scholarly journals Enhancement of the rheological properties of bentonite mud using natural polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 047-059
Author(s):  
Muhammed Rufai ◽  
Koyejo Oduola
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Before And After

This research work focuses on finding more effective polymers that can improve the rheological properties of bentonite mud. Various mud samples were formulated with natural polymers obtained from corn starch, cassava starch, purple potato starch, yellow potato starch and saw dust consisting of different masses which were not treated or purified by any chemical method before and after preparation along with the control mud. Rheology tests were carried out to determine the plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, yield point, gel strength among others. API standards were followed throughout the experimental study and the result from this investigation showed that increasing the concentration of polymers enhances the mud rheological properties studied at ambient condition, wherein thermal stability was exhibited up till 100°C. Thus, environmental friendly alternatives have been discovered for drilling fluid additives which are cheap, organic, bio-degradable, non-toxic and easily available

Comparative Analysis of the Rheological Behaviour of Irvingia Gabonensis Ogbono and Foreign Polymer for Bentonite Formulated Mud.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ayodele ◽  
David Ekuma ◽  
Ikechukwu Okafor ◽  
Innocent Nweze
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Local Product ◽  
Irvingia Gabonensis

Abstract Drilling fluid are complex fluids consisting of several additives. These additives are added to enhance and control the rheological properties (such as viscosity, gel strength and yield point) of the mud. These properties are controlled for effective drilling of a well. This research work is focused on determining the rheological behavior of drilling mud using industry-based polymer and Irvingia Gabonensis (ogbono) as viscosifiers. Water based muds were formulated from the aforementioned locally sourced viscosifier and that of the conventional used viscosifier (Carboxylmetyl cellulose, CMC). Laboratory tests were carried out on the different muds formulated and their rheological properties (such as yield stress, shear stress, plastic viscosity and shear rate) are evaluated. The concentration of the viscosifiers were varied. The expected outcome of the research work aims at lowering the total drilling cost by reducing the importation of foreign polymer which promotes the development of local content in the oil and gas industry. The research compares the rheology of mud samples and the effect of varying the concentration (2g, 4g, 6g, 8g, and 10g) of both CMC and Ogbono and determining the changes in their rheological properties. The total volume of each mud sample is equivalent to 350ml which represent one barrel (42gal) in the lab. From the result, at concentration of 2g, the ogbono mud has a better rheology than the CMC mud, but at a concentration above 2g, CMC mud shows a better rheology than ogbono mud, that is, as the concentration of CMC is increased, the rheological properties of the mud increased while as the concentration of ogbono is increased the rheological properties decreased. The viscosity of the drilling fluid produced from the ogbono were lower than that of CMC, it could be used together with another local product such as cassava starch, offor or to further improve the rheology and then be a substitute to the conventional viscosifiers.

scholarly journals THERMAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLID BIOPOLYMER ELECTROLYTES FROM STARCH OF DIFFERENT BOTANICAL ORIGIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (38) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Alvaro ARRIETA
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Botanical Origin ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Biopolymer Electrolytes ◽  
Starch Films ◽  
Biopolymer Electrolyte

Background: Solid biopolymer electrolytes are a type of material with high technological potential used in the development of solar cells, batteries, fuel cells, among others, due to their biodegradable nature and low environmental impact. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the botanical origin of the starch used to prepare solid biopolymeric electrolyte films on its electrochemical and thermal properties and to establish the variations in thermal decomposition temperatures and redox potentials depending on the botanical origin of the starch used. Methods: Films of solid biopolymer electrolyte were made by thermochemical synthesis processes using corn starch, cassava starch, potato starch, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, and glutaraldehyde as plasticizers and lithium perchlorate salt. The synthesis solutions were taken to an oven at 70 °C for 48 hours. The films were characterized electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry using a dry electrochemical cell and thermally by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the electrochemical behavior of the films was similar in terms of registered redox processes. However, the potential values of the oxidation and reduction were different, as are the stability and intensity of the processes. On the other hand, the thermal analysis allowed establishing two decomposition processes in each of the films studied; the first process was due to dehydration and depolymerization phenomena in the films. The temperatures recorded were 59.0 °C, 58.9 °C, and 89.9 °C for potato starch, cassava starch, and corn starch films. The second process evidenced the thermal decomposition at different temperatures, 267.7 °C in potato starch films, 280.6 °C in corn starch films, and 287.1 °C in cassava starch films. Conclusions: It could be concluded that the botanical origin of the starch used in the synthesis of solid biopolymer electrolyte films affects its behavior and electrochemical and thermal stability.

Development of New Models to Determine the Rheological Parameters of Water-based Drilling Fluid Using Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farqad Hadi ◽  
Ali Noori ◽  
Hussein Hussein ◽  
Ameer Khudhair
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Marsh Funnel

Abstract It is well known that drilling fluid is a key parameter for optimizing drilling operations, cleaning the hole, and managing the rig hydraulics and margins of surge and swab pressures. Although the experimental works present valid and reliable results, they are expensive and time consuming. On the other hand, continuous and regular determination of the rheological mud properties can perform its essential functions during well construction. More uncertainties in planning the drilling fluid properties meant that more challenges may be exposed during drilling operations. This study presents two predictive techniques, multiple regression analysis (MRA) and artificial neural networks (ANNs), to determine the rheological properties of water-based drilling fluid based on other simple measurable properties. While mud density (MW), marsh funnel (MF), and solid% are key input parameters in this study, the output functions or models are plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), apparent viscosity (AV), and gel strength. The prediction methods were demonstrated by means of a field case in eastern Iraq, using datasets from daily drilling reports of two wells in addition to the laboratory measurements. To test the performance ability of the developed models, two error-based metrics (determination coefficient R2 and root mean square error RMSE) have been used in this study. The current results of this study support the evidence that MW, MF, and solid% are consistent indexes for the prediction of rheological properties. Both mud density and solid content have a relative-significant effect on increasing PV, YP, AV, and gel strength. However, a scattering around each fit curve is observed which proved that one rheological property alone is not sufficient to estimate other properties. The results also reveal that both MRA and ANN are conservative in estimating the fluid rheological properties, but ANN is more precise than MRA. Eight empirical mathematical models with high performance capacity have been developed in this study to determine the rheological fluid properties based on simple and quick equipment as mud balance and marsh funnel. This study presents cost-effective models to determine the rheological fluid properties for future well planning in Iraqi oil fields.

scholarly journals Influence of starch origin on rheological properties of concentrated aqueous solutions

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-655
Author(s):  
Zeljko Stojanovic ◽  
Katarina Jeremic ◽  
Slobodan Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Starch Solution ◽  
Concentrated Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Slow Aggregation

The rheological properties of corn and potato starch concentrated aqueous solutions were investigated at 25?C. The starches were previously dispersed in water and the solutions were obtained by heating of dispersions at 115-120?C for 20 minutes. The solutions of potato starch were transparent, while the corn starch solutions were opalescent. The results of dynamic mechanical measurements showed that the values of viscosity, h, storage modulus, G?, and loss modulus, G?, of the corn starch solutions increased with the storage time. This phenomenon was not observed for the potato starch solutions. It was assumed that the increase of h, G? and G? is the result of starch solutions retrogradation. The potato starch solutions retrogradation did not occur probably because of the phosphates presence. The viscosity of 2 mass % corn starch solution is less than the viscosity of 2 mass % potato starch solution. By increasing the concentration of corn starch solution the gel with elastic behavior was formed. The corn starch solutions formed gel as early as at 4 mass % concentration, while potato starch solutions achieved the gel state at the concentration of 5 mass %. The value of exponent m (G? and G? ? wm) during the transition of potato starch solutions to gel is 0.414, which gives the fractal dimensions for corn starch of 2.10. The obtained value of fractal dimension corresponds to slow aggregation. The corn starch solutions with the starch concentrations higher than 4 mass % form weak gels. For these solutions the values of modulus in rubber plateau were determined. It was found that the modulus in rubber plateau increased with the concentration by the exponent of 4.36. Such high exponent value was obtained in the case when the tridimensional network is formed, i.e. when supermolecular structures like associates or crystal domains are formed.

scholarly journals Photochemical Reactions in Dialdehyde Starch

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Ziegler-Borowska ◽  
Katarzyna Wegrzynowska-Drzymalska ◽  
Dorota Chelminiak-Dudkiewicz ◽  
Jolanta Kowalonek ◽  
Halina Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dialdehyde Starch ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aldehyde Groups

In this study potato and corn starch were subjected to oxidation, using sodium periodate, to obtain dialdehyde starch (DAS) containing different amount of aldehyde groups. The obtained modified starch samples have been characterized with chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Then, the samples were exposed to polychromatic UV radiation and the course of photochemical reaction has been monitored with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The surface properties of the native and dialdehyde starch before and after UV-irradiation have been determined by contact angle measurements and calculation of surface free energy. The crystallinity of the samples has been estimated with X-ray diffraction (XRD). It has been proved that the dialdehyded corn starch contained a higher amount of functional groups was more photostable than the oxidized potato starch. Sodium iodide(V), firmly bound to DAS macromolecules, has been found to have a significant effect on the photooxidative degradation of the tested systems. In addition, the mechanism of photoinduced reactions in the dialdehyde starch has been proposed.

scholarly journals Formation Damage Avoidance by Reducing Invasion with Sodium Silicate-Modified Water-Based Drilling Fluid

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salaheldin Elkatatny ◽  
Tural Jafarov ◽  
Abdulaziz Al-Majed ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Tight Sandstone ◽  
Ct Number ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Before And After

Drilling multilateral and horizontal wells through tight gas reservoirs is a very difficult task. The drilling fluid should be designed to reduce both fluid and solid invasion into the tight formation to avoid formation damage by aqueous phase trapping. The objective of this paper is to assess the effect of sodium silicate on the drilling fluid properties such as rheological and filtration properties. Rheological properties (RPs) were measured at different temperatures while the filtration test was performed at 300 °F and 300 psi differential pressure. A retained permeability calculation was determined to confirm the prevention of solid invasion. The rheological properties results confirmed that the optimal concentration of sodium silicate (SS) was 0.075 wt.% and at the same time, the temperature has no effect on the SS optimum concentration. Using 0.075 wt.% of SS reduced the filtrate volume by 53% and decreased the filter cake thickness by 65%. After mechanical removal of the filter cake, the return permeability of the tight sandstone core was 100% confirming the prevention of solid invasion. The computer tomography (CT) scanner showed that the CT number before and after the filtration test was very close (almost the same) indicating zero solid invasion and prevention of the formation damage.

Study on Preparation and Evaluation of Micro Zirconia Particles Used in Drilling Fluid

2012 ◽  
Vol 578 ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Xiao Chun Cao ◽  
Yan Yu Li ◽  
Dong Liang Yang ◽  
Kun Ke
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation

This article explains how to prepare zirconia (ZrO2) mico particles and demonstrates how to evaluate the performance of drilling fluids containing ZrO2. Sheet ZrO2micro articles were prepared using hydrothermal synthesis method and were observed using particle image equipment. The performances of drilling fluids before and after various doses of ZrO2added were compared. The result shows that sheet ZrO2micro particles can adjust the rheological properties of drilling fluid.

Rheological properties of sweet potato starch before and after denaturalization

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 500-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua-xi Xiao ◽  
Qin-lu Lin ◽  
Xin-jian Xia ◽  
Li-hui Li ◽  
Li-zhong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sweet Potato Starch

scholarly journals The application of MWCNT to enhance the rheological behavior of drilling fluids at high temperature

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Razak Ismail ◽  
W. R. W Sulaiman ◽  
M. Z. Jaafar ◽  
A. Aftab ◽  
A. A. Razi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Filtrate Loss

Drilling fluid is the key component to drill oil and gas wells. The rheological behavior of drilling fluid will be affected when drilling deep wells especially at high temperature and high pressure reservoir. This research was conducted to study the effect of the nanoparticles over the rheological properties of the drilling fluid when aging at high temperature condition. Several drilling fluids were prepared using synthetic based fluids (Sarapar and Saraline) to study the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) at different concentrations. The rheological properties of drilling fluid were analyzed after aging at 250 °F and 350 °F for 16 hours. The results revealed that the addition of MWCNT improved the 10-sec gel strength by 33% and filtrate loss volume was reduced to 10% after aging at 250°F in Saraline drilling fluid. Moreover, the plastic viscosity of Saraline and Sarapar drilling fluid after addition of MWCNT was enhanced by 6% and 27% at 350 °F. Filtrate loss volume of Sarapar drilling fluid was reduced by 19 % after aging at 250 °F for 16 hours. The overall results showed that the addition of MWCNT into the drilling fluid have slightly improved the rheological properties of drilling fluids under high temperature conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation as Disintegrant, Acetone-dehydrated Pre-Gelatinized Starch of Arthocarpus altilis Fruits in Oral paracetamol Tablets

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-69
Author(s):  
T. O. Uwah ◽  
D. E. Effiong ◽  
E. I. Akpabio ◽  
G. Jacob ◽  
I. Awa
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dissolution Kinetics ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Gelatinized Starch ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Time And Energy

Introduction: Modifying natural polymers have imparted desirable properties making them suitable as pharmaceutical additives. Aim: This research work was to prepare pre-gelatinized breadfruit starch using acetone to reduce drying time and energy expended. The modified starch was evaluated as a disintegrant in paracetamol oral compacts. Methods: Starch from unripe mature bread fruit was pre-gelatinized, precipitated with acetone to reduce drying time. Native and pre-gelatinized starches were characterized for micromeritics, compatibility studies with test drug using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) and water interaction properties (viscosity, swelling power and hydration capacity). Paracetamol granules formed by wet granulation were compacted incorporating starches as disintegrant intragranularly, extragranularly and combining both methods. Disintegration and dissolution studies done. Results: Pre-gelatinization did not alter the native starch chemically and their pH were within pharmaceutical limits. The disintegration efficiency ratio (DER) for the P2 and P3 (tablet batches with pre-gelatinized starches) compared favourably with that of corn starch. Also, the dissolution kinetics of the breadfruit starches followed the Hixson Crowel’s model while that of reference corn starch was best described by the Higuchi kinetic model. Conclusion: Breadfruit starch is edible and the properties of its pre-gelatinized form as a disintegrant compares favourably with corn starch BP. It could be an good alternative as pharmaceutical excipient.

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