scholarly journals Effect of eco-enzymes prepared from selected organic waste on domestic waste water treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-333
Author(s):  
Bharvi S. Patel ◽  
Bhanu R. Solanki ◽  
Archana U. Mankad
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Enzyme Solution ◽  
Organic Solid ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Water Pollution has become a major problem with increasing urbanisation and rapid industrialisation. Despite the abundance of water, pollution causes the water to be less useful and more harmful to health, environment, and life on our planet. In past few years, many researchers have focussed on use of biological & physical treatment methods that are cost-effective and cause no harm to the environment instead of chemical methods. The aim of the present work is to study the effect of organic solid wastes in the form of orange peels, marigold flowers, and neem leaves on domestic wastewater treatment. Eco-enzyme solutions were prepared using Dr. Rosukon’s method from the wastes mentioned which involves mixing jaggery along with the wastes and water in the ratio of 1:3:10. The eco-enzyme solution was then allowed to be prepared through 90 days of fermentation process. The three eco-enzyme solutions – after 10 days of filtration – were then mixed with domestic wastewater samples individually keeping 90 astewater and 10% eco-enzyme solution. The results after 50 days of digestion period suggests that orange eco-enzyme was the most effective in reducing Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) while Marigold eco-enzyme was most effective in reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD).

scholarly journals Efficiency and Technological Reliability of Contaminant Removal in Household WWTPs with Activated Sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Micek ◽  
Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski ◽  
Michał Marzec ◽  
Agnieszka Listosz ◽  
Tadeusz Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Polish Law

The results of research on the efficiency and technological reliability of domestic wastewater purification in two household wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with activated sludge are presented in this paper. The studied facilities were located in the territory of the Roztocze National Park (Poland). The mean wastewater flow rate in the WWTPs was 1.0 and 1.6 m3/day. In 2017–2019, 20 series of analyses were done, and 40 wastewater samples were taken. On the basis of the received results, the efficiency of basic pollutant removal was determined. The technological reliability of the tested facilities was specified using the Weibull method. The average removal efficiencies for the biochemical oxygen demand in 5 days (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 66–83% and 62–65%, respectively. Much lower effects were obtained for total suspended solids (TSS) and amounted to 17–48%, while the efficiency of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) removal did not exceed 34%. The analyzed systems were characterized by the reliability of TSS, BOD5, and COD removal at the level of 76–96%. However, the reliability of TN and TP elimination was less than 5%. Thus, in the case of biogenic compounds, the analyzed systems did not guarantee that the quality of treated wastewater would meet the requirements of the Polish law during any period of operation. This disqualifies the discussed technological solution in terms of its wide application in protected areas and near lakes, where the requirements for nitrogen and phosphorus removal are high.

scholarly journals Water quality assessment of the Borska Reka river using the WPI (Water Pollution Index) method

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Milijasevic ◽  
Ana Milanovic ◽  
Jovana Brankov ◽  
M. Radovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Water Pollution Index ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Basin Area

The Borska Reka river (47 km long, 373 km2 of basin area) is located in eastern Serbia and it is the biggest tributary of the river Veliki Timok. It is also one of the most polluted watercourses in Serbia. Using the data of the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, the paper analyzes water pollution using the combined physical-chemical WPI index (water pollution index) over two periods: 1993-1996 and 2006-2009. The analysis of parameters showed significantly increased values of heavy metals (especially iron and manganese) which are indicators of inorganic pollution (primarily because of mining), but also increased values of organic pollution indicators (Biological Oxygen Demand-BOD5, ammonium, coliform germs), as the result of uncontrolled domestic wastewater discharge.

scholarly journals An integrated process of methanol coagulation and side stream membrane bioreactor for treatment of rice gruel wastewater

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Nazia ◽  
Karishma Mishra ◽  
Veeriah Jegatheesan ◽  
Suresh K Bhargava ◽  
Sridhar Sundergopal
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Effective Removal

Abstract Significant demand for water supply was to expect forthcoming decades. Production of reusable water from industrial and domestic wastewater is a feasible, cost-effective, and significant positive benefit to the environment. In the present study, the domestic rice gruel wastewater (RGW) treated with aqueous methanol coagulation integrated aerobic membrane bioreactor (AMBR). Hydrophilized spiral wound 5 kDa ultrafiltration membrane (HF – UF) used in the bioreactor for the effective removal of pollutants from RGW. Furthermore, the RGW pretreated with various coagulants such as methanol, ethanol, and HCl. The obtained pretreated RGW subjected to the HF-UF 5 kDa side stream AMBR for reusable water production. The experiments conducted to determine the turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) found to be 96 %, 91 %, 91 %, and 94.6 %. The overall process was feasible, compact, environmentally free, cost-effective, eco-friendly.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Investigation on Performance of Multicompartment Sand Filter for Treatment of Grey-Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Charuta S. Waghmare ◽  
Prajakta Pazare ◽  
Khalid S. Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
Day By Day

Water is the vital natural resource for the survival all biotic species. Demand of water is growing day by day as a result of rapid industrialization, production, and growth in population. As a result, it is necessary to look for the alternatives to reduce our freshwater usage. Grey-water treatment appears to be one of the most promising alternatives. The conventional filtration process with sand as a filter media is considered as a cost effective technique for water and waste water treatment. Amongst the various techniques of filtration, the performance of the Multicompartment Sand Filter, a modified version of a sand filter is examined in this paper in four different experimental setups. It is discovered that this sand filter is effective in removing Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Suspended Solids and turbidity with percentage removal of 95.94%, 89.72%% and 64.69%% respectively. This filter is easy to manage, adaptable, compact and cost effective.

Evaluation of Regional Domestic Waste Water Treatment Plant Performance in Cimahi City

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Mila Dirgawati ◽  
Mohamad Rangga Sururi ◽  
Wili Wiliana ◽  
Nining Widiawati
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Detention Time

Domestic wastewater treatment plant performance (WWTP) currently refers to stringent wastewater quality standards (Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 68 of 2016) considering potential environmental degradation because of pollutants in the wastewater. This study evaluated the performance of the Regional Domestic WWTP in Cimahi City. Cimahi has 10 WWTPs which were operated by an Anaerobic Baffled Reactor system. Periodic monitoring only measured the wastewater characteristics after treatment with parameters: total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia, chemical oxygen demand(COD), biological oxygen demand(BOD), and oil and grease. Therefore, wastewater characteristics were measured before and after treatment at selected WWTP during peak and non-peak hours, with TSS, ammonia, and COD. Important hydraulic factors were also measured: flow velocity at peak and non-peak hours, hydraulic detention time, and sludge height. Effluent from all WWTPs did not meet the standard. However, WWTPs with detention time >2 days produced parameter concentrations closed to the maximum value. The selected WWTP has a 5.7days detention time with removal efficiency for COD 57.52%, and TSS 42.56%, during peak period and COD 60.19% and TSS 34.84% for a non-peak period, but ammonia concentration did not decrease. Overall, WWTP has not been able to meet quality standards and the quality.

scholarly journals An integrated process of methanol coagulation and side-stream membrane bioreactor for the treatment of rice gruel wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Nazia ◽  
Karishma Mishra ◽  
Veeriah Jegatheesan ◽  
Suresh K Bhargava ◽  
Sridhar Sundergopal
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Small Footprint

Abstract The demand for water supply is increasing rapidly across the world due to the exponential growth of population, swift urbanization, and industrialization. Methods for recovery of reusable water from domestic, industrial and agricultural wastewater should be cost-effective, and environmentally safe for the sustainability of water resources. Domestic wastewater is one of the contaminated water sources which need efficient treatment before discharge into water bodies. The novelty of the present study is to treat domestic rice gruel wastewater by coagulation integrated aerobic membrane bioreactor (AMBR) for the generation of reusable water. A hydrophilized ultrafiltration (HF-UF) spiral wound membrane of 5 kDa molecular weight cut off was used for the treatment of rice gruel wastewater at a feed temperature of 30 °C and 80 °C to study separation performance. Further, a comparison study was carried using various coagulants such as methanol, ethanol, and HCl for integration with HF-UF membrane to determine overall process efficiency at 30 °C. Methanol coagulation + HF-UF membrane based integrated process was able to achieve 93.77%, 95.4%, 91%, and 78.6 %, respectively of total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, conductivity, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Further, this process was integrated with a bioreactor operated under aerobic conditions to improve the process efficiency and purified water quality. From the overall experimental results, the integrated coagulation + AMBR process attained a maximum removal of 93.9, 96, 91, and 94.6 percent of TDS, turbidity, conductivity and COD, correspondingly. Finally, an economic estimation of a 1000 Lh-1 capacity pilot plant is described in detail. The study depicts unique advantages of economy, process safety, small footprint, and eco-friendly for rice gruel wastewater by a combination of chemical coagulation with AMBR.

scholarly journals Surveying causes of surface water pollution at Sao River, Binh Thuy district, Can Tho city, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thanh Giao
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Management

Surface water sources play an important role in human and biological activities and the socio-economic development of the region. Therefore, the assessment of water quality and determination of the causes of water pollution in Sao river is essential for good management of the surface water environment. The study was conducted from July to December 2020. Water samples were collected at the time of low tide to evaluate the water quality indicators of temperature, pH, conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonium (N-NH4+), orthophosphate (P-PO43-) and coliform. The source of pollution was determined by direct interviews with households living near Sao river. The results showed that surface water quality in Sao river had signs of organic pollution and microbiological pollution due to BOD, TSS, N-NH4+, P-PO43-, coliform exceeded the allowable limits of National Technical regulation on surface water quality (QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, column A1). The results of the interview revealed that 70% of respondents said that water was seriously polluted and the main sources of pollution were domestic solid waste and domestic wastewater. Therefore, to improve surface water quality in Sao river, solid waste and wastewater management is urgently required. It is necessary to promote the monitoring and management of water quality with the participation of local authorities and communities.

scholarly journals Ferric chloride for odour control: studies from wastewater treatment plants in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Prathna ◽  
Ankit Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Abstract This study was about the feasibility of using ferric chloride as an agent for odour control in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to hydrogen sulphide emission. Total inlet sulphide concentrations at 11 WWTPs in Delhi were measured and ranged between 1.1 and 14.8 mg/L. Wastewater samples from Najafgarh drain were used in jar tests to estimate the ferric chloride concentration required to obtain acceptable treatment. Ferric chloride was effective in removing sulphide, phosphate and total suspended solids (TSS), and gave significant biological oxygen demand (BOD) reduction. It was ineffective, however, in removing ammoniacal-nitrogen. A dose of 40 mg/L removed 76% of total sulphide, which corresponds to a significant reduction in hydrogen sulphide emission. The study demonstrated that ferric chloride can be used as a cost-effective pre-treatment step in WWTPs to reduce sulphur-related odours significantly, as well as TSS, BOD and phosphate from wastewater.

An integrated process of methanol coagulation and side-stream membrane bioreactor for the treatment of rice gruel wastewater 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Nazia ◽  
Karishma Mishra ◽  
Veeriah Jegatheesan ◽  
Suresh K Bhargava ◽  
Sridhar Sundergopal
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Effective Removal

Abstract Significant demand for water supply was to expect forthcoming decades. Production of reusable water from industrial and domestic wastewater is a feasible, cost-effective, and significant positive benefit to the environment. In the present study, the domestic rice gruel wastewater (RGW) treated with aqueous methanol coagulation integrated aerobic membrane bioreactor (AMBR). Hydrophilized (HF) spiral wound 5 kDa ultrafiltration (UF) membrane used in the bioreactor for the effective removal of pollutants from RGW. Furthermore, the RGW pretreated with various coagulants such as methanol, ethanol, and HCl. The obtained pretreated RGW subjected to the HF-UF 5 kDa side stream AMBR for reusable water production. The experiments conducted to determine the turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) found to be 96%, 91%, 91%, and 94.6%. The overall process was feasible, compact, environmentally free, cost-effective, eco-friendly.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of novel attached-growth high rate algal pond system with additional artificial illumination for wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesirine Jinda ◽  
Thammarat Koottatep ◽  
Chawalit Chaiwong ◽  
Chongrak Polprasert
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
Artificial Illumination ◽  
Conventional Systems

Abstract Domestic wastewater containing a high proportion of organic matter and nutrients is a serious pollution problem in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a novel attached-growth high rate algal pond (AG-HRAP) employing attached-growth media and artificial light sources for treating domestic wastewater and enhancing nutrient recovery. Light intensities in the range of 40–180 μmol/m2/s were used in the AG-HRAPs. The experimental results showed that the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies of 88, 62 and 69%, respectively, were found at the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 15 days and the average light intensity of 180 μmol/m2/s. Moreover, the effluent COD concentrations could meet Thailand's national discharge standard. The highest biomass and protein productivities of 54 ± 4 and 37 ± 8 g/m2/d, respectively, were found in the AG-HRAPs, which were higher than in previous studies of HRAPs. The Stover-Kincannon kinetic values for COD, TN and TP removals of the AG-HRAPs (R2 = 0.9) were higher than those of the conventional systems. Additionally, the novel AG-HRAP system could provide a highly cost-effective operation when compared to other microalgal systems.

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