scholarly journals Structural characteristics and functional properties of fiber-rich by-products of white cabbage modified by high-energy wet media milling

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Isis Von Ulardt ◽  
Marlen Springer ◽  
Rafael Valbuena
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Milling Parameters ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Hydraulic Shear ◽  
By Products

The recovery of residues and by-products of the food industry plays an important role in terms of sustainable management. For this reason, the aim of this study was to analyse the effect of wet milling parameters on dietary fiber concentrates of white cabbage by products or, more precisely, the stalks of cabbage. The input of hydraulic shear-energy during wet milling process leads to a partial modification of the structure of fiber components to obtain compounds with high water- and oil-binding properties. Furthermore, the wet milling parameters affect the functional properties of the fiber concentrates. A mathematical model was developed which relates the functional properties to the parameters of the colloid mill such as slurry concentration, milling time, agitation speed and particle size distribution. A slurry of the grounded material is forced into the milling gap. Grinding is autogenous as a result of collisions between rotating particles. All of the material in the process stream is being grounded finer than the gap setting and grinding can be optimized by adjusting mill operating parameters. The identification of the relations between milling parameters and functional properties is necessary in order to comprehend the processing characteristics of the material in the context of fiber enriched food products manufacturing.

High-Energy Ball Milling and Sintering of Ti-2Ta-22Si-11B and Ti-6Ta-22Si-11B Powders Mixtures

2014 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Moreira Ferreira ◽  
Luciano Braga Alkmin ◽  
Érika C.T. Ramos ◽  
Carlos Angelo Nunes ◽  
Alfeu Saraiva Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Equilibrium Structures ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
Steel Balls

The milling process of elemental Ti-2Ta-22Si-11B and Ti-6Ta-22Si-11B (at-%) powder mixtures were performed in a planetary Fritsch P-5 ball mill using stainless steel vials (225 mL) and hardened steel balls (19 mm diameter). Ball-to-powder weight ratio of 10:1 and a rotary speed of 300 rpm were adopted, varying the milling time. Wet milling (isopropyl alcohol) for 20 more minutes was used to increase the yield powder in to the vial. Following the Ti-Ta-Si-B powders milled for 600 min were heat-treated at 1100°C for 1 h in order to obtain the equilibrium structures. The milled powders and heat-treated samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. Supersaturated Ti solid solutions were formed during ball milling of Ti-Ta-Si-B powders while that the Ti5Si3 phase was formed after milling for 620 min of the Ta-richer powder mixture only. The particles sizes were initially increased during the initial milling times, and the wet milling provided the yield powder into the vials. A large amount of pores was found in both the sintered samples which presented the formation of the TiSS,(ss-solid solution) Ti6Si2B and TiB.

Effect of Milling Process and Calcination Temperature on the Properties of BSCF-SDC Composite Cathode

2018 ◽  
Vol 791 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Umira Asyikin Yusop ◽  
Hamimah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Suraya Irdina Abdullah ◽  
Dedikarni Panuh
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Dry Milling ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Composite Cathodes ◽  
Solid Cathode

The ionic conductivity, super conductivity, ferroelectricity, and magnetic resistance of barium strontium cobalt ferrite (BSCF) make it a good solid cathode material. This study aims to investigate the influence of milling process and calcination temperature on the behaviour of nanocomposite cathode BSCF–samarium-doped ceria (SDC). The BSCF–SDC composite powders were mixed using two milling processes, namely, wet milling and dry milling. The composite cathode powders were mixed through wet milling by high-energy ball milling at 550 rpm for 2 hours. For dry milling, the powders were milled at 150 rpm for 30 minutes. The powders then underwent calcination at 900 °C, 950 °C, 1050 °C, and 1150 °C for 2 hours. The composite cathodes were examined on the basis of phase and microstructure through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. In conclusion, the selection of suitable milling process and calcination temperature is important in eliminating secondary phases in BSCF–SDC composite cathodes and in enhancing their properties.

Dry and Wet Milling Comparison of Nd-Fe-B Magnets Based on Strip Cast Alloys

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 567-571
Author(s):  
Fernando Maccari ◽  
R.V. Well ◽  
G. Eller ◽  
M.S.T. Hoffmann ◽  
Leonardo Ulian Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Casting Process ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
High Coercivity ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Sintered Magnet ◽  
Energy Product ◽  
Cast Alloys

In this work, the influence of milling medium was investigated in order to achieve high energy-product Nd-Fe-B magnets, mostly by the remanence improvement related to the obtention of monocrystalline particles during milling. Nd-Fe-B alloy made by strip-casting process were used as starting material, which exhibits refined grain structure and demands special attention during milling in relation to coarse-grained, conventionally cast alloys. It was found that by using liquid medium during ball milling process, the mean particle size decreased, as well as the size distribution, which improved the particle alignment and hence the remanence in the sintered magnet. Texture was quantified by magnetic characterization based on reference isotropic magnets made in same conditions, and microstructure development was evaluated by optical microscopy. Moreover, after post-sintering treatment, the coercivity increased 20% compared to as sintered state without changing the remanence, providing an anisotropic magnet with high coercivity.

Synthesis of Cathode Materials Fe-Doped NiS2 by Mechanical Alloying for Li/NiS2 Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1428-1432
Author(s):  
Xiao Jing Liu ◽  
Dong Wook Park ◽  
Zhe Zhu Xu ◽  
Sang Dae Kang ◽  
In Shup Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Tetraethylene Glycol ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Normal Hexane

In order to synthesize the fine compound iron-doped nickel disulfide (NiS2) with environmentally friendly nickel, sulfur and iron powders, mechanical alloying (MA) was conducted for 8 hrs with SPEX Mill at a speed of 1000 rpm. In this process, stearic acid was added as a kind of process control agents (PCAs) to prevent the excessive cold welding. Meanwhile, for the purpose of getting nanocrystalline of Fe-doped NiS2powder particles to improve the contact areas between the active materials, the wet milling process was also done for 30 hrs with normal hexane (C6H14) as a solvent PCA. The prepared powders were characterized by FE-SEM, XRD, EPMA, EDS and TEM. Finally, the charge/discharge properties of Li/Fe-doped NiS2cells were investigated at room temperature by employing 1 M LiCF3SO3(lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate) dissolved in TEGDME (tetraethylene glycol dimethylether) as the electrolyte. The initial discharge capacity of Li/Fe-doped NiS2cell using wet milled powders as the cathode material is 792 mAh/g, which may indicate its high energy density and good future as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Synthesis and Characterization of Electromagnetic Material Based On Composite of Barium M-Ferrite and Zinc Oxide

2018 ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Verryon Harahap ◽  
Syahrul Humaidi ◽  
Perdamean Sebayang
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Energy Products

The making of composites BaFe12O19/ZnO has been done with Wet Milling method used media toluene. Barium M-Ferrit as a matrix and Zinc Oxide as a filler used as the main raw material for composite manufacturing. The milling process of Barium M-Ferrit was done for 12 hours using the High Energy Milling (HEM). Furthermore, the calcination process used furnace at 900 ° C for 4 hours. While Zinc Oxide is milled for 3 hours and calcined at a temperature of 500 oC for 3 hours. The results of Barium M-Ferrit and zinc Oxide mixed using wet milling touluene media for 15 minutes and dried for 1 hour at 200 oC. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that BaFe12O19 as a matrix and ZnO as filler with hexagonal crystal structure was formed and the peak showed a single phase, where each BaFe12O19 lattice parameter a = 5.8930 Å, c = 23.1940 Å and ZnO lattice parameter a = 3.2533 Å, c = 5.2073 Å. Characterization Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) obtained the value of magnetic properties BaFe12O19 powder (matrix) obtained (Ms) magnetic saturation 54.03 emu/g, (Mr) magnet remanent 33.06 emu/g, (Hcj) coercivity 2943 Oe and (BHmax) product energy 190 kGOe and Zinc Oxide as filler values (Ms) magnet saturation 7.84 emu / g, (Mr) magnet remanent 1.27 emu/g, (Hcj) coercivity 152.4 Oe and (BHmax) energy products 10 kGOe. The results of XRD on 50% mass of composites ZnO additions using match software have two phases, namely the presence of ZnO and BaFe12O19 phases which indicate that heterogeneous structures with hexagonal crystal structures. Composite magnetic properties obtained by adding 50% mass of ZnO were (Mr) magnet 39.40 emu/ g, coercivity 2728 Oe, (BHmax) product energy 110 kGOe and for composites 75% mass addition ZnO remanent 39.36 emu/g with coefficient of 1365 Oe and ( BHmax) product energy was 60 kGOe.

scholarly journals Synthesis And Electrochemical Characteristics Of Mechanically Alloyed Anode Materials SnS2 For Li/SnS2 Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 1191-1194
Author(s):  
J.H. Hong ◽  
X.J. Liu ◽  
D.K. Park ◽  
K.W. Kim ◽  
H.J. Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Diffraction Field ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Increasing Demand

Abstract With the increasing demand for efficient and economic energy storage, tin disulfide (SnS2), as one of the most attractive anode candidates for the next generation high-energy rechargeable Li-ion battery, have been paid more and more attention because of its high theoretical energy density and cost effectiveness. In this study, a new, simple and effective process, mechanical alloying (MA), has been developed for preparing fine anode material tin disulfides, in which ammonium chloride (AC), referred to as process control agents (PCAs), were used to prevent excessive cold-welding and accelerate the synthesis rates to some extent. Meanwhile, in order to decrease the mean size of SnS2 powder particles and improve the contact areas between the active materials, wet milling process was also conducted with normal hexane (NH) as a solvent PCA. The prepared powders were both characterized by X-ray diffraction, Field emission-scanning electron microscopeand particle size analyzer. Finally, electrochemical measurements for Li/SnS2 cells were takenat room temperature, using a two-electrode cell assembled in an argon-filled glove box and the electrolyte of 1M LiPF6 in a mixture of ethylene carbonate(EC)/dimethylcarbonate (DMC)/ethylene methyl carbonate (EMC) (volume ratio of 1:1:1).

High Velocity Nano Alumina Wet Milling in Zirconia and Corundum Mills

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusoff M.S. Meor ◽  
Paulus Wilfred ◽  
Muslimin Masliana
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Alumina Powder ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nano Alumina ◽  
Tangent Method

The paper presents a study on the effect of high energy milling to the crystallite size and lattice strain of α-alumina in zirconia and corundum mills. A Fritsch Pervesette 7 which has a maximum milling speed of 1100 rpm was used for this comparison. Milled samples were analyzed using the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique to calculate for the crystallite size using the Scherrer method while lattice strain was determined by the Tangent method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was also used to determine changes in the morphology of the alumina powder sample after the milling process. Zirconia was found to be the better abrasive material and the optimum conditions used to obtain the smallest crystallite size of 51.2 nm are milling speed and time of 1100 rpm and 180 minutes respectively.

Modification of the Structural Characteristics of the Tungsten Powder through Short Mechanical Milling Processes

2011 ◽  
Vol 672 ◽  
pp. 255-258
Author(s):  
Dana Salomie ◽  
Nicolae Jumate
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Mechanical Milling ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Tungsten Powder ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Process Duration ◽  
X Ray

The objective of this study is to improve the sintering of W powder through increasing the density of the crystalline structure imperfections. The powder of W was processed by short processes of mechanical milling in a high energy planetary mill. The paper presents the influence of mechanical milling process duration upon the modifications of the structural characteristics of W powder. The fine structure has been studied by using X-ray diffraction.

Structural Evaluation of Ti-Cr-Si-B Powders Produced by High-Energy Ball Milling and Sintering

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 499-504
Author(s):  
Luiz Otávio Vicentin Maruya ◽  
Paulo Atsushi Suzuki ◽  
Alfeu Saraiva Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
Structural Evaluation ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
Steel Balls

Multicomponent Ti6Si2B-based alloys are potentially attractive for structural applications due to the low Ti6Si2B crystallographic anisotropy, and their oxidation resistance are higher than the Ti5Si3-based alloys. There is a limited amount of information on effect of alloying on stability of Ti6Si2B. The present work reports on the structural evaluation during ball milling and subsequent sintering of Ti-2Cr-22Si-11B and Ti-7Cr-22Si-11B (at-%) powders. The milling process was carried out in a planetary Fritsch P-5 ball mill under Ar atmosphere using hardened steel balls (19 mm diameter), stainless steel vials (225 mL), rotary speed of 300 rpm, and a ball-to-powder weight ratio of 10:1. Samples were collected after different milling times: 20, 60, 180, 300, 420 and 600 min. Addicional wet milling (isopropyl alcohol) for 20 more minutes was adopted to increase the yield powder into the vials. Following, the powders milled for 620 min were uniaxially compacted (20 MPa) in order to obtain cilinder green bodies with 10 mm diameter and subsequently sintered under vacuum at 1100°C for 240 min. The milled powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The chromium addition have contributed to form a large amount of Ti6Si2B in the mechanically alloyed and sintered Ti-2Cr-22Si-11B and Ti-7Cr-22Si-11B alloys.

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