scholarly journals Messages in Conflict: Examining Leadership Communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the U.S.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-516
Author(s):  
Deborah Sellnow-Richmond ◽  
Marta\ Lukacovic ◽  
Scott Sellnow-Richmond ◽  
Lynzee Kraushaar
Keyword(s):  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Leadership Communication ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Important Time ◽  
Perceptions Of Leadership ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

One year into the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. had lost over a half million lives to the virus. Organizations had to shift the way they operated, requiring effective communication to help employees transition. This study examines two important time periods during the pandemic: early May, just after stay-at-home orders began to be lifted, and late November, as infection rates soared. This study quantitatively examines the role of perceived severity, organizational trust, reputation, and credibility on participants employed during the pandemic expectations of leadership at the organizational, state, and federal levels. Then, participants were interviewed to understand perceptions of leadership. Results illustrate the relationship between perceived severity of the threat and trust in leadership and uncertainty about mitigation measures from state and federal levels.

Board of Director Characteristics, Institutional Ownership, and Fraud: Evidence from Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vineeta D. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Research Evidence ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Board Of Director ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Director Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

Due to the high incidence of fraud in Australia, regulatory reports suggest strengthening the monitoring role of the board of directors (BOD). These reports recommend greater independence and no duality (chairperson of the BOD should not be the CEO) on the BOD. While there is no Australian evidence, research evidence in the U.S. supports these suggested reforms. It is not clear whether the research evidence observed in the U.S. will generalize to the Australian setting because of contextual differences. This study extends the U.S. findings to the Australian context and investigates the relationship between two attributes of the BOD, independence and duality, and fraud. In addition, I examine whether institutional ownership plays a role in the context of fraud. The more highly concentrated institutional ownership in Australia suggests the presence of some relationship. Using a matched sample of fraud and no-fraud firms from 1988–2000, I find that as the percentage of independent directors and the percentage of independent institutional ownership increases, the likelihood of fraud decreases. As expected, the results show a positive relationship between duality and the likelihood of fraud. These results support the call for strengthening the composition and structure of the BOD in Australia.

The Influence of Charismatic Leadership Communication Towards the Credibility of Public Organisation in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-426
Author(s):  
Jamilah Jamal ◽  
◽  
Hassan Abu Bakar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Charismatic Leadership ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Leadership Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Organisation ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Source Of Information

The credibility of public organisation as the source of information often receives negative intuition and misinterpretation from the public at large. Since credibility of public organisation is very much related to public trust, scholars have focused on antecedents of organisational credibility such as leadership constructs to restore trust and confidence among the public. Yet not much research has investigated the role of charismatic leadership communication in building and establishing organisational credibility of the public organisation. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between charismatic leadership communication and the influence of its three dimensions (task oriented, enthusiasm and empathy) with organisational credibility of public organisation in Malaysia. This study employed a quantitative approach to measure participants' perception on their organisational leadership communication and credibility. A total of 368 public organisation employees which were selected through stratified random sampling participated in the survey. The hypothesis of this study was tested using Pearson correlation to examine the relationship between the constructs, whereas multiple regression was used to examine the variance of each dimension of charismatic leadership communication on organisational credibility. The finding reveals that there is a significant relationship between charismatic leadership communication and public organisation credibility, while task-oriented communication appears to be the most significant dimension influencing the credibility of Malaysia public organisation. The implication of the study suggested that public organisational credibility is influenced by the way the information was delivered by the organisation through its charismatic leaders. Theoretical and practical contributions were advanced in this study. Keywords: Charismatic leadership communication, empathy, enthusiasm, task-related communication, organizational credibility.

Personal Resources Influence Job Demands, Resources, and Burnout: A One-year, Three-wave Longitudinal Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yansong Wang ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
Xuqun You
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Job Burnout ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Job Demands And Resources

Our purpose in this 1-year, 3-wave longitudinal study was to investigate the relationships among job demands, job resources, personal resources, and job burnout in a group of 263 Chinese employees. Specifically, we examined the mediating role of personal resources in the relationships between job resources and job burnout, and between job demands and job burnout, as well as the reversed effect of job burnout on job demands and job resources. The results showed that job demands positively affected job burnout, whereas job and personal resources negatively affected job burnout over a 6-month period. Further, personal resources mediated the relationship between job resources and job burnout, but not that between job demands and job burnout. In addition, job burnout had a reversed effect on job demands and job resources. Implications are discussed in relation to balancing job demands and resources, and avoiding job burnout by utilizing personal resources.

scholarly journals The Will and Authority of the Security Council after Iraq

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIGEL D. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Corporate Body ◽  
Executive Action ◽  
The Will ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq

One year after the invasion of Iraq, what lessons are to be drawn about the role of the Security Council in peace and security? This article looks at the issue by considering the nature of the Security Council in its dual functions as a forum for diplomacy and a corporate body for executive action. The idea of the Security Council's possessing a separate will in its executive function is developed. The article stresses the importance for the authority of the Council of that organ expressing its will within the legal parameters of the Charter and international law. It is argued that similar legal parameters are also applicable to the permanent members in exercising their power of veto and in interpreting resolutions. Further, when interpreting resolutions member states should not misconstrue the will of the Council. The Iraq crisis of 2003 raised all these issues and, further, necessitated a reappraisal of the rules of international law governing the use of force. This article considers the relationship between diminution in Council authority and erosion of the rules of the UN Charter governing the threat or use of force in international relations.

scholarly journals The role of lambs in louping-ill virus amplification

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. LAURENSON ◽  
R. NORMAN ◽  
H. W. REID ◽  
I. POW ◽  
D. NEWBORN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Louping Ill ◽  
Hill Farming ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Colostral Antibody

In some areas of Scotland, the prevalence of louping-ill virus has not decreased despite the vaccination of replacement ewes for over 30 years. The role of unvaccinated lambs in viral persistence was examined through a combination of an empirical study of infection rates of lambs and mathematical modelling. Serological sampling revealed that most lambs were protected by colostral immunity at turnout in May/June but were fully susceptible by the end of September. Between 8 and 83% of lambs were infected over the first season, with seroconversion rates greater in late rather than early summer. The proportion of lambs that could have amplified the louping-ill virus was low, however, because high initial titres of colostral antibody on farms with a high force of infection gave protection for several months. A simple mathematical model suggested that the relationship between the force of infection and the percentage of lambs that became viraemic was not linear and that the maximum percentage of viraemic lambs occurred at moderately high infection rates. Examination of the conditions required for louping-ill persistence suggested that the virus could theoretically persist in a sheep flock with over 370 lambs, if the grazing season was longer than 130 days. In practice, however, lamb viraemia is not a general explanation for louping-ill virus persistence as these conditions are not met in most management systems and because the widespread use of acaracides in most tick-affected hill farming systems reduces the number of ticks feeding successfully.

scholarly journals Lower State COVID-19 Deaths and Cases with Earlier School Closure in the U.S.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Rauscher
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Lower State ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

This study quantifies the relationship between school closure timing and COVID-19 deaths and cases in the general population in all U.S. states. COVID-19 has higher symptomatic infection rates among the elderly, suggesting school closures could be unrelated to transmission. However, predicting daily cumulative COVID-19 deaths by state, earlier school closure is related to fewer deaths per capita and slower growth in deaths per capita. Results are similar for COVID-19 cases per capita.

scholarly journals Liking the sound of their own voices: A case of TV anchors and their shows

2019 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Shehzad ◽  
Dr Muhammad Zaman ◽  
Shane Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Talk Shows ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Percent Time ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this research paper was to tap the role of anchorpersons of talk shows in promotion of media agenda and shaping political reality through measuring correspondence between time consumed by the anchorpersons and panel of experts. For the purpose, systematic random sampling technique has been used to select prime time talk shows of Geo News for one year. On the basis of wide coverage, three issues memo gate, law and order and corruption were selected to gauge the relationship between the variables. The results show a significant correlation between slant for the issues and time consumed by the anchors has been observed on all the three issues. The results showed that more the time grabbed by anchorpersons, more the programs remained in unfavorable state towards government. The results also revealed that 71% of total talk shows’ time was grabbed by the anchorpersons while panel of experts allotted 29% percent time in the issues. Anchorpersons remained unfavorable and biased in its deliberations towards government to a great extent by snatching the maximum time of the programs for molding the public opinion in a certain direction.

scholarly journals The role of pregnancy acceptability in maternal mental health and bonding during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine McNamara ◽  
Alixandra Risi ◽  
Amy L. Bird ◽  
Michelle L. Townsend ◽  
Jane S. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Moderation Model ◽  
Important Time ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Pregnancy is an important time for women’s mental health and marks the foundations of the emerging bond between mother and baby. This study aimed to investigate the role of pregnancy acceptability and intendedness in maternal mental health and bonding during pregnancy. Methods Data were collected from a sample of 116 Australian pregnant women through a series of self-report questionnaires pertaining to mental health and antenatal bonding. Results Women with low pregnancy acceptability reported higher depression, anxiety and total distress, and lower antenatal bonding, physical and environmental quality of life. Women who reported their pregnancy was intended reported higher physical quality of life than those who reported their pregnancy was unintended. The relationship between total distress and antenatal bonding was moderated by women’s degree of pregnancy acceptability (low versus high). For women with low acceptability, higher distress was associated with lower bonding, but there was no such association for women with high pregnancy acceptability. The moderation model examining associations between distress and pregnancy acceptability explained 15% of the variance in antenatal bonding scores. Conclusion Consideration of women’s appraisal of their pregnancy acceptability may provide a valuable framework for identifying individuals who may be at risk for mental health and bonding difficulties.

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