Medicinal treatment of multiple renal calculi (Hisat-E-Kulyah) and bilateral ureteric calculi (Hisat-E-Halib) by Unani Pharmacopoeial formulations – A Case Study

Hisat-e-Kulyah (nephrolithiasis) is one of the most common urological diseases affecting approximately 15 % population worldwide and about 2.3% population of India. It results from a complex process of several physicochemical events including supersaturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation and retention with the kidney. A kidney stone is a hard crystalline mineral material formed within the kidney or urinary tract. Various dietary, non-dietary and urinary risk factors contribute to their formation. High fluid intake and adopting healthy lifestyle measures are some of the cost-effective measures in preventing renal stones. The present paper deals with a case study was conducted on a 13 years old male having multiple calculi (8-10) in left kidney and bilateral ureteric stones, were treated with Qurs-e-Kaknaj, Qurs Kushta Hajrul Yahood, Sharbat-e-Bazoori Motadil. The efficacy of the drugs was assessed based on subjective and objective parameters. Ultrasonography (USG) of the abdomen was performed at baseline and after treatment of 1 month. The follow-up observation was 1 week and the duration of the study was 4 weeks. The clinical improved response was excellent and significant after 7 days of treatment. USG finding was suggestive of the absence of any calculus in the left kidney and ureter after 1 month of Unani treatment without any surgical intervention. The formulations were found to be safe, effective and to prevent urinary supersaturation of lithogenic substances.

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How Energy Retrofit Maintenance Affects Residential Buildings Market Value?

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12125213 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 5213 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Umberto Mecca ◽

Giuseppe Moglia ◽

Paolo Piantanida ◽

Francesco Prizzon ◽

Manuela Rebaudengo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Residential Buildings ◽

Property Values ◽

Market Value ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Real Estate Market ◽

Energy Retrofit ◽

Reference Framework ◽

The Cost ◽

Italian Legislation

By now, it is clear the built environment could play an important role in fighting climate change, since it accounts for around 39% of global energy-related carbon emissions. Generally speaking, Italian residential stock is over 50 years old and around 16% of that needs large interventions due to its poor maintenance condition. So, the maintenance in this context can play a pivotal role in acheiving both energy efficiency and asset valorization. Introduced by a reference framework for the question in the title, this paper presents the case study: a portion of a working-class neighborhoods near the metropolitan city of Turin, marked by very recurrent typologies for the period (early seventies). The local real estate market is discussed to investigate the extraordinary maintenance impact on the property values: the paper considers the market value increase due to the energy class upgrade and the external look improvement. Individual owners putting money on this group of works get a very cost-effective investment and take advantage of Italian legislation supporting these kinds of interventions: the whole is greater than the sum of its parts and in turn greater than the cost assumed for the renovation work.

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Cost-effectiveness of telephone-based weight loss support for patients with knee osteoarthritis: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial

10.1101/284588 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

KM O’Brien ◽

JM van Dongen ◽

A Williams ◽

SJ Kamper ◽

J Wiggers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Usual Care ◽

Weight Management ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Disability Weight ◽

The Cost ◽

Disease Specific

AbstractBackgroundTelephone-based support offers a promising option to provide widely accessible and cost-effective weight loss care to the people with knee osteoarthritis who are overweight. While telephone-based interventions targeting weight loss are used routinely in the general populations, the cost-effectiveness of referring patients with knee osteoarthritis to these is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of referral to a telephone-based weight management and healthy lifestyle service for patients with knee osteoarthritis, who are overweight or obese, compared to usual care.MethodsWe randomised 120 patients with knee osteoarthritis to an intervention or usual care control group in a 1:1 ratio. Participants in the intervention group received a referral to an existing non-disease specific 6-month telephone-based weight management and healthy lifestyle service. The primary outcome of the study was quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Secondary outcomes included pain intensity, disability, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Costs included intervention costs, healthcare utilisation costs (healthcare services and medication use) and absenteeism costs due to knee pain. The primary cost-effectiveness analysis was performed from the societal perspective.ResultsMean cost differences between groups (intervention minus control) were, $454 (95%CI: −2735 to 4206) for healthcare costs, $-36, (95%CI: −73 to 2) for medication costs, and $-13 (95%CI: −225 to 235) for absenteeism costs. The total mean difference in societal costs was $1022 (95%CI: −2201 to 4771). For all outcomes, the probability of the intervention being cost-effective compared with usual care was less than 0.33 at all willingness-to-pay values.ConclusionFrom a societal perspective, telephone-based weight loss support, provided using an existing non-disease specific 6-month weight management and healthy lifestyle service was not cost-effective in comparison with usual care for overweight and obese patients with knee osteoarthritis for QALYs, pain intensity, disability, weight, and BMI.

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Can fisheries yield be enhanced by large-scale feeding of a predatory fish stock? A case study of the Icelandic cod stock

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f01-144 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 58 (10) ◽

pp. 2091-2104 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Björn Björnsson

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Prey Abundance ◽

Predatory Fish ◽

Fish Stock ◽

Feeding Technique ◽

Predator Abundance ◽

The Cost

The concept of large-scale feeding of a predatory fish stock by natural prey species is introduced and evaluated for the Icelandic cod (Gadus morhua L.) stock. The paper addresses the question of whether fisheries yield can be enhanced by relocating food supply in an ecosystem from areas of surplus prey abundance to areas where predator abundance is high and prey abundance low. The benefits of large-scale feeding may be threefold. First, it may increase the growth rate and yield of a predatory fish stock. Second, it may reduce predation on valuable species. Third, it may lower the cost of fishing. For large-scale feeding to be economically feasible it is necessary to have access to large quantities of inexpensive and high-quality feed. In Iceland about 1 000 000 t of capelin, herring, and blue whiting are landed annually for fishmeal production, their price being less than 10% of that of cod. For much of the year these stocks are outside the distributional area of the Icelandic cod stock. The most cost-effective feeding technique must involve purse seiners and pelagic trawlers transporting their catch directly to the feeding locations. Different feeding scenarios, harvesting techniques, and ecological consequences are considered for the Icelandic cod stock.

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Clinical efficacy of Tiladi Kshara capsule in the management of Mutrashmari (Renal calculus) - Case Study

International Journal of AYUSH Case Reports ◽

10.52482/ijacare.v1i1.8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 10-14

Author(s):

Babasaheb Gadve ◽

SS Biswas

Keyword(s):

Clinical Effect ◽

Stone Formation ◽

Modern Science ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Renal Calculi ◽

Renal Calculus ◽

Grave Disease ◽

End Of Treatment

Mutrashmari is one of the most common diseases of Mutravahastrotas. In Ayurveda, Mutrashmari is considered as Asthamahagada (eight type of grave disease mentioned by Sushruta). Clinical features of Mutrashmari explained in various Ayurvedic text resembles of urolithiasis in modern science. In Ayurveda various conservative medicine are mentioned for the management Mutrashmari with less side effect, easily available, cost effective and minimum recurrences of stone formation. In this case report 40 years male patient visited in OPD Shalya Tantra with complaint of abdominal pain (radiating pain from loin to groin), nausea and burning micturation. The USG report showed Mutrashmari (Right renal calculus) of 6 mm since 2 month. The patient was treated with Tiladi Kshara (500mg two times a day) for the period of 1 month. At the end of treatment patient got relief in signs and symptoms and USG report showed no evidence of right renal calculi. Hence this case study showed the clinical effect of Tiladi Kshara in the management of Mutrashmari.

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CLIMADA v1.4.1: Towards a globally consistent adaptation options appraisal tool

10.5194/gmd-2020-151 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

David N. Bresch ◽

Gabriela Aznar-Siguan

Keyword(s):

Climate Adaptation ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Interdisciplinary Studies ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Economic Framework ◽

Impact Modelling ◽

The Cost ◽

Impact Events ◽

Adaptation Options

Abstract. Climate change is a fact and adaptation to a changing environment therefore a necessity. Adaptation is ultimately local, yet similar challenges pose themselves to decision-makers all across the globe and on all levels. The Economics of Climate Adaptation (ECA) methodology established an economic framework to fully integrate risk and reward perspectives of different 10 stakeholders, underpinned by the CLIMADA impact modelling platform. We present an extension of the latter to appraise adaption options in a consistent fashion in order to provide decision-makers from the local to the global level with the necessary facts to identify the most effective instruments to meet the adaptation challenge. We apply the open-source methodology and its Python implementation to a case study in the Caribbean, which allows to prioritize a small basked of adaptation options, namely green and grey infrastructure options as well as behavioural measures, and permits inter-island comparisons. In 15 Anguilla, for example, mangroves avert simulated damages more than 4 times the cost estimated for restoration, while enforcement of building codes shows to be effective in the Turks and Caicos islands. For all islands, cost-effective measures reduce the cost of risk transfer, which covers damage of high impact events that cannot be cost-effectively prevented by other measures. This extended version of the CLIMADA platform has been designed to enable risk assessment and options appraisal in a modular form and occasionally bespoke fashion yet with high reusability of common functionalities to foster usage of the 20 platform in interdisciplinary studies and international collaboration.

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Strategic Capacity Management With Modular Manufacturing And Outsourcing: A Case Study

Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) ◽

10.19030/jber.v4i4.2658 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ignacio Garcia ◽

Ray Venkataraman

Keyword(s):

Business Strategy ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Cost Model ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Product Line ◽

Fixed Costs ◽

Course Of Action ◽

The Cost

This paper proposes that downsizing an industrial manufacturer’s capacity is a cost-effective strategy to reduce the cost of conversion while ensuring that adequate capacity is available to meet its business strategy requirements. A case study of a U.S. manufacturer of motors and other mechanical drive systems illustrates a proposed reduction in capacity that utilizes the development and implementation of a cost model to determine the best alternatives for a company whose capacity is not synchronized with its business strategy. The cost model for each alternative is investigated and compared against the ‘Do nothing’ alternative, using net present value and cash flow analysis to build a case for the most effective course of action. The findings show the benefits of merging manufacturing by separating people, non-people, and fixed costs by facility, product line and product. In addition, the paper also illustrates the benefits of modular manufacturing and outsourcing as a way to further improve costs after the reduction of capacity.

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Clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of Yavakshara with Varunaadi Kwatha Churna in Mutrashmari w.s.r to Urolithiasis - A Case Study

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.v3i4.13352 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Mamatha TS ◽

Dr. Shankar S. Swamy ◽

Dr. S. V. Shailaja

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Stone Formation ◽

Left Kidney ◽

Modern Science ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Cost Effective ◽

End Of Treatment ◽

The Right

Mutrashmari is one of the commonest disease of Mutravaha Srotas, Acharya Sushruta described it as one of the Ashta-Mahagadas and considered as Yama because it gives intolerable pain. Charaka mentioned Ashmari as one of Basti Marmashritha Vyadhi. In modern science it is correlated with Urolithiasis. The incidence rate of Calculi varies as per geographical distribution, sex and age. Generally, men are more affected than women in the ratio of 3:1. The highest incidence of Urolithiasis occurs between the ages of 30-50 years. In Ayurveda various conservative medicine are mentioned for the management of Mutrashmari with less side effect, easily available, cost effective and minimum recurrences of stone formation. In this case report 40 years male patient visited OPD of Shalya Tantra with complaint of abdominal pain (radiating pain from loin to groin), nausea and burning micturation. The USG report showed two calculi measuring 6mm and 4 mm seen in the left kidney, no evidence of hydronephrosis, 3 calculi measuring 6mm, 5mm and 4mm are seen in the right kidney, and right kidney shows mild HUN due to calculus measuring 5mm in the VUJ. The patient was treated with Yavakshara 3 Gunja Pramana twice a day with 50ml of Varunaadi Kashaya for a period of 1 month. At the end of treatment and also in follow up period after 15 days patient got relief in signs and symptoms and USG report showed no evidence of calculi in both the kidneys.

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Systematic Design, Optimization, and Sustainability Assessment for Generation of Efficient Wastewater Treatment Networks

Water ◽

10.3390/w13091326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1326

Author(s):

Emmanuel A. Aboagye ◽

Sean M. Burnham ◽

James Dailey ◽

Rohan Zia ◽

Carley Tran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Systems Engineering ◽

Sustainability Assessment ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Mixed Integer ◽

Non Linear Programming ◽

Sustainability Analysis ◽

Sustainable Process Index ◽

The Cost

Due to population growth and economic development, there has been an increase in global wastewater (WW) generation footprint. There are different technologies associated with the wastewater treatment (WWT) process. The challenge is to select technologies that minimize the cost of treatment, as well as meet purity requirements. Further, there is a need to integrate sustainability analysis to facilitate a holistic decision. With the application of systems engineering, sustainable and cost-effective solutions can be achieved. In this work, we apply systems engineering to generate a sustainable and cost-effective solution. A superstructure was generated by categorizing technologies into four treatment stages. After modeling all functional equations for each technology, an optimization problem was formulated to determine the best path for the treatment process. Mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP), which implements a 0–1 binary integer constraint for active/inactive technologies at each stage was used. Sustainability analysis was performed for each representative case study (municipal and pharmaceutical WWT) using the sustainable process index (SPI). The total cost of municipal WWT is 1.92 USD/m3, while that for the pharmaceutical WWT is 3.44 USD/m3. With the treatment of WW, there is a reduction of over 90% ecological burden based on the SPI metric.

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Water Quality Management Options for a Downstream Transboundary River Basin - The Sajó River Case Study

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0507 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 40 (10) ◽

pp. 95-102

Author(s):

János Fehér ◽

István Galambos ◽

Zsuzsa Lehoczki

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Quality Management ◽

River Basin ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Water Quality Management ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Management Options ◽

Transboundary River Basin ◽

The Cost

Water quality management has been a priority in Hungary in the past decades. Focus was especially upon improving water supply and stimulating economic development. On 1st January 1996 new Law on General Regulations for Environmental Protection (No. 53/1995) and the Act on Water Management (No. 57/1995) came into force. These laws are framework laws providing objectives to the development of the legal instrumentation of environmental and water protection. These new regulations should reflect the transitional nature of Hungary and should stimulate and facilitate the use of the most cost-effective and efficient forms of water quality management. Furthermore the regulations should aim at harmonization with EC directives. To support the elaboration of the new regulations case studies were carried out in the frame of a EU PHARE financed project to give answers to several water quality management and economic questions, such as (a) the way in which water quality objectives can be set when dealing with transboundary loads and vulnerable groundwater resources; (b) how to address industries in sanitation; (c) how to formulate collection and treatment requirements in the case of a very sensitive surface water originating in a river basin with predominantly non-vulnerable groundwater resources; (d) the cost effective sanitation strategy; (e) the determination of permissible loads by using water quality models; and (f) how to allocate this load among pollution sources. The paper is gives an overview of the case study with the discussion of the conclusions.

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