scholarly journals Religious dietary rules and the protection of religious freedom: some evidence from practice in Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 181-200
Author(s):  
Miriam Abu Salem
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Spaces ◽  
The Real ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Muslim Communities

In the Italian system freedom of worship provided by the Constitution is safeguarded by unilateral and contractual norms, sanctioned for minority confessions by an agreement, named intesa, that also concerns dietary issues. Muslim communities, however, as they have no intesa with the Italian state, are always compelled to negotiate in respect of their religious norms. Religious freedom concerns- not only ritual acts, but also behaviours including dietary ones, which are based on religious beliefs. The aim of this paper is to critically reconstruct how Italy takes charge of religiously-motivated needs concerning food and beverages, both for those confessions holding an intesa (such as Hebraism) and for those not (Islam), in order to trace the real degree to which freedom of worship is guaranteed in Italy. The analysis will be focused on the bargaining for religious dietary rules in schools and in constraining institutes, as they are main social spaces of confrontation between believers and the state. 

scholarly journals "Secondary" myth in the context of doctrinal foundations of non-traditional religions and occult-mystical groups: the evolution of relationships in postmodern culture

2006 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
A.T. Schedrin
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
The Real ◽  
Radical Reform ◽  
Traditional Religions ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Mind

Philosophical and anthropological explorations of the state of modern culture testify to its crisis nature, connected with the acceleration of the processes of radical change of civilizational type of development. The need for a radical reform of the foundations of the future existence of society becomes evident. Lack of understanding of the real means of such reformation leads to the total disregard for the possibilities of the mind. One of its manifestations is the rapid growth of new and unconventional religions and occult-mystical currents; significant revival of the "secondary" myth-making (in particular, naturalistic, socio-technical); the spread of quasi-religious beliefs and infidelities; overall growth of mystical moods. The study of this aspect of the crisis of modern civilization is an urgent philosophical, religious, cultural and cultural problem.

Majelis Ulama Indonesia and pluralism in Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syafiq Hasyim
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
The State ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Islamic Belief

This article highlights the role of Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI, the Council of Indonesian Ulama) in making anti-pluralism discourse and practice which are evident in its fatwa on belief (Arabic: ‘aqīda). It begins with the explanation of MUI which in the first three decades of its establishment was a fatwa body that supported pluralism, but since the downfall of the authoritarian Suharto regime in 1998, has changed its position from supporter to detractor of pluralism. This article argues that the institutionalization of anti- pluralism discourse through the MUI fatwa creates complexity especially because Indonesia contains the idea of pluralism (respecting cultural and religious diversity) in its constitution. The situation becomes more complex when the state and also Muslim organizations strengthen the position of MUI in monopolizing fatwa-making on ‘aqīda issues. The monopolization of fatwa on Islamic belief issues creates such a negative impact for religious freedom in Indonesia due to its fundamental characteristics that allow only a single judgment for the Muslim communities in understanding and interpreting their Islamic belief. Finally this article concludes the importance of Indonesia for protecting pluralism for maintaining the diversity of cultures and religions in this country.

Sharing lives, shaping values, and voluntary civic education

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyn Fives
Keyword(s):  
Civic Education ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
The State ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Opt Out

When we consider civic education, we are led to ask whether parents have a right to share a way of life with their children and whether the State may justifiably shape the values of its future citizens. And when we try to answer these questions, we may on occasion have to deal with tensions and conflicts between respecting diversity and protecting adults’ rights to religious freedom, promoting the autonomy of the adults children will one day, and protecting the liberty of children. It is indeed the case that parents should not be permitted to sacrifice their children’s future autonomy for the sake of their (the parents’) religious beliefs, and nor should children’s license be permitted to undermine the project of education itself. But nonetheless, there are cases where we should accept some sacrifices in respect of future autonomy so as to better protect the liberty of children or their parents. For instance, in some cases we should allow children greater freedom to influence the design and delivery of civic education classes and to opt out of certain aspects of those programmes, if in doing so we guarantee gains in children’s liberty; and we should allow parents to remove their children from civic education classes, for short periods, and so as to engage in religious ceremonies, so as to respect diversity and protect parents’ right to liberty.

scholarly journals The Right to Family Life and Religious Freedom Versus the States‘ Interests

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Bianca-Codruța Băra
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
The State ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Jehovah’S Witnesses ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Jehovah's Witnesses ◽  
The Right

Abstract The right to family life and religious freedom rejoice an universal recognition. The right to family life involves the prerogative of exercising parental authority in accordance with the religious beliefs of the parents. The right of parents to decide on behalf of their children is not an absolute one. Interference by the states must justify a legitimate aim and must be proportionate to that purpose. The states have to maintain a balance between the right to family life and religious freedom and its interests in safeguarding the lives and health of its citizens. The difficulty of maintaining this balance was also found in the jurisprudence of the courts. The most common cases arose as a result of the refusal of parents who belonged to the Jehovah's Witnesses religion to allow blood to be transfused for their children, risking their lives. Although the courts have explicitly recognized the right of parents to raise their children in accordance with their beliefs, they have shown that rescuing life and ensuring the physical and mental integrity of children are issues of national concern, so that the rapid intervention of public authorities, when these values are jeopardized, becomes not only a right of the state but also an obligation

Religious Freedom and the Reasons for Rights

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Brettschneider
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
The State ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
Public Justification ◽  
State Transformation ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter focuses on the freedom of religion. On some accounts of religious freedom, religious beliefs deserve a presumptive protection from state influence. The chapter argues against such “static” views of religious freedom, and claims that rights should not entail the absence of public justification. Not only are some religious beliefs publicly relevant, but the state should seek to transform them through its persuasive capacity. In making this argument, the chapter appeals to the ideal of religious freedom itself. Some religious conceptions are at odds with the ideal of religious freedom—suggesting that religious freedom itself requires an account of the public relevance of hateful religious beliefs and a role for state transformation in the realm of religion.

scholarly journals Hope for Religious Freedom for All in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
BOB FU
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Square ◽  
Theological Foundation

What theological foundation can best procure, promote, and protect religious freedom for all? If obstacles to securing the peaceful public manifestation of religious faith in the context of the diverse worldviews in the “public square” depend on the state, however, what is next? In China, the Communist Party routinely uses persecution and other tyrannical tactics to eliminate the expression of religious beliefs, making religious freedom appear out of reach. Nevertheless, research projects the demise of communism in China and increased Christianization and democratization. If this transition takes place, a contextualization of principled pluralism, baorong duoyuan, offers the best theoretical, practical foundation for religious freedom for all faiths in China’s future. KEYWORDS: Religious freedom, persecution, China, principled pluralism, communism, Christianization, baorong duoyuan

Chasing Angels: The Sweet Wine Angelica

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
hank shaw
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Real ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Sweet Wine ◽  
Made In

Portugal has port, Spain has sherry, Sicily has Marsala –– and California has angelica. Angelica is California's original wine: The intensely sweet, fortified dessert cordial has been made in the state for more than two centuries –– primarily made from Mission grapes, first brought to California by the Spanish friars. Angelica was once drunk in vast quantities, but now fewer than a dozen vintners make angelica today. These holdouts from an earlier age are each following a personal quest for the real. For unlike port and sherry, which have strict rules about their production, angelica never gelled into something so distinct that connoisseurs can say, ““This is angelica. This is not.”” This piece looks at the history of the drink, its foggy origins in the Mission period and on through angelica's heyday and down to its degeneration into a staple of the back-alley wino set. Several current vintners are profiled, and they suggest an uncertain future for this cordial.

Insubstantial Burdens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Vallier ◽  
Michael Weber
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Religious Freedom Restoration Act ◽  
The Government ◽  
A Minor

This chapter articulates and defends a “partially subjectivist” way of defining burdens on religious belief under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA). On this view, courts should largely defer to plaintiffs as to what is a burden on their religious belief. There is only a minor requirement that the plaintiffs have to satisfy, which is to show that the government is doing something that pressures them to act in a way contrary to their beliefs—a relatively easy hurdle to clear. In general, courts are ill-equipped to determine what people’s religious beliefs really are, and this extends to determining when those beliefs are substantially burdened. More strongly, there is a tradition that says evaluating when people’s religious beliefs are burdened is really none of the court’s business. The partially subjectivist view honors these principles.

Reconciling state promises and practices: Constitutional promises and discrimination against religious minorities

2021 ◽  
pp. 003776862110123
Author(s):  
Roger Finke ◽  
Dane R Mataic
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Minority Religions ◽  
Independent Judiciary ◽  
Poor Predictor

Research on religious freedom has found a vast chasm between constitutional promises and state practices, with constitutional promises being a poor predictor of the state’s support of religious freedom. This research changes the focus from religious freedom to religious equality. We propose that constitutional promises of religious equality will be associated with less discrimination against minority religions and we explore the relationships governance and the promises of religious equality hold with religious discrimination. We find that promises of religious equality are associated with less discrimination. When exploring the interactions between promises of equality and our governance measures, we find constitutional promises of religious equality largely erase the differences in religious discrimination between countries with and without free elections and an independent judiciary. Yet, the reduced discrimination against minority religions does not suggest that the state removes restrictions on minority religions, only that they are equal with other religions.

scholarly journals Single-Satellite Integrated Navigation Algorithm Based on Broadband LEO Constellation Communication Links

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Lvyang Ye ◽  
Yikang Yang ◽  
Xiaolun Jing ◽  
Jiangang Ma ◽  
Lingyu Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
The State ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Integrated Navigation ◽  
Location Services ◽  
The Real ◽  
Navigation Algorithm ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Leo Satellite

With the rapid development of satellite technology and the need to satisfy the increasing demand for location-based services, in challenging environments such as indoors, forests, and canyons, there is an urgent need to improve the position accuracy in these environments. However, traditional algorithms obtain the position solution through time redundancy in exchange for spatial redundancy, and they require continuous observations that cannot satisfy the real-time location services. In addition, they must also consider the clock bias between the satellite and receiver. Therefore, in this paper, we provide a single-satellite integrated navigation algorithm based on the elimination of clock bias for broadband low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication links. First, we derive the principle of LEO satellite communication link clock bias elimination; then, we give the principle and process of the algorithm. Next, we model and analyze the error of the system. Subsequently, based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), we model the state vector and observation vector of our algorithm and give the state and observation equations. Finally, for different scenarios, we conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis through simulations, and the results show that, whether in an altimeter scenario or non-altimeter scenario, the performance indicators of our algorithm are significantly better than the inertial navigation system (INS), which can effectively overcome the divergence problem of INS; compared with the medium earth orbit (MEO) constellation, the navigation trajectory under the LEO constellation is closer to the real trajectory of the aircraft; and compared with the traditional algorithm, the accuracy of each item is improved by more than 95%. These results show that our algorithm not only significantly improves the position error, but also effectively suppresses the divergence of INS. The algorithm is more robust and can satisfy the requirements of cm-level real-time location services in challenging environments.

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