scholarly journals COVID-19 dermatological manifestations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 085-090
Author(s):  
Broshtilova Valentina ◽  
Stratieva Dalia ◽  
Kantardjiev Vessel
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Skin Changes ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Adults And Children

COVID-19 is an ongoing multisystemic viral infection, which affects both adults and children. The virus has a complicated and not fully understood pathophysiological mechanism of damaging different organs and systems, including the skin. Cutaneous manifestations classification is complicated by the great variety of lesions and histological appearances, neither specific. Herein, a thorough overview of the clinical and pathological peculiarities of skin changes observed in the acute and re-convalescent stages of COVID-19 infection, is highlighted. The pathophysiological mechanisms, suggested to trigger and sustain the dermatological dysfunction, are also considered in the vicinity of authors’ personal experience.

scholarly journals Cutaneous manifestations in children with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
O. B. Tamrazova ◽  
A. S. Stadnikova ◽  
E. V. Rudikova
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Skin Manifestations ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In late 2019, a new viral infection appeared in China, which spread around the world, causing a pandemic. The causative agent of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The review presents modern data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and course of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 in children. Chinese, American and European scientists have described a variety of cutaneous manifestations in children with COVID-19. The article provides a literature review of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 coronavirus infection in children. During our own observation of 301 patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 at the Bashlyaevs Children Hospital in Moscow from May 17 to November 16, 2020, it was revealed that 39 (13 %) patients had skin manifestations. The article presents a classification of skin manifestations characteristic of COVID-19. A brief description of each group is given.

scholarly journals Pattern of Cutaneous Dermatoses in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Mahfuza Akhter ◽  
Ishrat Bhuiyan ◽  
Zubaida Akter ◽  
Homayra Tahseen Hossain ◽  
Syed Ghulam Mogni Mowla
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Female Patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to be a major public health problem. Multiple factors have a role in the skin manifestations of DM. Cutaneous manifestations of DM are very important to the clinician. Methods: Current study was carried out in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Shaheed Suhrawrdy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, spanning from 1st January 2017 till 30th June 2017 over a period of six months. Adult patients already diagnosed to be suffering from type 2 DM presenting with cutaneous manifestations were included in the study. Results: Majority (68.0%) patients had diabetes >5 years, 16.7% had < 1 year and 15.3% had 1-5 years. Family history of DM was found in 70.7% in this study. In this study bacterial infection and fungal infection were more common in female patients (60.0% vs 62.0% respectively). Regarding types of dermatoses, fungal infection was more common in this study 50(33.3%). Others were bacterial infection 20(13.3%), viral infection 7(4.7%) and parasitic infection 7(4.7%). Papulo squamous disease was found 31(20.7%) patients, other diseases were 32(21.3%).Viral infection was more in male patients (71.4%). Parasitic infection was high in female patients 6(85.7%). Papulo squamous diseases was found 21(67.7%) in female patients. Conclusion: In this study fungal infection, bacterial infection, viral infection and parasitic infections were found to be the more common cutaneous dermatoses among adult diabetic patients. Bacterial infection and fungal infection were more common in female patients. TAJ 2018; 31(1): 21-28

scholarly journals Cutaneous manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2: an emerging topic in a pandemic era

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e244763
Author(s):  
Helena Luís ◽  
Carolina Barros ◽  
Diogo André ◽  
Alexandra Malheiro
Keyword(s):  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Skin Changes ◽  
Urticarial Rash

A 70-year-old man was admitted to our COVID-19 ward with thoracalgia, productive mucus cough, fatigue and erythematous–violaceous macules on the inner side of feet and interdigital regions. The patient was started on oxygen and dexamethasone. On the day of discharge, he maintained the skin changes despite the resolution of COVID-19 symptoms. A 57-year-old woman initially presented with diffuse urticarial rash on the cervical and chest region. Oral cetirizine was started, and pruritus improved. Thirty days after the discharge, the patient maintained the rash, but without pruritus. A 49-year-old man was admitted with thoracalgia, shortness of breath, dry cough and urticarial rash on the cervical and chest region. The patient was treated with cetirizine. The pruritus improved, and 5 days after discharge, the urticarial areas completely disappeared.

Current understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of peripartal cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
V. D. Kazantseva ◽  
L. D. Khidirova ◽  
N. A. Kokoulina
Keyword(s):  
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Age Related ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Hormonal Theory

The aim of the study. To analyze literature data in order to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of development of peripartum cardiomyopathy. Research methods and materials. A review of modern Russian and foreign, mainly English-speaking, literature on the pathogenetic mechanisms of IPAH development was carried out. We took into account publications not older than 6 years, published in specialized medical journals and guidelines. Results. According to the data of modern studies devoted to the peculiarities of the development of peripartum cardiomyopathy, much attention is paid to the risk factors of the disease, in particular the age-related obstetric history, pregnancy with twins or more, and arterial hypertension. In addition, the significance of genetic predisposition, inflammatory syndrome has been proven, and the vasculo-hormonal theory is being studied. Difficult issues of the etiopathogenesis of the disease, including myocarditis, the role of the prolactin-cathepsin-prolactin 16 kDa system, and malnutrition are discussed.Conclusion. Pathophysiological mechanism of development of peripartum cardiomyopathy. appears as a complex combination of inflammatory changes in the myocardium with the participation of a cardiotoxic subfragment – prolactin 16 kDa, which causes damage and dysfunction of the endothelium under hemodynamic stress against the background of possible genetic changes, which leads to damage to cardiomyocytes and a decrease in myocardial contractility.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF DAMAGING ACTION OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN PREGNANCY

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (66) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Оксана Кытикова ◽  
Oksana Kytikova ◽  
Татьяна Новгородцева ◽  
Tatyana Novgorodtseva ◽  
Ксения Петрова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Long Time ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

This systematic review was undertaken to define the urgency of studying the problem of cytomegalovirus infection due to the high frequency of detection of specific antibodies among women of childbearing age and the negative consequences of cytomegalovirus for the fetus and newborn. Despite the advances in modern medicine in the study of etiopathogenesis and diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy, there is currently no trend towards a reduction in the incidence of obstetric pathologies and fetal damage. Physiological features of the functioning of the immune system in pregnancy are discussed; they create the prerequisites for the emergence or activation of long time persistent cytomegalovirus infection and intrauterine fetal damage. Complications in newborns are much more common if the primary cytomegalovirus infection was detected in the first trimester of pregnancy. Cytomegalovirus infection is accompanied by the development of immunodeficiency, but pathophysiological mechanisms of cytomegalovirus infection with the damaging effect in the first trimester of pregnancy need to be detailed. The pathophysiological mechanism of mismatch of immune regulation in pathological pregnancy and in the presence of cytomegalovirus infection is Th-1/Th-2 imbalance which can serve as a target for the development of pathogenetically oriented therapy of pregnant women with cytomegalovirus infection. It is suggested that the specification of these mechanisms will reduce the frequency of obstetric pathologies.

scholarly journals Do you know this syndrome?

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guida Santos ◽  
Sara Lestre ◽  
Alexandre João
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Poems Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Skin Changes

POEMS syndrome is a unique clinical entity, the diagnosis of which is made when polyneuropathy and monoclonal gammopathy occur together, associated with other changes such as organomegaly, endocrinopathy, skin changes and papilledema. Cutaneous manifestations are heterogeneous, with diffuse cutaneous hyperpigmentation, hemangiomas and hypertrichosis occurring more frequently. We report the case of a 65- year-old female patient with this syndrome, diagnosed after 15 years of disabling peripheral neuropathy.

scholarly journals Spectrum of cutaneous manifestations in lupus erythematous -a dermatologist perspective

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bhattarai ◽  
S Agrawal ◽  
A Rijal ◽  
SK Sharma ◽  
SS Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Malar Rash ◽  
Skin Changes ◽  
Nail Changes ◽  
Eye Involvement

Background: The cutaneous manifestations of lupus erythematosus (LE) specific skin disease consists of acute cutaneous LE (ACLE), Subacute cutaneous (SCLE) and Chronic cutaneous (CCLE). Objective: To evaluate the spectrum of cutaneous manifestation in patients of LE. Methods: A case series of 41 clinically diagnosed cases of LE attending the outpatient department of Dermatology, BPKIHS were evaluated for the specific and non-specific skin changes. Results: All the patients enrolled in the study were female,with the age ranging from 14-64 years. ACLE was detected in 22/41(78.04%). Malar rash was the frequent skin lesion. CCLE was seen in 6/41 (14.63%) patients with classical discoid lesions (localized and generalized) in 4/6(66.66%) and 2/6(33.33%) respectively. Non specific skin lesions were found in 30/ 41(73.17%) of patients. Mucosal ulcers were seen in 23/41(56.09%), Facial telangiectasias 20/41(48.78%), Raynaunds phenomena 22/41(53.65%), Chronic urticaria 9/41(21.95%), Nail changes 12/41(29.26%) and non scarring alopecia was seen in 6/41(14.63%) patients. Eye involvement was seen in 3/41(7.3%), cutaneous vasculitis in 5/41(12.19%) and scaring alopecia in 3/41(7.3%) patients. Conclusion: The cutaneous manifestations of patients with lupus erythematosus (LE) are very frequent, show a great variety and can occur at any stage of the disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i1.5999 HREN 2012; 10(1): 8-11

Single Institutional Experience on Cutaneous Manifestation of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma - Potential Diagnostic Pitfall

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S96-S97
Author(s):  
S Bridgelall ◽  
J Michalski ◽  
X Zhang ◽  
L Sokol ◽  
N Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Bone Marrow Involvement ◽  
T Cell Leukemia ◽  
Cell Leukemia ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Skin Changes ◽  
Cutaneous Involvement ◽  
Adult T Cell Leukemia ◽  
Generalized Lymphadenopathy

Abstract Introduction/Objective Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive peripheral T-cell neoplasm caused by the human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV1). Approximately half of the patients diagnosed with ATLL have heterogeneous cutaneous manifestations and 1/3 of those patients have skin changes e.g. rashes, papules, and nodules at initial presentation. There is clinical and morphologic overlap between ATLL and other cutaneous T-cell neoplasms such as Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma/mycosis fungoides (CTCL/MF) which could pose a potential diagnostic challenge. Methods A retrospective study was conducted using PathNet system to search for HTLV1 positive ATLL patients. Clinicopathologic features of the patients with cutaneous involvement were analyzed. Results Total 31 patients with ATLL were identified. Nine patients (29%, median 54.5 years, range 47-67 years, male: female ratio 2:7) showed skin manifestations, and the cutaneous involvement with ATLL was confirmed by skin biopsy. Five (55.5%, 5/9) cases were initially misdiagnosed as CTCL/MF. Among the 5 patients, 2 presented with skin rash or diffuse erythematous patch/plaque before developing generalized lymphadenopathy or overt circulating atypical lymphocytosis; 2 developed severe pruritic rash with erythematous skin changes resembling Sezary syndrome; and 1 patient had folliculotrophic MF diagnosed 12 years before. Notably, atypical lymphocytosis (0.46- 41.19/µL) occurred in 3 of the 4 remaining cases. In addition, eight of the 9 patients displayed a variable level of CD3+/CD4+/ CD25strong+ abnormal T-cells on flow cytometry. A low-level bone marrow involvement (2-10%) was found in 8 of 9 cases. Elevated calcium levels were identified in 3 of 9 cases (33%). There were 7 of 8 patients (87.5%) who developed generalized lymphadenopathy when diagnosis of ATLL was rendered. Conclusion In patients with cutaneous manifestations, features including hypercalcemia, atypical lymphocytosis, lymphadenopathy, CD3/CD4/strong CD25 coexpression, and bone marrow involvement should prompt a test for HTLV1. Early diagnosis of ATLL can initiate proper treatment and improve patient clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Frequency of cutaneous manifestations in drug abuse patients.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 497-503
Author(s):  
Zahid Rafiq ◽  
Syed Muntazir Mehdi ◽  
Urfa Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Skin Changes ◽  
Skin Manifestations ◽  
Mucosal Changes

Objective: Drug abuse and drug addiction cases have been increased immensely in last few decades in Pakistan. This study was conducted to assess the frequency of cutaneous manifestations in drug abuse patients. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Settings: Dermatology Department of a DHQ Teaching Hospital/Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal and Central Jail Hospital, Sahiwal. Period: November 2019 to June 2020. Material & Methods: 50 patients with drug abuse irrespective of age and gender were selected. Skin manifestations based on history and examination recorded on predesigned proforma. Laboratory investigations and skin biopsies were performed to confirm diagnoses in doubtful cases. Results: A total of 50 male patients with age above 16 years were enrolled. Single drug addiction was noticed in 62% (n=31) and polydrug abuse was observed in 38% (n=19). Regarding mode of drug intake, single and multiple modes of drug administration were seen in equal number 50% (n=25) each. Major bulk of skin manifestations were chronic including skin scars 66% (n=33), xerosis 60% (n=30), hyperpigmentation 58% (n=29), oral mucosal changes 94% (n=47) and facial skin changes 60% (n=30). Acute along with chronic skin changes were observed in 30% (n=15) mainly including injection marks 30% (n=15), vascular changes 12% (n=6) and infections 8% (n=4). Conclusion: Skin scars, xerosis, hyperpigmentation and oral mucosal changes are the common skin changes observed among drug abusers. Thus, physicians need to be aware of skin signs of drug abuse for timely recognition of substance abuse disorders and effective management.

scholarly journals (Over)Estimating Shared Cultural Knowledge: Evidence for early use of a knowledge prediction heuristic in children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Laura Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Knowledge Item ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
Early Use ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cognitive Cost

<p>Both adults and children accurately and efficiently predict what other people know, despite interacting with a diverse range of individuals who each have different knowledge sets. To reduce the cognitive cost of predicting each individual’s knowledge, there is evidence that we use heuristics to make generalisable predictions about the way specific kinds of knowledge are shared with others. Yet, little research examines the function of a knowledge prediction heuristic, the input needed to produce accurate knowledge predictions, or changes across development. I propose that children use a heuristic to predict others’ knowledge, and that this heuristic functions by considering the type of knowledge being predicted, and characteristics of the individual whose knowledge is being predicted. Chapter 2 demonstrates that 3- to 6-year-old children accurately and selectively predict who shares different pieces of their knowledge. Children also predict knowledge accurately in a third-party task, providing evidence for the use of a generalisable heuristic rather than simple associations or personal experience. Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 demonstrate knowledge overestimation errors, predicted by the heuristic I propose. 4-year-olds, but not 6-year-olds, overattribute knowledge to others if the knowledge item being predicted is an example of a cultural knowledge item (typically shared with strangers from the same social groups). Yet, even 4-year-olds do not make this over-attribution error when predicting an example of a typically episodic knowledge item (not typically shared with any strangers). Chapter 4 provides initial evidence that feelings of closeness or shared episodic knowledge with a partner (but not simply shared group membership) decrease 4- and 6-year-olds consideration of this partner’s perspective. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for an early-emerging knowledge prediction heuristic which considers the type of knowledge being predicted and characteristics of the individual whose knowledge is being predicted to facilitate accurate yet efficient knowledge predictions.</p>

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