scholarly journals Lipid-based bio-fungicides for control of powdery mildew in cucurbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 262-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Ah Chee ◽  
Maureen George ◽  
Maryam Alavi ◽  
Kirstin Wurms
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Demethylation Inhibitor

Powdery mildew (PM) infection of cucurbits is a major problem facing commercial New Zealand growers. Resistance to demethylation inhibitor fungicides is widespread so, there is a demand for new-generation bio-fungicides that can provide durable control alternatives in both conventional and organic systems. A wide range of milk products, plant and animal fats/oils, and natural plant elicitors were tested for their ability to control PM on squash and zucchini plants in a series of four glasshouse trials. The most promising product tested was anhydrous milk fat (AMF), in formulation with an emulsifier (Alanate 191™ or Panodan® AL10), an antioxidant (Grindox 122™) and/or other products (Synertrol Horti oil). These treatments were as effective as commercial fungicides in controlling PM, but there were significant issues with plant health. Future work will focus on reducing concentrations of the active ingredient to produce an effective formulation that is not detrimental to plant health. Soybean oil, coconut fat and olive oil formulations with Panodan® AL10 and Grindox 122™ also gave effective PM control with minimal effect on plant health.

scholarly journals Adulteration of Milk: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Minor Constituents ◽  
Detection Process ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Milk Adulteration ◽  
Foreign Proteins

Milk is a good nutritious drink and is eaten for drinking as such, as well as by milk products, by a majority of the population worldwide. The practice of milk adulteration, however, constantly reduces its quality and can introduce hazardous substances into the dairy supply chain which endangers the health of consumers. Various cases of milk adulteration have been reported globally, in which substances such as extraneous water, foreign proteins, whey proteins, melamine and urea, vegetable or animal fats, plus many minor constituents of milk fat were added as possible adulterants in milk and milk products. This article provides some information about adulteration of milk and their detection process.

scholarly journals Control of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa var rosae) on rose (Rosa L sp) using anhydrous milk fat and soybean oil emulsions

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ah Chee ◽  
K.V. Wurms ◽  
M. George
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Anhydrous Milk Fat ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Sphaerotheca Pannosa

Powdery mildew (PM) is a serious fungal disease of a wide range of horticultural crops and can adversely affect crop yield and quality Anhydrous milk fat (AMF) and soybean oil (SBO) emulsions were evaluated for control of PM (Sphaerotheca pannosa var rosae) on potted rose plants (Rosa L sp Splendid Surprise and Sahara) maintained in a controlled environment Foliage was sprayed weekly with AMF (07 w/v) SBO (2 w/v) fungicide (Supershield 1 v/v) water or left unsprayed PM infection increased to 100 leaf area in water and unsprayed control plants over 6 weeks The fungicide reduced infection to a severity rating of 5 (>40 leaf area infection) The AMF and SBO treatments gave significantly better disease control (P

Positive Emotion in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 297-311
Author(s):  
Ilana Seager ◽  
Douglas S. Mennin ◽  
Amelia Aldao
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Emotional Dysfunction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Work

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a debilitating condition characterized by excessive, pervasive, uncontrollable, and paralyzing worries about a wide range of future situations. Individuals with this condition frequently find themselves stuck in worry and tension cycles in futile attempts at reducing uncertainty and increasing control. GAD has been associated with substantial impairments in functioning and reduced quality of life. GAD remains poorly understood, and the long-term efficacy and end-state functioning resulting from treatment are weaker compared to other anxiety disorders. Some treatments (e.g., emotion regulation therapy, acceptance-based behavioral therapy) have improved efficacy, partly by targeting emotional dysfunction. Basic psychopathology research has focused on identifying the role of negative affect in GAD, so little is known about how positive affect is experienced and regulated in this disorder. This is particularly important in light of the overlap of this condition with major depressive disorder, which is characterized by low or suppressed positive emotion. Developing such an understanding is essential to further improve the efficacy of emotion-based treatments. This chapter reviews current and future directions in the study of positive affect in GAD. The chapter reviews the nascent research on positive affect and GAD, then illustrates dimensions of future work.

Accuracy and sensitivity of different Bayesian methods for genomic prediction using simulation and real data

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saheb Foroutaifar
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Real Data Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Qtl Effects

AbstractThe main objectives of this study were to compare the prediction accuracy of different Bayesian methods for traits with a wide range of genetic architecture using simulation and real data and to assess the sensitivity of these methods to the violation of their assumptions. For the simulation study, different scenarios were implemented based on two traits with low or high heritability and different numbers of QTL and the distribution of their effects. For real data analysis, a German Holstein dataset for milk fat percentage, milk yield, and somatic cell score was used. The simulation results showed that, with the exception of the Bayes R, the other methods were sensitive to changes in the number of QTLs and distribution of QTL effects. Having a distribution of QTL effects, similar to what different Bayesian methods assume for estimating marker effects, did not improve their prediction accuracy. The Bayes B method gave higher or equal accuracy rather than the rest. The real data analysis showed that similar to scenarios with a large number of QTLs in the simulation, there was no difference between the accuracies of the different methods for any of the traits.

scholarly journals Rapid extraction of total lipids and lipophilic POPs from all EU-regulated foods of animal origin: Smedes’ method revisited and enhanced

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Haedrich ◽  
Claudia Stumpf ◽  
Michael S. Denison
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Official Control ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chicken Eggs

Abstract Background Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as dioxins, dioxin-like chemicals and non-dioxin-like PCBs causing adverse effects to human health bio-accumulate through the food web due to their affinity for adipose tissues. Foods of animal origin are therefore the main contributors to human dietary exposure. The European Union’s (EU) food safety policy requires checking of a wide range of samples for compliance with legal limits on a regular basis. Several methods of varying efficiency are applied by official control laboratories for extraction of the different classes of lipids and associated POPs, bound to animal tissue and animal products in varying degrees, sometimes leading to discrepancies especially in fresh weight based analytical results. Results Starting from Smedes’ lipid extraction from marine tissue, we optimized the extraction efficiency for both lipids and lipophilic pollutants, abandoning the time-consuming centrifugation step. The resulting modified Smedes extraction (MSE) method was validated based on multiple analyses of a large number of real-world samples, matrix calibration and performance assessment in proficiency testing utilizing both instrumental and bioanalytical methodologies. Intermediate precision in 12 different foods was below 3% in chicken eggs, egg powder, animal fat, fish, fish oil, poultry, whole milk, milk fat and milk powder, and below 5% in bovine meat, liver, and infant food. In comparison to Twisselmann hot extraction, results presented here show an increased efficiency of MSE by + 25% for bovine liver, + 14% for chicken eggs, + 13% for poultry meat, + 12% for fish, 8% for bovine meat, and 6% for infant food. Conclusions For the first time, a fast and reliable routine method is available that enables the analyst to reproducibly extract "total" lipids from any EU-regulated food sample of animal origin within 6 to 8 min. Increased efficiency translates into a considerable increase in both lipid and wet weight-based analytical results measured for associated POPs, reducing the risk of false non-compliant results. Compared to a 4 h Twisselmann extraction, the extraction of 1000 samples using MSE would result in annual savings of about 250 h or 32 working days. Our MSE procedure contributes to the European Commission's objective of harmonizing analytical results across the EU generated according to Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/644.

scholarly journals Re-Evaluation of the Podosphaera tridactyla Species Complex in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Reannon L. Smith ◽  
Tom W. May ◽  
Jatinder Kaur ◽  
Tim I. Sawbridge ◽  
Ross C. Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The Podosphaera tridactyla species complex is highly variable morphologically and causes powdery mildew on a wide range of Prunus species, including stone fruit. A taxonomic revision of the Po. tridactyla species complex in 2020 identified 12 species, seven of which were newly characterised. In order to clarify which species of this complex are present in Australia, next generation sequencing was used to isolate the fungal ITS+28S and host matK chloroplast gene regions from 56 powdery mildew specimens of stone fruit and ornamental Prunus species accessioned as Po. tridactyla or Oidium sp. in Australian reference collections. The specimens were collected in Australia, Switzerland, Italy and Korea and were collected from 1953 to 2018. Host species were confirmed using matK phylogenetic analysis, which identified that four had been misidentified as Prunus but were actually Malusprunifolia. Podosphaera species were identified using ITS+28S phylogenetic analysis, recognising three Podosphaera species on stone fruit and related ornamental Prunus hosts in Australia. These were Po.pannosa, the rose powdery mildew, and two species in the Po. tridactyla species complex: Po. ampla, which was the predominant species, and a previously unidentified species from peach, which we describe here as Po. cunningtonii.

scholarly journals The Impact of Initial Conditions in N-Body Simulations of Debris Discs

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Thilliez ◽  
S. T. Maddison
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Dust Trapping ◽  
Physical Context ◽  
Disc Width ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Belt Width ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractNumerical simulations are a crucial tool to understand the relationship between debris discs and planetary companions. As debris disc observations are now reaching unprecedented levels of precision over a wide range of wavelengths, an appropriate level of accuracy and consistency is required in numerical simulations to confidently interpret this new generation of observations. However, simulations throughout the literature have been conducted with various initial conditions often with little or no justification. In this paper, we aim to study the dependence on the initial conditions of N-body simulations modelling the interaction between a massive and eccentric planet on an exterior debris disc. To achieve this, we first classify three broad approaches used in the literature and provide some physical context for when each category should be used. We then run a series of N-body simulations, that include radiation forces acting on small grains, with varying initial conditions across the three categories. We test the influence of the initial parent body belt width, eccentricity, and alignment with the planet on the resulting debris disc structure and compare the final peak emission location, disc width and offset of synthetic disc images produced with a radiative transfer code. We also track the evolution of the forced eccentricity of the dust grains induced by the planet, as well as resonance dust trapping. We find that an initially broad parent body belt always results in a broader debris disc than an initially narrow parent body belt. While simulations with a parent body belt with low initial eccentricity (e ~ 0) and high initial eccentricity (0 < e < 0.3) resulted in similar broad discs, we find that purely secular forced initial conditions, where the initial disc eccentricity is set to the forced value and the disc is aligned with the planet, always result in a narrower disc. We conclude that broad debris discs can be modelled by using either a dynamically cold or dynamically warm parent belt, while in contrast eccentric narrow debris rings are reproduced using a secularly forced parent body belt.

scholarly journals Review of Functional Treatments for Modified Wood

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Morwenna J. Spear ◽  
Simon F. Curling ◽  
Athanasios Dimitriou ◽  
Graham A. Ormondroyd
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Wood Modification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
Impregnation Modification ◽  
New Applications ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Dimensional Instability ◽  
Modified Wood

Wood modification is now widely recognized as offering enhanced properties of wood and overcoming issues such as dimensional instability and biodegradability which affect natural wood. Typical wood modification systems use chemical modification, impregnation modification or thermal modification, and these vary in the properties achieved. As control and understanding of the wood modification systems has progressed, further opportunities have arisen to add extra functionalities to the modified wood. These include UV stabilisation, fire retardancy, or enhanced suitability for paints and coatings. Thus, wood may become a multi-functional material through a series of modifications, treatments or reactions, to create a high-performance material with previously impossible properties. In this paper we review systems that combine the well-established wood modification procedures with secondary techniques or modifications to deliver emerging technologies with multi-functionality. The new applications targeted using this additional functionality are diverse and range from increased electrical conductivity, creation of sensors or responsive materials, improvement of wellbeing in the built environment, and enhanced fire and flame protection. We identified two parallel and connected themes: (1) the functionalisation of modified timber and (2) the modification of timber to provide (multi)-functionality. A wide range of nanotechnology concepts have been harnessed by this new generation of wood modifications and wood treatments. As this field is rapidly expanding, we also include within the review trends from current research in order to gauge the state of the art, and likely direction of travel of the industry.

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