scholarly journals АНАЛІЗ МІЖНАРОДНОГО ДОСВІДУ ПЕРЕДАЧІ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ВІД УНІВЕРСИТЕТІВ ДО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА

2021 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Олена М. Ніфатова ◽  
Владислав В. Святецький
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Knowledge Triangle ◽  
The Government

The article seeks to explore best international practices of innovation technology transfer from higher education institutions to business environment from the position of an expanded approach to understanding the concept of "technology transfer" in world practice which is used to cover a wider range of activities (in particular, through boosting technology transfer practices in universities as a separate activity type within the traditional knowledge triangle: education – research – business. In this context, technology transfer is viewed as a process of knowledge exchange, including consultancy, joint research, contract-based research as well as other forms of joint new knowledge creation. The study offers insights into best practices in the four top 20 world countries by the highest payment rates for the use of intellectual property which contributes to better understanding of the pathways to develop an effective system of technology transfer in Ukraine. It is argued that Ukrainian universities should create targeted centres for technology transfer with government support and implement best international experience of building similar systems in the developed countries (USA, Japan, France, Spain, etc.). The research findings have revealed that in most developed world countries with the highest royalty rates for the use of intellectual property, the best way to ensure an effective technology transfer is to create an organisational network where at a regional or at the national level a centre is established that accumulates not only financial and human resources but also generates information database and accumulates best practice to enhance and spur the effective commercialization of university R&D. In the context of the key strategic guidelines in technology transfer development for Ukrainian universities, it is suggested they should focus on the following priorities: promoting innovation research and development to respond to market demands; establishing research centres and science parks; increasing the motivation of academic staff for more active research and startup project engagement following the principle of "education through research", as well as the creation of a full-service centre that will carry out a full cycle of activities to support research commercialization, both in universities and at the government level.

scholarly journals THE EVALUATION OF THE EXPEDIENCY’S DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT OF SMALL INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RUSSIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anzhela Litvinova ◽  
Denis Paleev
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Government Support ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Business Entities

This article analyzes the situation of innovative approaches to building business processes and interaction between universities, the government,  and representatives of the business environment. A methodology is proposed by the authors for calculating the feasibility of government support for small innovative enterprises (SIEs) as independent small business entities organized at higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation, the activities of which are aimed at research, development, implementation, and commercialization.The importance and role of small innovative entrepreneurship in the economy of the country and large cities is becoming the main world trend. Russia is trying to match its innovation strategy in small business, but the success is, unfortunately, still negligible. On the part of the government, millions of rubles are allocated to support small innovative entrepreneurship, as well as the construction of technology parks, the creation of business incubators, technological laboratories, and platforms being organized at universities in order to ensure the implementation of innovative projects. In accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 217-FL of August 2, 2009, universities were able to register small innovative enterprises on their territory as independent small businesses in the sphere of innovative development, whose activities are focused mainly on the commercialization of intellectual property objects and their active promotion in the market.Nevertheless, the implementation of new technologies and know-how is associated with greater risks of SIEs and needs a methodical approach to assess the appropriateness of providing government support to such enterprises. We are going to consider and calculate the indicator of the feasibility of government support for a small innovative enterprise in the amount of 50 million rubles for a period of five years for its development and will prove the increase in the efficiency of the enterprise and the possibilities for its development through the government support mechanisms for innovations.

Built Heritage Conservation and the Voluntary Sector: The Case of the Tung Wah Coffin Home in Hong Kong

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Yun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
The Government ◽  
Built Heritage Conservation

AbstractBuilt heritage conservation is not easily achievable through the market, as it involves use of urban space and thus opportunity cost. The problem is more serious if there is no government support. This is the case in Hong Kong, where both the market and the state are not favorable to built heritage conservation. However, in 2005, through a local voluntary organization, a built heritage of Hong Kong—the Tung Wah Coffin Home—was conserved, and the project won one local and one regional conservation award. While conservation of built heritage by the voluntary sector has been common among developed countries, it is new in Hong Kong. This article first situates the issue in a general political-economy perspective and then analyzes the case of the Tung Wah Coffin Home, in particular, in the context of Hong Kong. The purpose is to examine what this case tells us about the role of the voluntary sector and its relationship with the government in providing built heritage conservation.

Fostering the development of Oman’s knowledge economy pillars through ICT

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-714
Author(s):  
Kamla Ali Al-Busaidi
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The Government

Purpose Information and communications technology (ICT) is the driving force and key enabler of a knowledge economy. The purpose of this study is to identify the critical ICT indicators that foster the development of the knowledge economy and its main pillars (education, innovation and economic and institutional regimes) in Oman. Design/methodology/approach The study used a qualitative approach and conducted four Delphi studies on four groups of experts (ICT experts, educators, innovation experts and economists) in Oman. Findings The results indicated that the most commonly top-listed ICT indicators of a boost in the country’s knowledge economy are related to the national level (total research and development expenditure on ICT, ICT patents as a percentage of national total and ICT as an overall priority for the government), firm level (the proportion of businesses using the internet, the proportion of businesses using computers and the proportion of businesses with a Web presence), and inhabitant level (mobile phone subscribers per 100 inhabitants, internet subscribers per 100 inhabitants and personal computers per 100 inhabitants). Originality/value ICT is the driving pillar of a knowledge economy. The literature indicated that most of the ICTs for development studies are conducted in developed countries; hence, there is a great need for investigations in the context of less developed economies such as Oman. This study can provide insights for the country on how to develop and exploit ICT to boost the development of the overall knowledge economy and its pillars and to provide guidance for exploiting ICT to gain economic value. Oman’s vision for 2020 and 2040 aims at economic diversification; the knowledge economy is a critical aspect of the country’s economic diversification. In addition, the literature indicated that the relationship between ICT and development is still not clear; hence, this study provided some insights into the context of knowledge economy development.

scholarly journals Conceptual approaches to economic growth: the need to transform national financial policy imperatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Нanna Telnova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Financial Policies ◽  
Financial Architecture ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government

Turbulent global processes, driven by the slowdown in the economy growing, including developed countries, require further understanding of the role of financial factors, the heterogeneous impact of which is conditioned by the globalization of financial markets. The analysis of existing conceptual approaches to economic growth allows identifying bottlenecks of the national financial architecture and specifying positive aspects of successful development. The study proved the need to generalize the provisions of the Keynesian and neo-liberal theory (avoiding unipolar compositions financial architecture), supplementing them with recommendations for implementing financial dirigisme in the face of economic shocks. Given the need to transform national financial policies, the focus is on creating conditions for development of the real economy, as a main source of economic growth, through the government support.

scholarly journals Institutions and Entrepreneurship Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Chowdhury ◽  
David B. Audretsch ◽  
Maksim Belitski
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Government Size ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Cognition ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Entrepreneurship contributes importantly to the economy. However, differences in the quality and quantity of entrepreneurship vary significantly across developing and developed countries. We use a sample of 70 countries over the period of 2005–2015 to examine how formal and informal institutional dimensions (availability of debt and venture capital, regulatory business environment, entrepreneurial cognition and human capital, corruption, government size, government support) affect the quality and quantity of entrepreneurship between developed and developing countries. Our results demonstrate that institutions are important for both the quality and quantity of entrepreneurship. However, not all institutions play a similar role; rather, there is a dynamic relationship between institutions and economic development.

Measuring university technology transfer efficiency: a maturity level approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giustina Secundo ◽  
Christle De Beer ◽  
Giuseppina Passiante
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Organization Design ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Maturity Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Purpose The process of innovation in developing countries is different from that of developed countries, with mature technologies often being adopted with limited success. Universities are increasingly being viewed by policymakers as engines of innovation through the technology transfer office (TTO). However, with the adoption of various new intellectual property right legislation, university TTOs in developing countries have had an inefficient approach to technology transfer. Framed in the above premises, this study aims to develop a Maturity Model to measure, through non-monetary indicators, the efficiency of TTOs. Design/methodology/approach The Maturity Model is inspired by the Berkley (PM)2 Model which allows an organization to determine strengths and weaknesses and to focus on weak practices to achieve higher maturity. Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is adopted to determine the priorities and weights of the non-monetary indicators because they are ambiguous. Findings The Maturity Model to measure the efficiency of TTO cover the following efficiency areas: intellectual property strategy and policy; organization design and structure; human resource; technology; industry links; and networking. The model provides a theoretical continuum along which the process of maturity can be developed incrementally in TTO from one level to the next, moving from awareness, defined, managed, integrated and sustained stage. Research limitations/implications The Maturity Model needs to be tested and applied in TTOs in developing countries. Practical implications The Maturity Model provides a means to sustain the decision-making process more effectively, especially in those countries considered as an inefficient innovator. Originality/value The findings inform the design of a customizable solution to barriers to the success of technology transfer and highlight weaknesses within each institution or TTOs efficiency.

scholarly journals University–Industry Linkages in Promoting Technology Transfer: A Study of Vietnamese Technical and Engineering Universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Hieu Hoc ◽  
Nguyen Duc Trong
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Individual Actor ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University ◽  
University Industry ◽  
University Industry Linkages

Both university and industry are key actors of the national innovation system (NIS) of any country (OECD (1997) National Innovation Systems, OECD Publishing, Paris). Not only does the university or industry contribute to the knowledge production and transformation in the NIS as an individual actor but also the collaboration between these two institutions is increasingly a critical component of the NIS. This is truly illustrated either in developed countries or in developing ones. This article first reviews the current status of NIS in Vietnam to see the contribution of Vietnamese universities in knowledge transfer. Second, it describes the collaboration between university and industry in Vietnam by presenting the findings of a survey of 570 respondents, who are teaching at five Vietnamese technical and engineering universities to better understand the different types of university-industry (U–I) collaboration and motivations of and barriers to the university and industry linkage in Vietnam. Based on such findings, some recommendations to promote the university and industry linkage in research and technology transfer are proposed for the university, the industry and the government so that the Vietnam’s NIS will have more impact on economic development.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN TEORI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP HAK CIPTA ATAS PENYIARAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annisa Justisia Tirtakoesoemah ◽  
Muhammad Rusli Arafat
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
National Income ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The State ◽  
Copyright Holder ◽  
The Government

<p><em>Intellectual property rights by nature provide economic benefits to the creator or holder of copyright and also to the state. Among the European countries that are members of the Euroean Union (EU) and in America, this awareness of economic benefits has been firmly planted. In these developed countries, several economic studies have been conducted which have proven the rapid growth of copyright contribution to the national income of the country. The need to recognize, protect and reward individuals or companies for their inventions and access to their work for the benefit of humans is beginning to be felt in Indonesia. In the context of copyright ownership over anything related to intellectual property rights, the law acts and guarantees the creator to control and enjoy exclusively the results of his work and if necessary with the assistance of the state for law enforcement. The results showed that legal protection can be carried out with supervision by the government and involves legal entities that already have the authority, socializing both the creators of a work or the copyright holder of a related rights product on the importance of registering or recording the work and the copyright holder submits lawsuit to the Commercial Court.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong></p><p><em><em>Legal Protection, Intellectual Property Rights, Copyright, Legal Entity</em><br /></em></p>

scholarly journals THE CURRENT STATE OF INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN UKRAINE

Management ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Оlena М. Nifatova ◽  
Vladyslav V. Sviatetskyi
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Technology Market

Introduction. The implementation of modern tools for the transfer of innovative technologies from research centers to the business environment is one of the main criteria for Ukraine to enter the globalization space of technologically advanced countries. In view of the above, the analysis of the current state of innovation and technology transfer in Ukraine in order to form development priorities with a focus on advanced global models becomes relevant.Research hypothesis. It is assumed that the implementation of modern tools for the transfer of innovative technologies from research centers to the business environment will be the basis for the creation of a new type of university, the effectiveness of which will be measured by the introduction of enterprises in various fields of innovation and projects.The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of innovation and technology transfer in Ukraine.Research methods: statistical analysis and logical generalization – to study trends in the field of technology transfer in Ukraine.Results: the current state of innovation and technology transfer in Ukraine is analyzed. Ukraine's place in the global innovation index is assessed according to the main indicators. Factors of efficiency of commercialization of university inventions are allocated. The functioning of effective technology transfer centers on the example of Spain is considered.Conclusions: technology transfer is a promising mechanism for economic stabilization of a country. In Ukraine, due to weak interaction between science and business, technology transfer is not developed at the proper level. To overcome such negative trends, it is necessary to use institutional factors – improving the legal framework in the field of technology transfer and developing public policy on the commercialization of intellectual property, intensifying the development of technology market infrastructure and involving enterprises in working with intellectual property.

scholarly journals Agricultural insurance with state support as a tool of agricultural financial stability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Meshchaninova ◽  
◽  
V. A. Shevchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Government Support ◽  
State Support ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Government

Purpose: to study the system of agricultural insurance with state support in Russia to identify its advantages. Discussion. The share of agriculture in Russia's gross domestic product structure is 4 % on average. Not only food security of the country, but also an increase in the exported agricultural products volume is ensured. Unfortunately, the industry’s development prospects do not have stable dynamics due to both internal and external economic factors. The experience of the developed countries shows that government support is a key factor for sustainable agricultural development and increasing its competitiveness. This need is due to the specific risks of agriculture. So, in crop production, weather risks which are annually exposed to a number of the country agrarian-oriented regions in areas of risky farming are unpredictable. The new system of agricultural insurance with state support, consisting of two types of subsidies, guarantees compensation for agricultural producers from extreme weather situations without reference to the timing of the harvest, and also provides for a insurance certificate cost reduction. With a view to sustainable development of agriculture, the government provides for other state support programs aimed at adjusting budgetary policy, concessional lending, as well as the introduction of new “short” grants for farmers. Despite the measures taken, the volume of agricultural insurance is lower than potential due to the loss of the insured's confidence in the insurance business. Conclusions. The agricultural insurance market in Russia has a tendency to expand since 2019, and the driver of this dynamics is the changed conditions of state support for agricultural insurance.

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