scholarly journals Determining of The Onset Early Local Rainy and Dry seasons in Tea Plantation

Agrologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakarias Frans Mores Hukom

Efforts to increase the productivity and quality of tea shoots are strongly influenced by local climatic and weather conditions at each plantation location.  The existence of climate change globally causes climate change fluctuations and weather elements in almost all tea plantation locations in the world from year to year. Determination of the local climate at each tea plantation location is important in establishing a stable and sustainable production management program and the quality of tea shoots. The weather parameters used for the determination of the start of the local rainy season (AMH) and the start of the dry season (AMK) at the tea plantation location in Tritis hamlet are the amount of rainfall and basic rainy days determined by the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG).  Rainfall data and local dasarian days of rain for a period of one year were analyzed using subjective descriptive methods involving graphical analysis and spatial analysis. The results showed that the beginning of the rainy season (AMH) in Tritis tea plantation was included in scenario 4 where AMH occurred in October 3 with the amount of rainfall ˃ 50 mm and the number of rainy days ˃ 6 days while the beginning of the dry season occurred in May 2 with the amount of rainfall ˂ 50 mm and the number of rainy days ˂ 6 days.Key words:  AMH, AMK, Rainfall, Dasarian, Rainy Day, and Tea Plantation.

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Lilik Slamet Supriatin

ABSTRAKEmisi metana (CH4) dari pertanian padi lahan sawah dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor seperti cara pemberian air, pengolahan tanah, varietas padi, dan iklim. Pada penelitian ini dikaji tahap penentuan musim tanam, pemilihan varietas padi, dan tahap terakhir adalah teknik budidaya pertanian padi lahan sawah yang terkait mitigasi emisi CH4. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa musim tanam padi pada musim kemarau menghasilkan emisi CH4 lebih kecil daripada di musim hujan dengan pengurangan emisi CH4 sebesar 18,13%. Indonesia yang memiliki tiga tipe pola curah hujan tahunan (monsunal, equatorial, lokal) mengakibatkan periode musim tanam rendah emisi CH4 berbeda antara tipe curah hujan yang satu dengan lainnya. Varietas padi Way apo buru adalah varietas yang menghasilkan emisi CH4 terendah tetapi tetap optimum dalam produksi gabah sehingga dapat dipilih menjadi prioritas pertama untuk ditanam. Teknik budidaya pertanian padi lahan sawah yang menghasilkan rendah emisi CH4 dapat dilakukan dengan membuat genangan air yang dangkal saja, dengan cara pemberian air berselang, dan kombinasi antara pemeliharaan padi, ganggang, tanaman paku air, ikan air tawar, dan bakteri metanotrof dalam satu petak lahan sawah (mina padi plus). Pemberian air dengan cara berselang menurunkan emisi CH4 pada musim kemarau sebesar 59,36% dan pada musim hujan sebesar 51,68% jika dibandingkan dengan pemberian air secara terus-menerus (kontinyu). Teknik budidaya mina padi plus mengurangi emisi CH4 sebesar 21,5 kg/ha/musim tanam dan bakteri metanotrof mengurangi emisi CH4 ke atmosfer sebesar 20-60 Tg. Sawah dapat dijadikan sebagai instalasi terbuka pengolahan udara berlimbah CH4. ABSTRACTMethane (CH4) emissions from rice cultivation can be influenced by several factors i.e. the provision of water, soil cultivation, varieties of rice, and the climate. This study will examine the determination of the growing season, the selection of rice varieties and cultivation techniques of rice agriculture-related wetland mitigation of the CH4 emission. The results showed that the rice planting season in the dry season produces CH4 emissions is smaller than in the rainy season with CH4 emission reduction of 18.13%. Indonesia, which has three types of annual rainfall patterns resulting in periods of low growing season CH4 emissions differ between types of rainfall each other. Way apo buru rice species are varieties that produce low emissions of CH4 but remains optimum in grain production. Cultivation techniques of rice farming rice fields that produce low emissions of CH4 can be done by creating a pool of shallow water only, by way of provision of water intermittent, and the combination of maintenance of rice, algae, plants salviniales, freshwater fish, and bacteria metanotrof in a wetland. The provision of water by intermittent lowering emissions of CH4 in the dry season by 59.36% and in the rainy season amounted to 51.68% when compared to the provision of water continuously (continuous). Mina padi plus cultivation techniques reduce CH4 emissions by 21.5 kg/ha/planting and metanotrof bacteria can reduce CH4 emissions to the atmosphere by 20-60 Tg. 


Author(s):  
Maufidah Nazilatul Habibah ◽  
Mohammad Ansori

This research focused on the following things; a) How are the problems resulting from climate change to the quality of the environment and people in Kalikatir village? b) How are strategies in solving the problem of climate change through adaptation and mitigation efforts? c). What was the meaning of da’wah in this community organizing? Researchers used the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method along with Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques for data mining. The dynamics of community organizing included inculturation, knowing, understanding, planning, action, monev, reflection, and report. The results of the research showed that the local climate change presents various problems in the disaster of natural resources, food resistance, economy, and health sectors. Community organizing of people produced a "Farmer Group Learning Center", and also facilitated some access to the information, knowledge, and experience about climate change. Da’wah activities showed in this community organizing on the form of tathwir and tamkin which transformed the teaching of Islam through empowering the community of their human, social, economic, and environmental resources.


Author(s):  
Purwono Purwono ◽  
Wiharyanto Oktiawan ◽  
Titik Istirokhatun ◽  
Agus Nurfaiz

Corrosion is an important factor that can affect the quality of air used by humans. This has an impact on health and economic factors, damage to air distribution equipment. The level of corrosivity of surface water as raw water for drinking water is important to be examined before the water enters the processing process or other uses such as hydroelectric power (PLTA). This study aims to measure the level of water corrosivity on the surface of the Pening swamp during the dry and rainy seasons in 2018. Taking air samples on the surface of the Pening swamp, then carrying out laboratory tests on the parameters of air corrosivity. The results showed that the downstream surface of the Pening swamp was not corrosive in terms of pH, temperature, TDS, and chloride parameters. The pH value in the dry season (J1) is 7.00, while in the rainy (J2) it is 7.77 and is non-corrosive. The temperature values are 28.6oC and 29.3oC in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The TDS measurement results in the dry season are lower than the rainy season by a difference of 12 mg / l. In the dry season it is 141 mg / l and the rainy season is 153 mg / l. This increase probably came from geological material (geological material) such as rocks and soil around the Pening Swamp Lake. Other sources of TDS include urban land, road workers, agricultural land and pasture. Human activities also increase in the increase of TDS in water including domestic activities (bathing and washing), trade, and industry. Chloride levels were 2.19 mg / l and 3.19 mg / l. This research has implications for the users of Sungai Pening Swamp. The corrosivity of air measurement is also by microbiological parameters which need to be investigated further.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Le Thi Vinh ◽  
Nguyen Hong Thu ◽  
Pham Huu Tam ◽  
Le Trong Dung

The results of three surveys in the O Loan lagoon in the dry season (April 2013) and the rainy season (December 2012 and December 2014) showed that in the rainy season the average concentrations of nutrients in waters (ammonium: 76.8 μgN/l, nitrite: 13.9 μgN/l, nitrate: 55 μgN/l and silicate: 4021 μgSi/l) tended to be higher than those in the dry season (ammonium: 6.0 μgN/l, nitrite: 2.6 μgN/L, nitrate: 35 μgN/l and silicate: 1973 μgSi/l) while phosphate concentraiton did not differ between the two seasons with an average concentration of 66.8 μgP/l in rainy season and 60 μgP/L in dry season. By space, the concentrations of nutrients except nitrate in the lagoon, especially in the southern part, were usually higher than those in the canal connected to the sea. At O Loan lagoon waters, only ammonium (mainly in the southern part of the lagoon) and nitrate (mainly in the canal and southern part of the lagoon) concentrations were higher than the criteria values in the rainy season (December 2014) with pollution coefficient of about 1.2. However, the water quality of O Loan lagoon regarding nutrients always still needs to be monitored because from 1992 to the surveyed time, the concentrations of nutrients containing nitrogen and phosphate had the increasing trend in both seasons.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Irwansyah Nasution ◽  
Tumpal H.S. Siregar ◽  
Erwin Pane

This study examines the relationship of Climate Variables with Rubber Yield And Farmer Income In Three Subdistricts of Padang Lawas Utara.  This study aims to (1) to determine the effect of climate variable to rubber yield and, (2) To know the difference of farmer's income in rainy season and dry season. This research was conducted in March until May 2017. The result of research is climatic variable especially rainfall and rainy day very significant for influential  rubber yields in Three Subdistricts in Padang Lawas Utara. This may indicate that increasing rainfall amounts with higher rainy days cause a decrease in tapping days resulting in reduction of rubber productivity. There results also showed that farmers' income in rainy season difference in dry season whereas farmer income in dry season is higher than rainy season


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Kobina Dadzie Ephraim ◽  
Christopher Amey Asamoah ◽  
Albert Abaka-Yawson ◽  
Precious Kwablah Kwadzokpui ◽  
Samuel Adusei

Abstract Background Climate change is a significant threat to the health of the Ghanaian people. Evidence abounds in Ghana that temperatures in all the ecological zones are rising, whereas rainfall levels have been generally reducing and patterns are increasingly becoming erratic. The study estimated the impact of climate variation between seasons on biochemical markers of kidney disease. Methods This study conveniently recruited 50 apparently healthy peasant farmers and hawkers at Wa in the Upper West Region of Ghana. A pre-study screening for hepatitis A and C, Diabetes mellitus, hypertension was done. Serum creatinine and urea levels were analyzed to rule out kidney preexisting kidney disease. Baseline data was collected by estimating urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) as well as for hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) concentrations. Anthropometric data such as height, weight and blood pressure were measured by trained personnel. The study participants were closely followed and alerted deep in the dry season for the second sampling (urea, creatinine, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood pressure, anthropometry). Results This study recruited more males (58.82%) than females (41.15%), majority (52.92%) of which were aged 25–29 years with the youngest being 22 years and the eldest being 35 years. The study found body mass index (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.019), creatinine (p < 0.001), urea (p = 0.013) and eGFR (p < 0.001) to be significantly influenced by climate change. Stage 1 hypertension was predominant among the study participants during the dry season, 8 (15.69%) than was observed during the rainy season, 4 (7.84%) nonetheless the number of participants with normal BMI rose from 49.02% in the rainy season to 62.75% during the dry reason. Additionally, the study observed that the impact of climate change on systolic blood pressure and urea varied based on age and sex. Conclusion This study revealed that climatic changes cause variations in various biochemical parameters used to assess kidney function. Public health education on climatic changes and its implication including precautionary measures should be done among inhabitants of Wa and its environs to reduce its effect. Additionally, appropriate dietary patterns should also be advised to avoid the development of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and obesity that are known principal causes of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).


2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Thuy Hoang Luu Thu ◽  
Mui Tran Thi ◽  
Vu Vuong Van ◽  
Ly Pham Thi ◽  
Cuc Pham Thi

Assessment of the degree of meteorological drought in Dak Lak province is carried out using the SPI index and the water balance index K in the period 1985 - 2019. The results show that: According to the SPI index, drought tends to occur more at the time of transition from the dry season to the rainy season, during the rainy season, and from the time of transition from the rainy season to the dry season. The K-index in the period 1985 - 2019 showed there was a dry period at the beginning of the year from January to April. The anomalous drought factor plays a very important role because its large influence can cause damages, and allows assessing the variability of rainfall and the impact of climate change on the region. The study and evaluation of meteorological drought have practical significance, supporting managers in making policies on water resource management, ensuring sustainable economic and social development in the context of global climate change.


2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloisa Ortega-Vargas ◽  
Silvia López-Ortiz ◽  
Juan Andrés Burgueño-Ferreira ◽  
W. Bruce Campbell ◽  
Jesús Jarillo-Rodríguez

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice F. D. Dongho ◽  
Inocent Gouado ◽  
Lambert M. Sameza ◽  
Raymond S. Mouokeu ◽  
Adelaïde M. Demasse ◽  
...  

Crude palm oil (CPO) is an essential ingredient of Cameroonian recipes. However, its quality is subject to doubt, considering the very often inadequate conditions of extraction, conditioning, storage, and selling in the fast growing small holder sector or in the market. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of seasons and containers on the microbiologic, physicochemical quality and the carotenoids content of CPO sold in Douala. A total of 194 samples of CPO were randomly collected in seven markets among which: 95 during the rainy season and 99 during dry season; 93 from CPO contained in opened containers and 101 in closed containers. In these samples, aerobic count colony (ACC) load, total yeasts and moulds load, peroxide value (PV), free fatty acids content (FFA), impurity level and carotenoids content were assayed.The samples tested had ACC load of 4.48±1.86x105 CFU/ml, total yeasts and moulds load of 0.30±0.14x105 CFU/ml, PV of 1.81±0.74 meqO2/kg, FFA of 4.30±1.82%, impurity level of 0.34±0.16% and carotenoids content of 756.41±110.67 mg/l. Also, none of these parameters had varied according to the market. Moreover, among these parameters, PV and carotenoids content were not varied whatever CPO is sold during rainy or dry season, in open or closed containers while others parameters analysed were significantly (P<0.05) higher during dry season or when the CPO was contained in open containers. Consequently, traders should make efforts to avoid CPO contamination during the selling. They could package it first and store it in an adequate space particularly during dry season. 


2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Lind ◽  
Laura Dávalos-Lind ◽  
Carlos López ◽  
Martin López ◽  
Juli Dyble Bressie

<p>The phrase <em>cyanobacteria bloom</em> implies a transient condition in which one to few species dominates communities. In this paper we describe a condition in which the <em>bloom</em> is of multi-year duration consisting of different morphologies of a single cyanobacteria species. Lake Catemaco, Veracruz, México maintained a year-round massive (10<sup>8</sup> trichomes L<sup>-1</sup>) population of potentially toxin-producing cyanobacteria, <em>Cylindrospermopsis spp.</em> The trichomes are present as straight and coiled morphotypes.  The relative trichome morphology abundance varied with rainy (June – October) and dry seasons (November – May), but total trichome abundance did not vary.  Coiled trichomes and heterocytes (occurring only on coiled trichomes) were significantly more abundant, both absolutely and relatively, during the dry season. Both coiled trichome and heterocyte mean volumes were significantly smaller during the rainy season than during the dry season.  Biovolumes were largest in January when water temperature was 5º C cooler suggesting buoyancy as a morphology-determining factor. However, with a more than three-fold lower TIN concentration during the dry season, we hypothesized that the coiled morphotype became abundant primarily because it formed heterocytes, which the straight morphotype did not. Spatial trichome and heterocyte abundance differences were small among the 15 lake sites (average CV for all dates = 20%). However, there was a pattern of increased heterocyte and coiled trichome abundance from lake inflow, as a nitrogen source, to outflow during the rainy season. The total volume of heterocytes per litre of lake water increased progressively four-fold from a minimum early in the rainy season to a maximum at the end of the dry season. Morphological diversity, as seen in Lake Catemaco, can partially compensate for the lack of species diversity in determination of community structure.</p>


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