ON VALUE EXTRACTION MECHANISM DURING COMMERCIALIZATION OF SELECTION BREEDING RESULTS

1970 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
S. V. Goncharov ◽  
V. V. Karpachev
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Extraction Mechanism ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Portfolio Development ◽  
Total Seed

To increase the export of grain fat-and-oil products is required the improvement financing scientific research mechanism, since the effectiveness of all links in the value chain depends on the effectiveness of the selection. The mechanisms of value extraction in the implementation of breeding achievements include the use of hybrids, a combination of unique genotypes and production systems. The first component reduces the seeds portion of household use, excluding the royalty collection. From 57% to 79% of listed rapeseed entries in National Registers of nine countries are hybrids. The combination of unique traits in one genotype proved to be effective in the genetically modified (GM) crops, e.a. in "stacks" genotypes with two genes from alien species. The production system means technology with herbicide and seeds package offer. Based on genetic engineering, glufosinate ammonium, glyphosate and bromoxynil resistant seeds are bred and commercialized worldwide; 24% of rapeseed acreage out of the 39 million hectares are GM. Triazine, imidazolinone and sulfonylureas resistance is developed by classical breeding methods. There are three global leaders nowadays: Bayer CS, acquired Monsanto, with total seed sales $ 10.6 billion, Corteva Agriscience (agricultural Department of DowDuPont) ($ 7.3 billion) and Syngenta (acquired by ChemChina) ($ 2.3 billion). Mergers and acquisitions of global players in the pesticide and seed markets reshape the market of agricultural technologies as a set of innovative methods, databases and knowledge for the portfolio development with a package offer of plant protection products, seeds and digital solutions.

scholarly journals Crop Management System Based on Digital Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00188
Author(s):  
A.R. Zakirova ◽  
G.S. Klychova ◽  
A.R. Yusupova ◽  
I.G. Nikitenko ◽  
A.M. Zakirov
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Crop Farming

Crop farming is one of the most important branches of agriculture that ensures the food security of the country. For crop farming development, it is necessary to solve the problems of reducing the quantity and quality of the resulting crop due to insufficient nutrition and care, untimely harvesting and improper storage. To increase the efficiency and sustainability of the industry, it is necessary to digitalize both the production systems and decision-making processes at all levels of management. The study considers the stages of a digital crop management system: accounting for acreage with an electronic field map; organization of crop rotation taking into account organizational, soil-climatic and economic aspects of production; monitoring of technological operations; control of agricultural machinery with the formation of primary documents for accounting for completed works; maintaining a subsystem of material resources using the technic of precision farming; filling in technological maps and accounting for actually completed works with a list of works, the composition of agricultural aggregates, the timing of operations, production rates and fuel consumption, the need for seeds, fertilizers, plant protection products, and the cost of resources. The increased attention to the problem of digital agriculture on the part of the state and the highly competitive environment promote the use of new technological mechanisms and methods of work by agricultural producers, which are based on the use of Internet technologies, satellite navigation, robotics, sensors and sensors, and unmanned vehicles. Digitalization of agricultural processes allows increasing crop productivity, the efficiency of using material resources, equipment and human potential.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF CONVENTIONAL AGRICULTURE (TILLAGE X FERTILIZATION X PLANT PROTECTION) FOR SOYBEAN IN THE TRANSYLVANIAN PLAIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Felicia Mureșanu ◽  
Teodor Rusu ◽  
Felicia Chețan ◽  
Rozalia Kadar ◽  
Diana Hrișcău
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tillage System

"The purpose of this study was to improve conventional agricultural technologies in soybean crop to ensure a higher yield and reduced environmental impact under climate conditions specific for the Transylvanian Plain. For the experimental design a three-factorial experiment was set up (tillage x fertilization x plant protection products). Factor interaction was evaluated using formula AxBxC-R:4x4x4-3 to highlight the benefits of the practices. This study examined yield crops and size of the soybean plants in an effort to identify best practices. Yield was highly increased in conventional soil tillage system (3420 kg/ha), whereas for the minimum soil tillage system and for direct sowing there were no significant difference 2755-2995 kg/ha and 2605 kg/ha, respectively. Crop performance in terms of yield was highly influenced by the soil tillage system (57.5%), followed by plant protection treatments (22.9%) and fertilization (11.8%). Fertilization with N40P40 + gulle + green fertilizer ensured the highest soybean production (3132 kg/ha). Plant protection treatments during vegetation determined significant yield increases, with high influence of insecticides and a cummulative effect when both fungicides and insecticides were used (3193 kg/ha). Highest size of plants was registered in conventional soil tillage system. Overall crop protection treatments during vegetation (insecticide + fungicide) triggered not significant increases in plant size, except Teo TD soybean cultivar."

scholarly journals Management of the pests in the conventional and biological systems for pea growing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (29) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Vinelina Yankova ◽  
◽  
Dima Markova ◽  
Slavka Kalapchieva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Growing Conditions

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a valuable grain legume crop, the seeds of which are used for human food and fodder. The seeds are consumed in a mature or green state. The priorities of the peas as a crop are the following: it is a legume, which enriches the soil with nitrogen; peas are the best possible precursor - clears the areas early; non-particular to soil and growing conditions; high protein content crop. However, the growing process of this crop could be worse by various pests that lead to product quality decay or they could even destroy the pea production. Economically important pests in field cultivation of peas are: pea aphid (Acyrthosyphon pisum Harris), pea weevil (Bruchus pisi L.) and pea moths (Laspeyresia nigricana Step. and Laspeyresia dorsana L.). Field experiments on pea variety Paldin were conducted at the Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Plovdiv to determine the effectiveness of different plant protection products against a natural background of pest infestation. The biological activity of the insecticides Deca EC 50 ml/da (a. i. deltamethrin), Oasis 5 EC 25 ml/da (a. i. esfenvalerate), Piretro Natura 75 ml/da (a. i. pyrethrins), Neem Azal T/C 0.3% (a. i. azadirachtin), Naturalis 100 ml/da (a. i. Beauveria bassiana), Dipel 2 X 100 g/da (a. i. Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain ABTS) and Rapax 100 ml/da (a. i. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, strain EG 2348) against the main pests of peas in conventional and biological production systems was established.

Costs of preventive agronomic measures to reduce deoxynivalenol in wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (7) ◽  
pp. 1033-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ZORN ◽  
T. MUSA ◽  
M. LIPS
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
High Level

SUMMARYCereals are of major importance in human and animal nutrition, and the mycotoxin content is of great health and economic concern for the food sector and consumers. In Europe, Fusarium graminearum (FG) is the prevalent Fusarium species leading to Fusarium head blight on small grain cereals and contamination of grains by its main mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). The present study assessed the costs of preventive agronomic measures to reduce the risk of DON contamination in wheat besides the use of fungicides. The abatement costs were calculated by linking actual data on wheat production costs and profits with assessments of DON contents based on results of the forecast model FusaProg for the period 2005–2011. Analysis revealed that ploughing was a relatively efficient measure to reduce DON risk compared with modifying crop rotation or growing a more FG-resistant wheat variety. Given a threshold value of 1·25 mg DON/kg wheat, a reduction of 0·1 mg DON was related to additional production costs of at least 2·5%. These economic findings are of relevance for farmers and policy makers in order to define sustainable production systems enabling both a high level of food safety and reducing the use of plant protection products.

INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE CROP MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BASED ON DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Guzaliya Klychova ◽  
Alsu Zakirova ◽  
Ayrat Valiev ◽  
Al'fiya Yusupova ◽  
Amina Husainova
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Material Resources

The increased attention to the topic of digital agriculture on the part of the state and high competition contribute to the use of new technological mechanisms and methods of work by agricultural producers, which are based on the use of Internet technologies, satellite navigation, robotics, sensors and sensors, and unmanned vehicles. One of the most important branches of agriculture that ensures the country's food security is crop production. For the development of crop production, it is necessary to solve the problems of reducing the quantity and quality of the resulting crop due to inadequate nutrition and care, untimely harvesting and improper storage. To increase the efficiency and sustainability of the industry, digitalization is required, both of production systems and decision-making processes at all levels of management. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations to improve the efficiency of the crop management system based on digital technologies. The study examines the stages of a digital crop management system: accounting of sown areas with the maintenance of an electronic map of fields; organization of crop rotation, taking into account the organizational, soil-climatic and economic aspects of production; monitoring the performance of technological operations; control over agricultural machinery with the formation of primary documents for accounting for work performed; maintaining a subsystem of material resources using precision farming; filling out technological maps and accounting for the actual work performed, reflecting the list of works, the composition of agricultural units, the timing of operations, the rates of production and consumption of fuel, the need for seeds, fertilizers, plant protection products, the cost of resources. The digitalization of agricultural processes makes it possible to increase yields, productivity and efficiency in the use of material resources, technology and human potential

scholarly journals Effect of the Application Date of Fertilizer Containing Silicon and Potassium on the Yield and Technological Quality of Sugar Beet Roots

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Artyszak ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Alicja Siuda
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Technological Quality

Water shortage and drought are a growing problem in Europe. Therefore, effective methods for limiting its effects are necessary. At the same time, the “field to fork” strategy adopted by the European Commission aims to achieve a significant reduction in the use of plant protection products and fertilizers in the European Union. In an experiment conducted in 2018–2020, the effect of the method of foliar fertilization containing silicon and potassium on the yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots was assessed. The fertilizer was used in seven combinations, differing in the number and time of application. The best results were obtained by treating plants during drought stress. The better soil moisture for the plants, the smaller the pure sugar yield increase was observed. It is difficult to clearly state which combination of silicon and potassium foliar application is optimal, as their effects do not differ greatly.

scholarly journals The Role of Source‐sink Dynamics in the Assessment of Risk to Non‐target Arthropods from the Use of Plant Protection Products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Lewis ◽  
Axel Dinter ◽  
Charlotte Elston ◽  
Michael Thomas Marx ◽  
Christoph Julian Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Source Sink

Measurements of the dermal exposure to bystanders from direct off‐crop drift during the application of plant protection products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian J. Kuster ◽  
Nicola J. Hewitt ◽  
Clare Butler Ellis ◽  
Christian Timmermann ◽  
Thomas Anft
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Dermal Exposure

scholarly journals Field assessment of a pulse width modulation (PWM) spray system applying different spray volumes: duty cycle and forward speed effects on vines spray coverage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Grella ◽  
Fabrizio Gioelli ◽  
Paolo Marucco ◽  
Ingrid Zwertvaegher ◽  
Eric Mozzanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Spray System

AbstractThe pulse width modulation (PWM) spray system is the most advanced technology to obtain variable rate spray application without varying the operative sprayer parameters (e.g. spray pressure, nozzle size). According to the precision agriculture principles, PWM is the prime technology that allows to spray the required amount where needed without varying the droplet size spectra which benefits both the uniformity of spray quality and the spray drift reduction. However, some concerns related to the effect of on–off solenoid valves and the alternating on/off action of adjacent nozzles on final uneven spray coverage (SC) have arisen. Further evaluations of PWM systems used for spraying 3D crops under field conditions are welcomed. A tower-shaped airblast sprayer equipped with a PWM was tested in a vineyard. Twelve configurations, combining duty cycles (DC: 30, 50, 70, 100%) and forward speeds (FS: 4, 6, 8 km h−1), were tested. Two methodologies, namely field-standardized and real field conditions, were adopted to evaluate the effect of DC and FS on (1) SC variability (CV%) along both the sprayer travel direction and the vertical spray profile using long water sensitive papers (WSP), and (2) SC uniformity (IU, index value) within the canopy at different depths and heights, respectively. Furthermore, the SC (%) and deposit density (Nst, no stains cm−2), determined using short WSP, were used to evaluate the spray application performances taking into account the spray volumes applied. Under field-controlled conditions, the pulsing of the PWM system affects both the SC variability measured along the sprayer travel direction and along the vertical spray profile. In contrast, under real field conditions, the PWM system does not affect the uniformity of SC measured within the canopy. The relationship between SC and Nst allowed identification of the ranges of 200–250 and 300–370 l ha−1 as the most suitable spray volumes to be applied for insecticide and fungicide plant protection products, respectively.

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