scholarly journals GENERAL METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES, PROVISIONS AND PRINCIPLES OF CREATING THE HOUSING MODULE LUNAR BASE

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Т.D NIKIFOROVA ◽  
S.Ye. SHEKHORKINA ◽  
О.H. ZYNKEVYCH ◽  
T.Yu. SHEVCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Lunar Rocks ◽  
Article Analysis ◽  
The Creation

Problem statement. Today, the world's leading researchers are working on the creation of objects on the surface of the Moon. One of the urgent tasks is to develop living modules that provide the necessary protection for the crew of the lunar missions. Analysis of existing research has shown that in order to support long-term surface missions, the lunar infrastructure must provide the necessary functionality of the housing base, such as extraction and processing of raw materials, construction, construction of buildings and structures, life support. Purpose of the article. Analysis of the current state of scientific and applied problems and setting goals and objectives of the further study. The subject of the study is to establish the patterns of lunar bases design and operation in the human civilization interests. Conclusions. The solution of the objectives of the study using the proposed systematic approach of creating an innovative dual-use product, namely, the development of building materials, products and structures by additive technologies (3D-printing) and recommendations for their production will allow the creation of high-security building projects that can be used for development of the Moon and the Earth, which will contribute to the development of domestic territorial and industrial infrastructure. The earth and lunar rocks are extremely similar, so the earth rock processing technologies can be applied to the lunar rocks. The development of the residential module and the structures design must take into account the complete life cycle of the lunar base facilities, as well as the physiological needs of the lunar base crew.

scholarly journals Lunar resources

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World

There is growing interest in the possibility that the resource base of the Solar System might in future be used to supplement the economic resources of our own planet. As the Earth’s closest celestial neighbour, the Moon is sure to feature prominently in these developments. In this paper I review what is currently known about economically exploitable resources on the Moon, while also stressing the need for continued lunar exploration. I find that, although it is difficult to identify any single lunar resource that will be sufficiently valuable to drive a lunar resource extraction industry on its own (notwithstanding claims sometimes made for the 3He isotope, which are found to be exaggerated), the Moon nevertheless does possess abundant raw materials that are of potential economic interest. These are relevant to a hierarchy of future applications, beginning with the use of lunar materials to facilitate human activities on the Moon itself, and progressing to the use of lunar resources to underpin a future industrial capability within the Earth-Moon system. In this way, gradually increasing access to lunar resources may help ‘bootstrap’ a space-based economy from which the world economy, and possibly also the world’s environment, will ultimately benefit.

scholarly journals El diluvio (Tlaa:wetsilis). Una narración en náhuatl de la Huasteca Veracruzana

Tlalocan ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 113-146
Author(s):  
Andrés Martínez Martínez ◽  
Valentín Peralta Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
The Moon ◽  
Spanish Translation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Creation

This narrative is about the Great Flood and the creation of man and is told in the Nahuatl language of Tzocohuite in the municipality of Ixhuatlán de Madero, Veracruz. The myth begins with two actions carried out by the first inhabitants, a man and a woman, actions disapproved of by God, who punishes them. He sends his emissary, the rabbit, to tell the man to build an ark to save the animals and thus eliminates humans from the face of the Earth. After the Great Flood there are other events involving animals including the vulture, the dove and the hummingbird. Finally, man is punished with work and the rabbit retires to the moon, rewarded for having completed God’s orders. The Nahuatl text is presented together with a Spanish translation and interlinear morphological glosses.

Moon Village Association (MVA) Global Collaboration Framework for Lunar Missions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elissavet Koumi ◽  
Pavithra Manghaipathy
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Entry Barrier ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Lunar Missions

<p>The Moon Village Association (MVA) is a global organization that aims to foster collaboration between nations, space agencies, industry and the public, in order to facilitate the creation of a Lunar Economy. Despite its name, the purpose of the organization is not to create a base on the Moon. The "Moon Village" is the collection of people and organizations here on Earth that will collectively set Lunar activities in motion.</p> <p>The MVA's pilot mission - sending a Camera to the Lunar Surface to capture images of the earth and recreate the “Overview Effect” - aims to test in action how combining the capabilities of the MVA’s individual and institutional members can lower the entry barrier to the Lunar economy.</p> <p>The technical objective of the mission is to capture and live-stream a video of the Earth for 1 Lunar Day. The data will be broadcasted and utilized to engage the scientific community and general public to maximize mission returns for this and future missions.</p> <p>The challenge:</p> <p>Compared to Earth orbit missions, lunar missions are less prevalent, more technically complex with extra risks and completely different investment scales and timelines. This means that non-institutional space players have fewer opportunities to participate in lunar science and the creation of the Lunar Economy. There is also a lot of untapped capacity in the non-space world: Drawing a parallel to GIS, Sat Comms, Navigation etc., and progress achieved due to publicly accessible space-asset data in non-space industries, the potential benefit of opening up Lunar exploration to more players seems self-evident. The challenge is, however, enabling this global potential.</p> <p> Our talk will address this issue and will be structured to cover the following points:</p> <p>Mission description: We will describe our goals, why we decided to put a camera on the Moon, what are the technical requirements and why we selected the “Overview Effect” as our main objective.</p> <p>MVA Collaboration framework outline: This will address how we combine our varied strengths within the MVA to create a mission and how we want to see our members putting missions together in the future, on their own initiative. </p> <p>The MVA role, the role of volunteers and institutional partners: We will present how the building blocks fit together, what each side offers and receives through this collaboration.</p> <p>Lessons learned from the pre-phase A and phase A of the mission: We will discuss technical, financial, managerial, outreach and public engagement aspects, method-of-working issues, what were the biggest challenges to milestone success and how they were overcome.</p> <p>Obstacles and challenges moving forward: We will address our cost and schedule elements, paths to funding and risk management, and also ethics and responsible culture setting.</p> <p>How can someone get involved: As we are looking to engage both the scientific community and the public, we will be presenting information on where one can stay updated with our work, and what are the options for participation, either as an individual, an institution or a company.</p> <p>The talk will be designed and delivered from First Payload Project team members. The team is made up of both space and non-space industry professionals, all volunteers distributed across multiple time zones, without common working hours and a high chance of most members never meeting in person. The team is supported by the MVA’s institutional members (agencies, educational institutions and industry) in the form of in-kind contributions: an exchange of services, knowledge or materials given by the institutional member due to synergies between the mission objectives and the member’s own scientific or business objectives.</p> <p>This presentation will not focus on technical or scientific objectives or results of the 1st MVA Payload Project but on the process that is being created as a rubric for future lunar projects. From planning to set-up and further, and with the understanding that this is an ongoing process, this talk will present a guide of sorts or in the very least a detailed example of the processes necessary for private-sector lunar missions that deviate from the normal client-supplier models of institutional and Earth orbit missions.</p>

scholarly journals DRY MIXTURES AND MIXING EQUIPMENT FOR THEIR PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Y. Fadin ◽  
O. Shemetova
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Stability

Today’s economic situation creates conditions for revising the existing base of materials and raw materials in construction, as well as for transforming and using it in the future. One of the ways to achieve this goal is the creation of new types of building materials, more effective and low in the price category compared to the classic ones. Dry building mixtures belongs to such materials. The high quality of dry building mixes is guaranteed by the stability of their composition and the properties of the ingredients used. Saving time when using high-quality dry building mixes will allow to get an irreproachable end result. A necessary component in the manufacture of dry building mixtures is the mixing process, which includes the preparation of raw materials, dosing and the distribution of chemical additives. The main indicator of the quality of the finished product in the production of dry mixes is its uniformity. Therefore, special attention is paid to the mixing section in the production line. The variety of bulk materials and their properties contributes to the creation of various types of mixers for high-quality mixing of components. The article discusses the history of the emergence of dry building mixes and mixing equipment for production.

scholarly journals Prospects for Industrial Development in the Republic of Karakalpakstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 258-265
Author(s):  
K. Ubaydullaev ◽  
A. Alimov
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Priority Area ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Creation

This article addresses a number of challenges related to the complexity of industry research. The points of view in solving these problems were studied, and methodological bases for the development of the industrial sector were developed. It is proposed to create in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya large centers of the oil and gas chemical industry, mining industry with non-ferrous metallurgy, industrial bases for the agro-drainage cycle of production, light and processing industries. The first priority should be the formation of the foundations of the market environment in industries. This process is currently taking place in two directions: the creation of new private, joint-stock and other forms of enterprises, as well as through the modernization of industries, the second priority area of economic reforms in industry should be the creation of enterprises that are technologically advanced and have the ability to produce innovative products; the third priority area is the development of infrastructure industries that produce life support products for the population and the service sector, as well as the creation of quickly recouped industrial enterprises that provide deep processing of agricultural raw materials and mineral resources.

El origen de la creación según los ch’oles

Tlalocan ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Gebhardt Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Orange Tree ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The One

Gebhardt Domínguez, a native speaker of Ch'ol from Agua Azul, relates in Spanish a mélange of the stories he heard in his childhood about the origin of the creation, and the order in which the different beings that populate the earth came into existence. He begins with the story of how Ch'ujtat, the one with the big heart, was the only one who existed and how he pulled the umbilical cord from his heart to make the first orange tree and the earth. Then Ch'ujtat made the twelve "Chuntewinikes" (the forks or pilar men) so that they could carry the earth on their shoulders. It was then that Ch'ujtat pulled loose the umbilical cord that attached the earth to him so that it would be separate as it is now. Then he created the first plants.After the creation of the earth, the next part that Gebhardt describes is how Ch'ujtat created the first beings who turned the into monkeys after a flood because they had been too intelligent, and then how Ch'ujtat made two more children, but ones that were less intelligent so that they would have to learn as they grew into men. One of the young men married ixik, `woman', and they had two children. After recounting a number of other episodes, Gebhardt closes his story with the tale of how the woman, carrying a pet rabbit, and Ijts'in, the younger of her children, jumped into space, she to become the moon, now known asch'ujniá, while Ijts'in became the sun.

Possibilities of Alpha Gypsum Preparation in Chloride Salt Solutions

2012 ◽  
Vol 598 ◽  
pp. 310-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Dvořák ◽  
Marcela Fridrichová ◽  
Dominik Gazdič
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Liquid Environment ◽  
The Earth ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Chloride Salts

The necessity of continuously saving of natural resources and the continuously increasing utilization of waste materials, which results in by product of the primary production, is in the interest of sustainable life on the Earth. These valuable secondary raw materials are stored as waste and urge for use as inexpensive and easily available material. The Institute of Building Materials and Elements Technology at the Brno University of Technology, solves in the long term the problem of alpha gypsum preparation by dehydrating the gypsum in the solution of chloride salts. The gypsum dehydrates to alpha-hemi-hydrate by this method under atmospheric pressure in liquid environment. The tests were brought as far as to the stage of laboratory production. The chloride ions are after dehydration washed out and afterwards the gypsum is dried.

THE CRAB AS COSMIC YUX: A SYMBOL OF POWER AND CREATION IN COTZUMALHUAPA

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-318
Author(s):  
Fernando A. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
The Moon ◽  
Popol Vuh ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Creation ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractCrab iconography in Mesoamerica is a novelty, often ignored academically while its meaning remains a mystery. In Cotzumalhuapa, the crab appears as either a base or a headdress in monumental art, but why? Why is the crab singled out in the creation portion of the Popol Vuh, establishing an unexplained precedent? The following work attempts to answer these questions. The decapod itself was not arbitrarily chosen for its role as paxil, or as a feminine symbol of creation, with links to the moon and rain. Rather, its biology and behavior mirrored the existing Mesoamerican worldview. Unfortunately, the linguistic and cultural affinities of Cotzumalhuapa are unknown. Thus, I analyze other objects from other regions/cultures and compares zoological, linguistical, and ethnohistorical data to conclude that the crab was conceptually feminine, a cognate to the moon goddess and the surface of the earth, representing creation. Furthermore, rulers of Cotzumalhuapa wore regalia that include crab imagery, which provided them the power of creation and propagated belief in the legitimacy of their rule.

scholarly journals Understanding Reduced Gravity Effects on Early Plant Development Before Attempting Life-Support Farming in the Moon and Mars

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Javier Medina ◽  
Aránzazu Manzano ◽  
Alicia Villacampa ◽  
Malgorzata Ciska ◽  
Raúl Herranz
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Gravity Level ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Earth Gravity ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Gravity Effects ◽  
Auxin Polar Transport ◽  
Moon Exploration ◽  
Human Space Exploration ◽  
Bioregenerative Life Support

Plants are a necessary component of any system of bioregenerative life-support for human space exploration. For this purpose, plants must be capable of surviving and adapting to gravity levels different from the Earth gravity, namely microgravity, as it exists on board of spacecrafts orbiting the Earth, and partial-g, as it exists on the surface of the Moon or Mars. Gravity is a fundamental environmental factor for driving plant growth and development through gravitropism. Exposure to real or simulated microgravity produces a stress response in plants, which show cellular alterations and gene expression reprogramming. Partial-g studies have been performed in the ISS using centrifuges and in ground based facilities, by implementing adaptations in them. Seedlings and cell cultures were used in these studies. The Mars gravity level is capable of stimulating the gravitropic response of the roots and preserving the auxin polar transport. Furthermore, whereas Moon gravity produces alterations comparable, or even stronger than microgravity, the intensity of the alterations found at Mars gravity was milder. An adaptive response has been found in these experiments, showing upregulation of WRKY transcription factors involved in acclimation. This knowledge must be improved by incorporating plants to the coming projects of Moon exploration.

The motion of a lunar orbiter

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Y. Kozai
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Triaxial Ellipsoid ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Close Satellite ◽  
The Mean

The motion of an artificial satellite around the Moon is much more complicated than that around the Earth, since the shape of the Moon is a triaxial ellipsoid and the effect of the Earth on the motion is very important even for a very close satellite.The differential equations of motion of the satellite are written in canonical form of three degrees of freedom with time depending Hamiltonian. By eliminating short-periodic terms depending on the mean longitude of the satellite and by assuming that the Earth is moving on the lunar equator, however, the equations are reduced to those of two degrees of freedom with an energy integral.Since the mean motion of the Earth around the Moon is more rapid than the secular motion of the argument of pericentre of the satellite by a factor of one order, the terms depending on the longitude of the Earth can be eliminated, and the degree of freedom is reduced to one.Then the motion can be discussed by drawing equi-energy curves in two-dimensional space. According to these figures satellites with high inclination have large possibilities of falling down to the lunar surface even if the initial eccentricities are very small.The principal properties of the motion are not changed even if plausible values ofJ3andJ4of the Moon are included.This paper has been published in Publ. astr. Soc.Japan15, 301, 1963.

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