scholarly journals Twice American: Hispanic Writers in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Lunardi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Political Stance ◽  
Latin American Intellectuals

Taking as a starting point the most traditional experience of exile, this paper encourages a debate about the expatriation experience that has affected many Latin American intellectuals residing in and producing their works in the United States of America. Most have decided to write in Spanish in a country that, according to the dominant narrative, is based on a pluralist and tolerant society. But racism and discrimination are still rooted there, and all those who do not ‘belong’ are literally treated as ‘aliens’, especially if they are part of the Latino/Hispano community. This study aims to emphasise the cultural and literary impact that this wave of transnational and extraterritorial writers may have in the future. Moreover, it highlights the use of Spanish language as a political stance in a context which, in a not-so-distant future, will be increasingly influenced by Spanish-speaking people, who are still wrongly considered a minority.

scholarly journals Drug prices in Latin American countries: the case of rheumatoid arthritis Biosimilars

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Bittencourt Gonzalez Mosegui ◽  
Fernando Antõnanzas ◽  
Cid Manso de Mello Vianna ◽  
Paula Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Drug Prices ◽  
The Us ◽  
Latin American Countries

Abstract Background The objective of this paper is to analyze the prices of biological drugs in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in three Latin American countries (Brazil, Colombia and Mexico), as well as in Spain and the United States of America (US), from the point of market entry of biosimilars. Methods We analyzed products authorized for commercialization in the last 20 years, in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico, comparing them to the United States of America (USA) and Spain. For this analysis, we sought the prices and registries of drugs marketed between 1999 and October 1, 2019, in the regulatory agencies’ databases. The pricing between countries was based on purchasing power parity (PPP). Results The US authorized the commercialization of 13 distinct biologicals and four biosimilars in the period. Spain and Brazil marketed 14 biopharmaceuticals for RA, ten original, four biosimilars. Colombia and Mexico have authorized three biosimilars in addition to the ten biological ones. For biological drug prices, the US is the most expensive country. Spain’s price behavior seems intermediate when compared to the three LA countries. Brazil has the highest LA prices, followed by Mexico and Colombia, which has the lowest prices. Spain has the lowest values in PPP, compared to LA countries, while the US has the highest prices. Conclusion The economic effort that LA countries make to access these medicines is much higher than the US and Spain. The use of the PPP ensured a better understanding of the actual access to these inputs in the countries analyzed.

Univision, Telemundo, and the Rise of Spanish-Language Television in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Allen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
American Society ◽  
The U.S

The first completely researched history of U.S. Spanish-language television traces the rise of two foremost, if widely unrecognized, modern American enterprises—the Spanish-language networks Univision and Telemundo. It is a standard scholarly history constructed from archives, original interviews, reportage, and other public materials. Occasioned by the public’s wakening to a “Latinization” of the U.S., the book demonstrates that the emergence of Spanish-language television as a force in mass communication is essential to understanding the increasing role of Latinos and Latino affairs in modern American society. It argues that a combination of foreign and domestic entrepreneurs and innovators who overcame large odds resolves a significant and timely question: In an English-speaking country, how could a Spanish-speaking institution have emerged? Through exploration of significant and colorful pioneers, continuing conflicts and setbacks, landmark strides, and ongoing controversies—and with revelations that include regulatory indecision, behind-the-scenes tug-of-war, and the internationalization of U.S. mass media—the rise of a Spanish-language institution in the English-speaking U.S. is explained. Nine chapters that begin with Spanish-language television’s inception in 1961 and end 2012 chronologically narrate the endeavor’s first 50 years. Events, passages, and themes are thoroughly referenced.

The United States Sees Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Lozano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Senate Committee ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
The Media ◽  
Oklahoma Territory

In 1902, U.S. Senator Albert Beveridge led four senators from the senate committee on the territories into New Mexico, Arizona, and Oklahoma territory. While New Mexico had operated in Spanish in its courts, schools, and politics for decades, Beveridge’s team exposed the rest of the nation to this Spanish language reality in their campaign to portray the territory as unfit for statehood. During the Senate subcommittee hearings, dozens of New Mexicans relayed their connection to both their United States citizenship and their use of the Spanish language. From census takers to court interpreters to principals, Spanish-speaking New Mexicans defended their use of Spanish. While the use of the Spanish language did not definitively delay statehood, the increased national scrutiny in the media of the language did result in a shift in territorial policies related to language that increasingly favored English in order to better conform to the country's expectations.

Epilogue

2019 ◽  
pp. 277-280
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Social Revolution ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Digital Print ◽  
National Perspective

The essays in this volume trace the development of Spanish-language anarchist print culture in relation to the United States. As a whole, these chapters provide a historical and ethno-linguistic, rather than national, perspective on how Spanish-language anarchist print culture responded to social struggles, economic oppression, and political repressions. Despite such obstacles, anarchist periodicals, writers, editors, correspondents, couriers, distributors, and readers established networks for the maintenance and furtherance of transoceanic and transnational flows of information and culture, and they established a level of solidarity among Spanish-speaking peoples promoting social revolution. It might seem reasonable to doubt the overall significance of this network in the United States or its ability to gain widespread public acceptance, but it was, in fact, the perseverance of the anarchist Ideal manifest in print culture (now including digital print) that exhibits the continuity of the struggle for social justice in the modern age, as well as its resistance to assimilation into dominant politics and cultures. The influence of Hispanic thinkers, writers, readers, and operatives in this narrative is undeniable and should be recognized as an integral component of U.S. society, culture, and history....

Spanish-speaking Anarchists in the United States

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Susana Sueiro Seoane
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Latin American ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
The World ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Different Parts

This chapter analyzes Cultura Obrera (Labor Culture), published in New York City from 1911 to 1927. Pedro Esteve, the primary editor, gave expression to his ideas in this newspaper and while it represented Spanish firemen and marine workers, it reported on many other workers’ struggles in different parts of the world, for example, supporting and collecting funds for the Mexican revolutionary brothers Flores Magón. This newspaper, as all the anarchist press, was part of a transnational network and had a circulation not only in many parts of the United States but also in Latin American countries, including Argentina and Cuba, as well as on the other side of the Atlantic, in Spain and various European countries.

Correlations among GPA and Scores on the Spanish Version of WISC—R and the Woodcock-Johnson Achievement Subtests for 10- to 12-Year-Old Puerto Rican Children

1990 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor L. Rodriguez ◽  
Joseph O. Prewitt Diaz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
The United States ◽  
Achievement Test ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Pearson Correlations ◽  
Woodcock Johnson

The purpose of this study was to explore the correlations among GPA, the Spanish version of the WISC—R, and the Woodcock Johnson Achievement subtests for a group of Puerto Rican children. The tests were administered to a sample of 32 children between the ages of 10 to 12 yr. in Grade 4. Pearson correlations between the Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale scaled scores in the WISC—R (Spanish Edition) ranged between .37 to .83. Correlations between subtests of the Woodcock-Johnson Achievement Test ranged from .26 to .70. The moderate correlation between the Total scaled scores on the Woodcock-Johnson and the scaled scores of the Performance, Verbal, and Full Scales of the Spanish WISC—R is indicative of the value of these Spanish-language instruments in diagnosing the intellectual and academic performance of Spanish-speaking populations in the United States.

scholarly journals Removal of a General – The Rebirth of a Latent Conflict Between Two Sovereign States: USA and Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
Diana Chiş-Manolache ◽  
Ciprian Chiş
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
World History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Long Period ◽  
World Power ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Stability

AbstractGenerally speaking, the relations between different states of the world, but especially between the states that represent world powers or have a certain type of arsenal, are able to influence the stability and the state of calmness from a certain region of the world, but also the notion of peace at the globally level. The 2020 year began with such a situation, in the sense that United States of America and Iran, which have been for a long period in relations not among the most well, have arrived at a moment that could represent, to a very large extent, the starting point of a conflict that will enter in the world history. The elimination of a very important Iranian general by US troops in early January 2020, by a surprise attack amonk Iraqian teritory, markedly aggravated relations between the United States of America and Iran, but also between the great world power and Iraq or other major global players who have harshly criticized the US attack.

scholarly journals Inmigración y envejecimiento en Estados Unidos. Una relación por descubrir /// Immigration and Aging in the United States of America. A Relationship to Discover

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Alejandro I. Canales
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
White Population ◽  
The One ◽  
Latin American Immigration ◽  
Near Future

En Estados Unidos el avance del envejecimiento de la población blanca es tal que ya se expresa en importantes déficits de población en edades activas y reproductivas. En este contexto, la inmigración latinoamericana ha permitido cubrir estos desequilibrios aportando, por un lado, los volúmenes de población necesarios para mantener los niveles de reproducción demográfica y, por otro, proveyendo los contingentes de fuerza de trabajo requeridos para mantener el dinamismo económico. Sin embargo, este sistema de complementariedad demográfica no está exento de tensiones y contradicciones. La masividad de la migración, como su mayor natalidad y fecundidad, pueden derivar en una situación donde la tradicional primacía de la población blanca pudiera verse cuestionada por el crecimiento de la población de origen latino. Las más recientes proyecciones demográficas indican un avance en ese sentido. En este artículo documentamos esta situación. AbstractIn the United States the aging of the white population is already generating significant demographic deficits, specially in population in active and reproductive ages. In this context, Latin American immigration has helped to cover these imbalances by providing, on the one hand, the volumes needed to maintain population levels of demographic re-production, while providing contingent workforce needed to maintain economic dynamism. However, this demographic complementarity is not absent from tensions and contradictions. Large volumes of migration with their higher levels of birth and fertility, could lead in the near future to a situation where the traditional primacy of the white population could be challenged by the growth of the Latino population. Recent population projections indicate a step in that direction. In this article we document this situation using official statistics of the Census Bureau of the United States.

Pull Factors for Direct Investment:�A Cross Regional Comparison

1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Daniels ◽  
Charles J. Quigley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Regional Comparison ◽  
Investment Behaviour

Although much attention has focused on direct investment behaviour, there has been little attempt to explain why some countries receive much more than others. This study analyses differences in investment outfiows from the United States of America to different OECD, Latin American, and other lesser developed countries. A few variables explain most of the differences among each group of countries. Their identification, however, depends on the group of countries being considered.

scholarly journals Evolución del Estudio de la Implicación desde Tres Enfoques / Evolution of the Study of Engagement from Three Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-258
Author(s):  
Catalina Patricia Morales Murillo ◽  
Robin McWilliam ◽  
María Dolores Grau Sevilla ◽  
Pau García Grau
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Experiential Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Behavioral Studies

ABSTRACTEngagement in classroom activities is relevant for the development and learning of children and adolescents with and without disabilities. Although researchers in Spanish speaking countries are studying the construct of engagement, a need prevails to present a synthesis in Spanish language on the onset and evolution of engagement. This article presents the historical evolution of the construct of engagement from three perspectives: time on task, ecological-behavioral studies and experiential education. The first two perspectives are born in the United States during the 60s and 70s, while the latter emerged in the late 70s in Belgium. We present the chronological evolution of the investigations for each of these perspectives and the challenges that arise to continue the study of engagement.RESUMENLa implicación en las actividades del aula es relevante para el desarrollo y aprendizaje de los niños y jóvenes con y sin discapacidad. Aunque la implicación se ha estudiado en el contexto de países de lengua española, existe la necesidad de presentar una síntesis en español sobre cómo surge y se desarrolla la investigación de este constructo. Este trabajo presenta la evolución histórica del constructo de la implicación desde tres perspectivas: el tiempo en la tarea, los estudios ecológico-conductuales y la educación experiencial. Las dos primeras surgen en Estados Unidos durante los años 60 y 70, mientras que la última surge a finales de los 70 en Bélgica. Se presenta una evolución cronológica de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo desde cada una de estas perspectivas y de los retos que se presentan de cara a continuar el estudio de este constructo.

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