scholarly journals An Assessment of Pakistan’s Urban Policies, 1947–1997

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (4II) ◽  
pp. 443-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Qadeer
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Urban Crisis ◽  
Urban Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
The Cost

What public policies and programmes have been followed in dealing with mounting urban crisis in Pakistan over the past 50 years? This question has been addressed in the present article. Pakistan’s urban policies fall in three distinct phases, corresponding to evolving political and economic regimes. Yet, they show a fundamental continuity in that they have been driven by ‘plots and public works’ strategy. Pakistan has not been lacking in ‘up-to-date’ policies and programmes. Its urban policies have resulted in notable achievements and pervasive failures. The paper assesses both the achievements and shortfalls and identifies private interests that have benefited at the cost of public welfare.

The Long Road to Recovery: Postcrisis Coordination of Private Charity and Public Relief in Victorian Lancashire

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lynne Kiesling
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Charity ◽  
Crowd Out ◽  
Income Assistance ◽  
Relief Efforts

When an unprecedented and unanticipated downturn strikes a community, resources from disparate sources combine to aid those harmed by the distress. Today as in the past, public and private sources coordinate relief efforts, and the persistence of distress beyond that which had been anticipated and provided for by insurance brings in resources from outside the community. However, it is possible to crowd out a resource when the efforts of one source decrease the efforts of another. Modern research documents public welfare crowding out private charity (see, for example, Abrams and Schmitz 1978), and this also occurred in the past. Exploring this kind of concern, the present article highlights aspects of income assistance that played a role during the Lancashire cotton famine (1861-65).

Measuring the cost of environmental compliance for Waikato dairy farmers - a survey approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
T.O.R. Macdonald ◽  
J.S. Rowarth ◽  
F.G. Scrimgeour
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Environmental Compliance ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Farm Systems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Farm System ◽  
Survey Approach

The link between dairy farm systems and cost of environmental compliance is not always clear. A survey of Waikato dairy farmers was conducted to establish the real (non-modelled) cost of compliance with environmental regulation in the region. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered to improve understanding of compliance costs and implementation issues for a range of Waikato farm systems. The average oneoff capital cost of compliance determined through a survey approach was $1.02 per kg milksolids, $1490 per hectare and $403 per cow. Costs experienced by Waikato farmers have exceeded average economic farm surplus for the region in the past 5 years. As regulation increases there are efficiencies to be gained through implementing farm infrastructure and farm management practice to best match farm system intensity. Keywords: Dairy, compliance, farm systems, nitrogen, Waikato

Attraction of prey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Horner ◽  
Bartosz J. Płachno ◽  
Ulrike Bauer ◽  
Bruno Di Giusto
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Carnivorous Plants ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Prey Attraction

The ability to attract prey has long been considered a universal trait of carnivorous plants. We review studies from the past 25 years that have investigated the mechanisms by which carnivorous plants attract prey to their traps. Potential attractants include nectar, visual, olfactory, and acoustic cues. Each of these has been well documented to be effective in various species, but prey attraction is not ubiquitous among carnivorous plants. Directions for future research, especially in native habitats in the field, include: the qualitative and quantitative analysis of visual cues, volatiles, and nectar; temporal changes in attractants; synergistic action of combinations of attractants; the cost of attractants; and responses to putative attractants in electroantennograms and insect behavioral tests.

scholarly journals Framing policy designs through contradictory emotions: The case of Czech single mothers

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna P Durnová ◽  
Eva M Hejzlarová
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Policy Goal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Way

In public policy scholarship on policy design, emotions are still treated as opposed to goals, and their presence is assumed to signal that things have gone wrong. We argue, however, that understanding how and for whom emotions matter is vital to the dynamics of policy designs because emotions are central to the capacity building of policy intermediaries and, with that, to the success of public policies. We examine the case of Czech single mothers in their role as intermediaries in ‘alimony policy’. Our interpretive survey provided single mothers an opportunity to express the way they experience the policy emotionally. The analysis reveals that the policy goal of the child’s well-being is produced at the cost of the mother’s emotional tensions and that policy designs defuse these emotional tensions, implicitly. These contradictory emotions expressed by mothers show us a gateway to problematising policy designs in a novel way, which reconsiders construing policy design as a technical, solution-oriented enterprise to one in which emotional tensions intervene in policy design and are essential for succeeding.

The past is prologue

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cassels Johnson ◽  
Crissa Stephens ◽  
Stephanie Gugliemo Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
New Latino Diaspora ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The U.S

Abstract This article examines reactions to the changing linguistic ecology in the U.S. state of Iowa, which is experiencing a demographic phenomenon often referred to as the New Latino Diaspora (NLD) (Hamann et al., 2002). We first examine the historical processes and social structures that link current language policy initiatives within Iowa to local and national nativism. We then analyze public policies and texts to reveal how language ideologies circulate across diverse texts and contexts, forming discourses that shape the experiences of Latin@s in Iowa.

Are Apprenticeships Still Relevant in the 21st Century? A Case Study of Changing Youth Training Arrangements in German Banks

ILR Review ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Finegold ◽  
Karin Wagner
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
New Firms ◽  
Workplace Flexibility ◽  
Transferable Skills ◽  
The Past ◽  
Detailed Case ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Youth Training

The authors present a detailed case study of the evolution of apprenticeships in German banking over the past two decades to analyze why employers continue to be willing to invest in these programs that provide workers with transferable skills. They explain employers' motivation in terms of two “logics.” Some considerations stemming from the logic of consequences, such as recruitment cost savings and enhanced workplace flexibility, encourage retention of the apprenticeship system. On balance, however, the cost calculus that is at the heart of the logic of consequences would, if unopposed, encourage head-hunting for apprentices trained by other firms, eventually undermining the system. The countervailing logic of appropriateness, however, discourages defections from the system by fostering trust among employers, encouraging new firms to participate in the system, supporting the strong reputational effect associated with training, and creating mechanisms with which banks can have a hand in keeping the system efficient.

Acute Medicine Trainee Update

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-149
Author(s):  
Amy Daniel ◽  
◽  
Alice Miller ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Acute Medicine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Training Programme Director ◽  
The Cost

We have been aware for a while that there are disparities in specialist skill provision both between and within deaneries – and the SAC is working hard to identify problems in this area. More recently, the issue of funding for specialist skills has been raised. It seems that some deaneries are happy and able to contribute towards the cost of training in a particular skill, while others are not; in at least one deanery, part-funding has now been withdrawn, leaving trainees to cover the entire cost of their chosen skills training. As specialist skill training is now a mandatory part of the Acute Medicine curriculum, we need to find a way to eliminate disparity both between different deaneries and between different skills. However, there is no easy solution, and for the time being, trainees will have to factor in the potential financial implications of a particular skill when they are considering their options. On a brighter note, the list of recognised specialist skills has increased over the past year. Palliative Care has been authorised as a suitable skill, and Medical Ethics and Law will soon also be added to the list. If you would like to propose a skill that is not currently listed in the Acute Medicine curriculum, you should discuss it with your training programme director, who can bring the proposal to the Acute Medicine Specialty Advisory Committee (SAC).

Estimating the cost of pure cybercrime to Australian individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coen Teunissen ◽  
Isabella Voce
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Online Panels ◽  
The Cost

This report estimates the cost of pure cybercrime to individuals in Australia in 2019. A survey was administered to a sample of 11,840 adults drawn from two online panels—one using probability sampling and the other non-probability sampling—with the resulting data weighted to better reflect the distribution of the wider Australian population. Thirty-four percent of respondents had experienced some form of pure cybercrime, with 14 percent being victimised in the last 12 months. This is equivalent to nearly 6.7 million Australian adults having ever been the victim of pure cybercrime, and 2.8 million Australians being victimised in the past year. Drawing on these population estimates, the total economic impact of pure cybercrime in 2019 was approximately $3.5b. This encompasses $1.9b in money directly lost by victims, $597m spent dealing with the consequences of victimisation, and $1.4b spent on prevention costs. Victims recovered $389m.

scholarly journals Reimagining unfinished architectures: ruin perspectives between art and heritage

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-244
Author(s):  
Pablo Arboleda
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
Single Solution ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis

For the past five decades, hundreds of unfinished public works have been erected in Italy as the result of inconsistent planning and the presence of corruption and organised crime. A third of these constructions are located in Sicily alone, and so, in 2007, a group of artists labelled this phenomenon an architectural style: ‘ Incompiuto Siciliano’. Through this creative approach, the artists’ objective is to put incompletion back on the agenda by viewing it from a heritage perspective. This article reviews the different approaches that the artists have envisaged to handle unfinished public works; whether to finish them, demolish them, leave them as they are or opt for an ‘active’ arrested decay. The critical implications of these strategies are analysed in order to, ultimately, conclude that incompletion is such a vast and complex issue that it will surely have more than one single solution; but rather a combination of these four. This is important because it opens up a debate on the broad spectrum of possibilities to tackle incompletion – establishing this as one of the key contemporary urban themes not only in Italy but also in those countries affected by unfinished geographies after the 2008 financial crisis.

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