence is associated with increased industrialization and modernization—implying that LDCs are less involved than DCs in interdependence relationships. Empirical evidence presented here suggests that LDCs are, in fact, more dependent than DCs.

scholarly journals Stan umów Unii Europejskiej z otoczeniem międzynarodowym (przykład WNP, państw Afryki i Azji)

2013 ◽  
pp. 77-107
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Żukrowska
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Preferential Access

The paper analyzes solutions used in the process of institutionalization of relations between UE, CIS member states and the states of Asia and Africa. It also analyzes influence of institutionalization of economic cooperation, particularly export and import, on the position of states involved. Different solutions, such as GSTP for least developed countries, are used. Attention is drawn to the asymmetry in trade relations with the less developed countries, which are given preferential access to EU markets. Those solutions are additionally strengthened by financial instruments. It seems that the results of these actions are positive: GNP increase of African states is higher than the GNP increase of EU-27, especially after 2009. The importance of European Commission and EBC is underlined as an important factor that stimulates growth in those countries. Similar cooperation but on different level is also observed in regard to other continents. The cooperation between Asia, Africa and CIS countries is not limited to transfer of funds. It also includes internationalization of contacts and liberalization of trade, services and capital flow as well as cooperation in research and support of economic transformation. The solutions applied are different for each country, however they are based on the same principles.

Benefits of internal manufacturing network integration

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 757-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levente Szász ◽  
Maike Scherrer ◽  
Patricia Deflorin
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Context Dependency ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Internal Integration ◽  
Manufacturing Network ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer deeper insight into the relationship between a subsidiary’s internal integration in its manufacturing network and subsidiary-level operational performance by taking into account the country context of the respective subsidiary. Design/methodology/approach – Subsidiary-level information is gathered using the sixth round of the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey, thus including 507 subsidiaries from 22 countries. Country context is operationalised using the Global Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic Forum. Findings – The findings reveal that internal integration has a positive influence on operational performance improvement. Country context acts as a moderator on this relationship: subsidiaries in less developed countries are only able to improve their effectiveness (quality, flexibility, delivery), while developed country subsidiaries gain both effectiveness and efficiency (cost, time) benefits from internal integration. Research limitations/implications – The unit of analysis is the knowledge-receiving subsidiary without taking the characteristics of the sending unit or that of the whole network of subsidiaries into account. Based on the context-dependency of the integration-performance relationship found in this paper, a future research agenda is proposed including further factors (absorptive capacity, knowledge complementarity, organisational practices) that could influence this relationship. Practical implications – Subsidiary managers in less developed countries should strive to acquire intra-network knowledge related to effectiveness, while managers in developed countries can expect both efficiency and effectiveness benefits. Originality/value – A large-scale survey encompassing subsidiaries from both emerging and developed countries is used to offer deeper insight into the relationship between internal integration and performance. The paper provides a possible explanation for previous mixed findings on this relationship. The differentiation between efficiency and effectiveness performance shows that country context represents an important factor that moderates the integration-performance relationship.

Risk Factors and Predictability of Famine in Ethiopia: a Commentary

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-220
Author(s):  
R. Elango ◽  
S. Bhaskaran
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
First Category ◽  
Causes Of Poverty

In recent decades, development economists have devoted much of their analysis to understanding a number of microeconomic issues, facing the less developed countries. Those issues range from straightforward poverty analysis to a more sophisticated exercise of optimal economic planning. By and large the body of research which has been done can be grouped into two broad categories: (1) exercises devoted to spelling out the various nuances and shades of poverty, which explain either the dimensions or the causes of poverty and related phenomena, and (2) those attempts aimed at developing solutions to the issues of poverty from the perspective of planners. Obviously, famine studies in general, belong to the first category. There has been substantial literature devoted to explaining “What is meant by famine?” Of course, one's position in this regard determines one's policy perspectives as well. The article under review purports to analyze “Risk Factors and Predictability of Famine in Ethiopia.” The discussion by the author of “what famines are and the theories of famine causality,” provides perspective only for the issue under focus, that is the risk factors and predictability.

Regional Cycles of Learning: Foreign Multinationals as Agents of Technological Upgrading in Less Developed Countries

10.1068/a3545 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2155-2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Fromhold-Eisebith
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Technological Learning ◽  
Know How ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Technology Firms ◽  
Foreign Affiliates

Within the debate about positive effects of foreign multinational branch plants on host regions in less developed countries questions of technological learning and upgrading rank at the top. This paper describes forces and mechanisms which, under favourable conditions, promote dissemination of know-how through the dynamics of regional cycles of learning. Enriching earlier insights into the local embedding of subsidiaries and processes of cumulative causation, it emphasises why and how agglom-erating branches of globally operating technology companies engage in upgrading their less developed locality: effects are triggered by a combination of increasing regional labour-cost pressure and corresponding reactions of firms which relate to their branch activities and affect the institutional framework. Two models of regional cycles of learning are introduced which depict crucial distinctions between spatial clusters of technology firms with and without foreign affiliates. Empirical evidence is provided by comparing two technology regions in developing Asia: Bangalore, India, and Bandung, Indonesia. Both are well endowed with universities, research institutions, and firms in technology sectors, but differ with regard to the presence of foreign firms, and accordingly, display divergent qualitative developments.

Application of Statutes of Limitations to Islamic Banking: The Case of Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Aishath Muneeza ◽  
Zakariya Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Limitation Of Action ◽  
Insight Into

Limitations of action designate extent of time after an event, as set by statutes of limitations, within which legal action can be initiated by a party to a transaction. No event is actionable outside the designated time as same is rendered statute-barred. This study aims to provide an insight into application and significance of Limitations Act 1950 and Limitation Ordinance 1952 to Islamic banking matters in Malaysia as well as Shariah viewpoint on the issue of limitation of action. In conducting the study, a qualitative research methodology is employed where reported Islamic banking cases from 1983 to 2018 in Malaysia were reviewed and analysed to ascertain the application of those statutes of limitations to Islamic banking. Likewise, relevant provisions of the statutes as invoked in the cases were examined to determine possible legislative conflicts between the provisions and the rule of Islamic law in governing the right and limitation of action in Islamic banking cases under the law. The reviewed cases show the extent to which statutes of limitations were invoked in Malaysian courts in determining validity of Islamic banking matters. The limitation provisions so referred to are largely sections 6(1)(a) and 21(1) Limitations Act 1953 and section 19 Limitation Ordinance 1953, which do not conflict with Shariah viewpoint on the matter. This study will prove invaluable to financial institutions and their customers alike in promoting knowledge and creating awareness over actionable event in the course of their transactions.

'Restrictive Business Practices', report by the UNCTAD Secretariat, April 1972.

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-316
Author(s):  
G. M. Radhu
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
International Firms ◽  
The World ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Financial Power ◽  
Administrative Structures

The report by the UNCTAD Secretariat, submitted to the third session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development held in Santiago (Chile) in April 1972, deals with the restrictive business practices of the multinational corporations with special reference to the export interests of the developing countries. Since the world war, there has been a tremendous growth in the size and activities of many international firms. They have grown from the national corporation to the multidivisional corporation and now to the multinational corporation. With each step they acquired greater financial power, better technology and know-how and more complex administrative structures. They have subsidiaries and branches all over the world. In the course of the sixties they became one of the dominant factors in determining the pattern of world trade. At the same time, their increasingly restrictive business practices, which tended to adversely affect world trade and the export interest of less developed countries, attracted the attention of the governments both in developed and less developed countries and serious concern was shown at the international level. It is against this background that the UNCTAD undertook the study on the question of restrictive business practices.

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