ON CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY OF BERRY CROPS SUITABLE FOR MECHANIZED HARVESTING

1970 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
О. V. Panfilova
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
North West ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Impact

The review of domestic and foreign reports devoted to the improvement of currant and gooseberry cultivation technology for mechanized harvesting is presented. Common approaches to the selection of cultivars and methods of agricultural practice are considered: the importance of a cultivar in the aspect of industrial cultivation; planting design; the value of pruning in dense plantations; agronomical practice of growing. Much attention is paid to a new assortment of currants and gooseberries developed in the Central-Chernozem, North-West and Central regions and Siberia, from the point of view of profound study of suitability for intensive technologies of cultivation and obtaining maximum economic effect. Cultivation technologies and cultivars suitable for mechanized harvesting are presented. The cultivars are from the countries of Eastern and Western Europe (Poland, Germany, England, France, Belgium and the Netherlands) as well as from the USA and Canada. The value and types of pruning (economic, rejuvenating and detailed pruning) in the dense plantations of gooseberries and currants as well as reports of leading research institutes in this trend are shown. The impact of cultivation technology (types of pruning) on the photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll content in the leaves of black currant is described. A particular attention is paid to the work of VNIISPK breeders in the question of the value of a cultivar in the agronomical practice of berry crops. In black currants the varietal differences influence much on the value of crop losses. The cultivars that have simultaneous ripening of berries in the bunch are preferable for mechanized harvesting. Azhurnaya, Zusha and Ekzotica from the VNIISPK breeding program belong to such black currant cultivars. Their crop losses at harvest at the optimum time does not exceed 3,4-13,8%.

scholarly journals Mapping the Food Festivals and Sustainable Capitals: Evidence from Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10283
Author(s):  
Patrycjusz Zarębski ◽  
Dominika Zwęglińska-Gałecka
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Capital Conversion ◽  
The Impact

This study is one of the first attempts to identify and explain the location of food festivals in the context of locally embedded capitals. A multidimensional spatial model was developed and a typology using the k-means method was carried out to evaluate the mapping of 64 food festivals organized in various locations in Poland. With reference to Bourdieu’s concept, the economic, social, cultural, symbolic, and tourism capitals rooted in the local environment were examined and compared with the location of festivals. From the theoretical point of view, this study extends the theory of capital to include the new category of tourism capital, which allows better understanding of the economic effects of festivals. It is the missing element of the circular mechanism of capital conversion. Our study shows that food festivals in Poland are held mainly in large cities and their neighboring municipalities rather than in peripheral rural areas. We indicate that the urban areas have a higher level of capitals and sustainability of capitals for food festivals than rural areas. The conducted research shows that the economic effect of food festivals is stronger in locations with high tourism capital. The proposed model is universal and can be used to analyze the impact of various festivals on capital conversion and local development.

Modern Developments in African Land Tenure: an Aspect of Culture Change

Africa ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Mair
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Culture Change ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
African Society ◽  
General Application ◽  
Modern Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Infinite Range

African land tenure is a subject so vast that in dealing with it one hesitates to commit oneself to statements of general application lest particular instances should be found to controvert them. Yet, when it is considered from the point of view of culture change, it is possible to discern a number of general trends, the nature of which is similar because their cause is the same–the impact on African society of the commercial economy of Western Europe with its infinite range of forms of wealth and possibilities of acquiring them. Though other forces too are active in the modern process of culture change, this is the most pervasive, and its influence can be traced in the development of every institution. In the case of land rights, closely bound up as they are with systems of production, the influence is direct and obvious.

scholarly journals The Analysis of the Influence of Riveting Parameters Specified in Selected Riveting Instructions on Residual Stresses

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (6) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Wojciech Wronicz ◽  
Jerzy Kaniowski
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Riveted Joints ◽  
Aerospace Companies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The riveting parameters strongly affect residual stresses induced during riveting, which in turn have an impact on the fatigue life of riveted joints. Since rivets are established as critical from the fatigue point of view, the fatigue life of riveted joints often determines the life of the whole structure. The authors were able to become acquainted with three riveting instructions (process specifications) used by the aerospace companies from western Europe. This work presents the analysis of the riveting parameters' influence on residual stresses around the rivets. The impact of the clearance between a rivet shank and a hole as well as driven head dimensions and a rivet length were investigated based on the numerical simulations. The aim of the analysis was to determine the range of stresses variation when the requirements of the riveting instructions are fulfilled. For the purposes of comparison, the calculations were performed also with the parameters as specified in the Polish industry standards. For all calculations, the geometry of the universal rivet MS20470 was used. The results show that residual stresses can vary strongly depending on the parameters in the instructions and standard requirements.

Clerics

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Haour
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Religious History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
North West ◽  
History Of ◽  
North Western

This chapter examines the similarities in the means by which new monotheistic religions, Christianity and Islam, came to override previous religious beliefs in the central Sahel and north-west Europe. It explains the concept of animism and describes the initial stages of the implantation of Christianity and Islam, or the time of the most sustained missionary activity rather than that of established belief. It provides an overview of the religious history of the central Sahel and north-western Europe and considers religious conversion from the point of view of the converted.

scholarly journals Regional responses of surface ozone in Europe to the location of high-latitude blocks and subtropical ridges

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 3111-3131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Ordóñez ◽  
David Barriopedro ◽  
Ricardo García-Herrera ◽  
Pedro M. Sousa ◽  
Jordan L. Schnell
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Zonal Flow ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Anticyclonic Circulation ◽  
North West ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This paper analyses for the first time the impact of high-latitude blocks and subtropical ridges on near-surface ozone (O3) in Europe during a 15-year period. For this purpose, a catalogue of blocks and ridges over the Euro–Atlantic region is used together with a gridded dataset of maximum daily 8 h running average ozone (MDA8 O3) covering the period 1998–2012. The response of ozone to the location of blocks and ridges with centres in three longitudinal sectors (Atlantic, ATL, 30–0° W; European, EUR, 0–30° E; Russian, RUS, 30–60° E) is examined. The impact of blocks on ozone is regionally and seasonally dependent. In particular, blocks within the EUR sector yield positive ozone anomalies of  ∼  5–10 ppb over large parts of central Europe in spring and northern Europe in summer. Over 20 and 30 % of the days with blocks in that sector register exceedances of the 90th percentile of the seasonal ozone distribution at many European locations during spring and summer, respectively. The impacts of ridges during those seasons are subtle and more sensitive to their specific location, although they can trigger ozone anomalies above 10 ppb in northern Italy and the surrounding countries in summer, eventually exceeding European air quality (AQ) targets. During winter, surface ozone in the north-west of Europe presents completely opposite responses to blocks and ridges. The anticyclonic circulation associated with winter EUR blocking, and to a lesser extent with ATL blocking, yields negative ozone anomalies between −5 and −10 ppb over the UK, northern France and the Benelux. Conversely, the enhanced zonal flow around 50–60° N during the occurrence of ATL ridges favours the arrival of background air masses from the Atlantic and the ventilation of the boundary layer, producing positive ozone anomalies of  ∼  5 ppb in an area spanning from the British Isles to the northern half of Germany. We also show that multiple linear models on the seasonal frequency of occurrence of these synoptic patterns can explain a considerable fraction of the interannual variability in some winter and summer ozone statistics (mean levels and number of exceedances of the 90th percentile) over some regions of western Europe. Thus, this work provides the first quantitative assessments of the remarkable but distinct impacts that the anticyclonic circulation and the diversion of the zonal flow associated with blocks and ridges exert on surface ozone in Europe. The findings reported here can be exploited in the future to evaluate the modelled responses of ozone to circulation changes within chemical transport models (CTMs) and chemistry–climate models (CCMs).

scholarly journals Managing Vineyard Topography and Seasonal Variability to Improve Grape Quality and Vineyard Sustainability

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1142
Author(s):  
Elena Mania ◽  
Fabio Petrella ◽  
Matteo Giovannozzi ◽  
Mauro Piazzi ◽  
Alena Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Heat Accumulation ◽  
North West ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Topography may induce variability in meteorological conditions at the meso-scale level and could influence grape quality. Understanding the impact of topography on grape ripening allows for the development of sustainable management practices that include topographical influences in their consideration. This is also important for applying proactive strategies able to counter the expected changes of climate. This study was conducted on cv. Nebbiolo vineyards in North-West Italy. The topographic traits were performed in 17 vineyards within the region, which had previously been identified as belonging to different terroir units. An analysis of historical meteorological data series was also carried out to characterize the units from the meteorological point of view. The grape composition was investigated during 2012 and 2013. Based on the topography traits, a Cluster Analysis classified the 17 vineyards into four groups. Differences among groups mainly concerned insolation and heat accumulation. Topography influenced the individual components of grape quality differently depending on the seasonal weather trend. Interactions between topography and vintage were observed for a few parameters. Better understanding the grapevine reaction to external factors/site characteristics can allow for improved site and season-specific management decision making and can contribute to improving vineyard sustainability while maintaining winery objectives and wine typicity.

scholarly journals Europejski kontekst wpływu współczesnych megatrendów na rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy. Ujęcie syntetyczne = The European context of the impact of contemporary megatrends on socio-economic development. A synthetic approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Konecka-Szydłowska ◽  
Paweł Churski ◽  
Tomasz Herodowicz ◽  
Robert Perdał
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

The article aims to analyse the influence on socio-economic development of contemporary socio-economic changes, or – using terminology after John Naisbitt (1982) – main megatrends, primarily from the point of view of the situation and changes characterising the EU’s Member States. The specifics of these processes in the capitalist countries of Western Europe and in the former countries of so-called “people’s democracy” in East-Central Europe are the key element of this discussion. In the context of the spatial patterns identified, discussion centres around trends of: (1) transformation, (2) economic integration, (3) globalisation, and (4) postmodernisation. The first part presents a synthetic characterisation of megatrends distinguished, including as regards specific definitions and reasons for them to arise. The second, most important part of the work addresses the impacts of megatrends n socio-economic development and the specific nature of the process ongoing with the two spatial European patterns. The analysis conducted supports the contention that the megatrends described have played a key role in the shaping contemporary processes of socio-economic development. However, it is difficult to analyse the separate influences of each, given the way they interact in one bundle (external in relation to endogenous ocesses), permeating one another, and ensuring an influence exerted that is diversified both temporally and spatially. It is not easy to state that any specific social or economic changes result solely from one or other of the processes iscussed. Thus, the influence of these megatrends should be perceived synergically. More or less intensive processes of transformation are strengthened by economic integration and globalisation and give rise to a diversified range of postmodernisation changes. This perception is needed even more, as many researchers often consider these processes in a slightly different configuration (Dicken, 2015).

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

МАРКЕТИНГОВІ АСПЕКТИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЛІТЕРАТУРНИХ КОНКУРСІВ ТА ПРЕМІЙ

2020 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
O. Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Media ◽  
Literary Prizes ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>In this study, I have collected and summarized the functional aspects of a literary prize, contest, and rating, which indicate their affiliation with the marketing complex of the publishing house for the first time. For this purpose, I have analyzed and summarized the common concepts of the functioning of literary prizes and contests as advertising tools for publishing activity. Because the previous studies are only focused on the fact of the impact of the prize on the promotion of editions but do not explain it, these aspects have been considered and introduced by me from the book production’s point of view. I investigated that the prizes and the contests in the literary field are effective marketing tools, which meet many publisher’s needs at the same time and can be considered a non-profit form of capital. I have reviewed the works of other authors, who accept that the economic success of the book is rising if the author is a winner of the literary prize or contest. I have found out that the book prize activates the demand for the book, and the literary contest is a tool to track the reader’s reaction to a future publication. In this way, literary prizes and contests can be considered as a way of conducting a marketing dialogue with the target audience. I have focused on the information support of literary national and international prizes and contests by the media, which attracts attention to the book and forms the reader’s interest. The literary prizes and contests are also considered as a way of exploring trends and their changes, familiarization the popular genres among the target audience and fixation the current choice of modern readers. Literary prizes and contests motivate the authors to improve their literary excellence, are the source of new authors and works, and assist in increasing sales of books. However, further research is recommended.</em></p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> book prize, book rating, literary contest, literary prize, functions of the literary prizes.</em>

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