scholarly journals Penerimaan diri wanita hamil dengan HIV positif

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Anggie Pradana Putri ◽  
Adi Irawan AM ◽  
Marlene R Padua
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Therapy ◽  
Data Saturation ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
Women With Hiv ◽  
Self Acceptance

Background : Being HIV positive, someone will face psychological pressure such as depression, anxiety and other negative ones. Pregnant women with HIV positive face two challenges, to keep her pregnancy and struggle to fight with HIV. Self-acceptance of those two dimensions gives high challenges for pregnant women who are HIV positive. The aim of the study is to understand deeper and describe about the self-acceptance of pregnant women with HIV positive Method : This study used qualitative research method with phenomenology approach. The participants are the pregnant women with HIV positive with inclusion criteria as: 1) woman in reproductive age 18-40 years old, 2) confirmed pregnant, 3) natural born of Indonesia, 4) can expressed her-selves verbally. The data analyzed with Collaizi’s analysis of qualitative research. Results : Data saturation was reached on the seventh participant. From the qualitative data analysis, there are three themes under the phenomenon of self-acceptance of pregnant-women with HIV positive, such as internal negativism, internal acceptance, and ready to enhanced health status. Conclusion : The process of self acceptance of being pregnant and infected with HIV gives contribution on the continuity of antenatal care and HIV therapy in order to the improvement of quality of life. Self-denial depicts as disappoint, anxiety, unbelief, blame herself, isolate her self, become as consequences of the situation. But, due to the support from family and people around, makes the pregnant mothers with HIV positive try to accept and disclose about her status. So, it will give better self-acceptance of to improve her health

scholarly journals Perencanaan Memiliki Anak pada Wanita dengan HIV Positif di Kota Semarang

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Nastiti Bandari Pratiwi ◽  
Zahroh Shaluhiyah ◽  
Antono Suryoputro
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Women With Hiv ◽  
Fertile Women

Background: Pregnant women with HIV positive is potential risk to transmit the virus to their infants. Prevention Mother to Child Transmittion (PMTCT) program is a solution for HIV women if they want to have children. However, most pregnant women detected HIV positive when they have been pregnant for more than 6 months through Provider initiated test and counselling (PITC). On the other hand, the data shows that the increasing number of HIV positive women who have been willing to have children.  This research aims to identify and examine the factors influence the plan of having children among HIV-positive women who access HIV treatment in Kariadi Hospital Semarang. Method: This study employs a quantitative research design with cross sectional approach, followed by qualitative study to explore the feeling and attitudes of women with HIV positive to plan of having children. There were 31 women involved in this study, selected with the criteria of fertile women HIV positive who have been taking antiretroviral therapy in Kariadi Hospital and willing to participate in this study. Qualitative data collected from two women who has been planning to have children. Quantitative data were analyzed by univariate, Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression. Whilst, qualitative data employ content analysis.Results: There were 16% of women with HIV positive who have been intending to have children in this study. The rest have not planned it because they worried if their pregnancy and delivery could transmit HIV to their infants. CD4 cell count, ARV access and women’s attitudes have significant correlation to the intention of having children among women with HIV positive. Comprehensive information about PMTCT and ARV were needed to deliver to fertile women with HIV positive.

Subclinical tuberculosis and adverse infant outcomes in pregnant women with HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 681-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Rickman ◽  
S. Cohn ◽  
S. G. Lala ◽  
Z. Waja ◽  
N. Salazar-Austin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infant Outcomes ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
Women With Hiv ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maternal And Infant Outcomes

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) in pregnant women with HIV is associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Previous studies have described a substantial prevalence of subclinical TB in this group, but little is known about the impact of subclinical TB on maternal and pediatric outcomes.METHODS: The Tshepiso Study recruited 235 HIV-infected pregnant women with TB (and matched HIV-positive, TB-negative pregnant controls), in Soweto, South Africa, from 2011 to 2014. During enrolment screening, some women initially recruited as controls were subsequently diagnosed with prevalent TB. We therefore assessed the prevalence of subclinical TB, associated participant characteristics and outcomes.RESULTS: Of 162 women initially recruited as TB-negative controls, seven (4.3%) were found to have TB on sputum culture. All seven had negative WHO symptom screens, and six (86%) were smear-negative. Of their seven infants, one was diagnosed with TB, and three (43%) experienced complications compared to zero infants with TB and 11% experiencing complications in the control group of TB-negative mothers (P = 0.045).CONCLUSION: We discovered an appreciable prevalence of subclinical TB in HIV-infected pregnant women in Soweto, which had not been detected by screening algorithms based solely on symptoms. Infants of HIV-infected mothers with subclinical TB appear to have a higher risk of adverse outcomes than those of TB-negative mothers.

scholarly journals Determinan Perilaku Tes Hiv pada Ibu Hamil di Kota Padang Tahun 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Hamidatul Yuni ◽  
Melia Andika
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
The City

<p><em>Women are a population prone to contracting and transmitting, the number of women suffering from HIV as much as 36.4%. In 2017 as many as 73 new cases of HIV positive women in the city of Padang, almost half were women of reproductive age, including 2 cases of HIV positive pregnant women. Integrated antenal service for pregnant women, one of which is by carrying out laboratory tests of HIV testing that are required for all pregnant women. Padang City has 20 HIV counseling and testing services and 18 of them are Public Health Care. The purpose of this study was to determine of HIV test behavior in pregnant women viewed from the level of knowledge, patients' perceptions of HIV, social and psychological support of patients. Research with a quantitative approach with cross sectional design, conducted in several Padang city health centers with the lowest coverage of HIV testing in pregnant women in the city of Padang. The sample of the study was 100 pregnant women who visited the Public Health Care in May 2019. The research instrument by the questionnaire method. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate and multivariate. The results showed there was social support is the most dominant variable influencing HIV testing in pregnant women.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em>Perempuan merupakan populasi rawan tertular dan menularkan, </em><em>j</em><em>umlah perempuan yang menderita HIV sebanyak</em><em> 36,4</em><em>% . </em><em>Tahun 2017 sebanyak 73 kasus baru wanita positif HIV di Kota Padang, hampir separoh merupakan wanita usia reproduksi, diantaranya 2 kasus ibu hamil positif HIV. </em><em>Layanan antenal terpadu pada ibu hamil salah satunya dengan melaksanakan pemeriksaan laboratorium tes HIV</em><em> yang </em><em>diwajibkan bagi seluruh Ibu hamil. </em><em>Kota Padang memiliki layanan konseling dan tes HIV sebanyak 20 dan 18 diantaranya adalah puskesmas</em><em>. </em><em>Tujuan penelitian ini Untuk mengetahui determinan perilaku tes HIV pada Ibu hamil di</em><em>lihat dari tingkat pengetahuan, persepsi pasien terhadap HIV, dukungan sosial dan psikologis pasien</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>Penelitian</em><em> </em><em>dengan</em><em> </em><em>p</em><em>e</em><em>ndekatan kuantitatif </em><em>dengan desain </em><em>cross sectional, yang dilakukan di beberapa puskesmas kota Padang dengan cakupan pemeriksaan HIV terendah pada Ibu hamil  di Kota Padang. Sampel penelitian adalah Ibu hamil yang berkunjung ke puskesmas pada bulan Mei 2019 sebanyak 100 orang. Instrumen penelitian dikumpulkan dengan metode angket. Analisis data menggunakan univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Dukungan sosial merupakan variabel yang paling dominan mempengaruhi pemeriksaan HIV pada Ibu hamil.</em></p>

scholarly journals Low Proportion of Women who came knowing their HIV Status at First Antenatal Care Visit, Uganda, 2012-2016: A Descriptive Analysis of Surveillance Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Nakanwagi ◽  
Lilian Bulage ◽  
Benon Kwesiga ◽  
Alex Riolexus Ario ◽  
Doreen Agasha Birungi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Result

Abstract Background: HIV testing is the cornerstone for HIV care and support services, including Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Knowledge of HIV status is associated with better reproductive health choices and outcomes for the infant’s HIV status. We analyzed trends in known current HIV status among pregnant women attending the first antenatal care (ANC) visit in Uganda, 2012-2016. Methods: We conducted secondary data analysis using District Health Information Software2 data on all pregnant women who came for ANC visit during 2012-2016. Women who brought documented HIV negative test result within the previous four weeks at the first ANC visit or an HIV positive test result and/or own HIV care card were considered as knowing their HIV status. We calculated proportions of women with known current HIV status at first ANC visit, and described linear trends both nationally and regionally. We tested statistical significance of the trend using modified Poisson regression with generalized linear models. For known HIV positive status, we only analyzed data for years 2015-2016 because this is when this data became available. Results: There was no significant difference in the number of women that attended first ANC visits over years 2012-2016. The proportion of women that came with known HIV status increased from 4.4% in 2012 to 6.9% in 2016 and this increase was statistically significant (p<0.001). Most regions had an increase in trend except the West Nile and Mid-Eastern (p<0.001). The proportion of women that came knowing their HIV positive status at first ANC visit was slightly higher than that of women that were newly tested HIV positive at first ANC visit in 2015 and 2016. Conclusion: Although the gap in women that come at first ANC visit without knowing their HIV positive status might be reducing, a large proportion of women who were infected with HIV did not know their status before the first ANC visit indicating a major public health gap. We recommend advocacy for early ANC attendance and hence timely HIV testing and innovations to promptly identify HIV positive women of reproductive age so that timely PMTCT interventions can be made.

scholarly journals Hematological parameters of human immunodeficiency virus positive pregnant women on antiretroviral therapy in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano, North Western Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 060-063
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Abdulqadir ◽  
Sagir Gumel Ahmed ◽  
Aisha Gwarzo Kuliya ◽  
Jamilu Tukur ◽  
Aminu Abba Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract CONTEXT: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) scourge continues to affect young women within the reproductive age group and pregnancy is a recognized indication for the use antiretroviral (ARV) drugs among HIV-positive women. AIMS: The aim is to determine the combined effect of pregnancy, HIV and ARV drugs on the hematological parameters of the pregnant women. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted among 70 each of HIV-positive and negative pregnant women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Bio-demographic and clinical data were extracted from the client folder and 4 ml of blood sample was obtained from each participant. Full blood count was generated using Swelab automatic hematology analyzer while reticulocyte count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were conducted manually. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data analysis was performed using SPSS version software 16 while P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Pregnant women with HIV had statistically significant lower hematocrit and white blood cell (WBC) and higher ESR than pregnant women without HIV (P < 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of platelet and reticulocyte (P > 0.05). However, among HIV positive pregnant women, those with CD4 count <350/μL had statistically significant lower WBC and lymphocyte count than those with CD4 count ≥350/μL (P < 0.05), whereas, those on zidovudine (AZT)-containing treatment had statistically significant lower hematocrit and higher mean cell volume than those on non-AZT-containing treatment (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in any of the hematological parameters (P > 0.050) between women on first- and second-line ARV regimens. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant difference in terms of hematological parameters between HIV-positive and HIV-negative pregnant women in this environment.

Inadequate Dietary Intakes: Among Pregnant Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Fowler ◽  
Susan E. Evers ◽  
M. Karen Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Prenatal Health ◽  
Canadian City ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Health Project

Purpose: Eating behaviours were assessed among pregnant women in a mid-sized Canadian city. Methods: As part of the Prenatal Health Project, we interviewed 2313 pregnant women in London, Ontario. Subjects also completed a food frequency questionnaire. Recruitment took place in ultrasound clinics at 10 to 22 weeks of gestation. The main outcome measures were number of daily servings for each food group, measured against the minimum number recommended by the 2007 Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide (CFG), the proportion of women consuming the recommended number of servings for each and all of the four food groups, and factors associated with adequate consumption. We also determined the number of servings of “other foods.” Analysis included descriptive statistics and logistic regression, all at p<0.05. Results: A total of 3.5% of women consumed the recommended number of servings for all four food groups; 15.3% did not consume the minimum number of servings of foods for any of the four food groups. Women for whom this was their first pregnancy were less likely to consume the recommended number of servings from all four food groups (odds ratio=0.41; confidence interval=0.23, 0.74). Conclusions: Very few pregnant women consumed food group servings consistent with the 2007 recommendations. Strategies to improve dietary behaviours must focus on the establishment of healthy eating behaviours among women of reproductive age.

scholarly journals ACE2, TMPRSS2 and L-SIGN expression in placentae from HIV-positive pregnancies exposed to antiretroviral therapy–implications for SARS-CoV-2 placental infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smriti Kala ◽  
Ksenia Meteleva ◽  
Lena Serghides
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Entry Receptor ◽  
Lower Expression ◽  
Human Placentae

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 binding receptor ACE2 and the spike protein priming protease TMPRSS2 are co-expressed in human placentae. It is unknown whether their expression is altered in the context of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods We compared mRNA levels of SARS-CoV-2 cell-entry mediators ACE2, TMPRSS2 and L-SIGN (an alternative entry receptor) by qPCR in 105 placentae: 45 from pregnant women with HIV (WHIV) exposed to protease inhibitor (PI)-based ART, 17 from WHIV on non-PI-based ART, and 43 from HIV-uninfected women. Results ACE2 levels were lower, while L-SIGN levels were higher in placentae from WHIV on PI-based ART as compared to those on non-PI-based ART and to HIV-uninfected women. TMPRSS2 levels were similar between groups. Black race was significantly associated with lower expression of ACE2 and higher expression of L-SIGN. ACE2 levels were significantly higher in placentae of female fetuses. Discussion We have identified pregnant women of Black race and WHIV who are on PI-based ART to have relatively lower expression of placental ACE2 than those of White race and HIV-uninfected women. This effect may potentially contribute to altered susceptibility to COVID-19 in these women, either favorably; by reduced viral entry, or detrimentally; by loss of ACE2 protection against hyperinflammation.

scholarly journals High burden of anemia among pregnant women in Tanzania: a call to address its determinants

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno F. Sunguya ◽  
Yue Ge ◽  
Linda Mlunde ◽  
Rose Mpembeni ◽  
Germana Leyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Anemia In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Anemia in pregnancy is behind a significant burden of maternal mortality and poor birth outcomes globally. Efforts to address it need evidence on trends and its pertinent factors as they vary from one area to another. Methods We pooled data of 23,203 women of reproductive age whose hemoglobin levels were measured from two Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHS). Of them, 2,194 women were pregnant. Analyses employed descriptive analyses to determine the burden of anemia, its characteristics, and severity; GIS mapping to determine the regional changes of anemia between 2005 and 2015; and logistic regression to determine the remaining determinants of anemia among pregnant women using Stata 15. Results The burden of anemia among pregnant women in Tanzania has remained unprecedently high, and varies between regions. There was no significant decline of anemia in general between the two periods after adjusting for individual, households, reproductive, and child characteristics [AOR = 0.964, 95% CI = 0.774–1.202, p = 0.747). Anemia is currently prevalent in 57% of pregnant women in Tanzania. The prevalence is more likely to be higher among women aged 15–19 years than those aged between 20–34 years. It is more likely to be prevalent among those within large families, with no formal education, food insecurity, lack of health insurance, had no antimalaria during pregnancy, and had low frequency of ANC attendance. On the other hand, delivery in a health facility may be potentially protective against anemia. Conclusions Anemia in pregnancy remained persistently high and prevalent among 57% of pregnant women in Tanzania. Efforts to address anemia are crucial and need to be focused in regions with increasing burden of anemia among pregnant women. It is imperative to address important risk factors such as food insecurity, strengthening universal health coverage, empowering women of reproductive age with education and especially nutritional knowledge and advocating for early antenatal booking, attendance, and facility delivery.

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