scholarly journals Comparative Study of Indonesian Spectra Response Parameters for Buildings According To 2012 and 2019 Seismic Codes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Restu Faizah ◽  
◽  
Rahma Amaliah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Seismic Codes ◽  
Seismic Code ◽  
Earthquake Load

The Indonesian government has determined a new seismic code for structural design of buildings and non-buildings, namely SNI 1726:2019. This new code is a revision of the previous code of 2012. The fundamental difference between the two seismic codes of 2012 and 2019 is in the earthquake hazard map (EHM) that was used. 2012 seismic code uses the EHM-2010, while 2019 seismic code uses the EHM-2017. The EHM-2017 has been updated by revising a data of subduction parameters and updating the number of active faults from 81 to 251. This revision has an impact on increasing the spectral value of SS and S1 which is a parameter that must be reviewed in structural planning. This study investigated the seismicity status of 34 cities in Indonesia by comparing the values of the spectra response parameters (SDS and SD1) according to seismic code of 2012 and 2019. This study found that the SDS and SD1 value from 2012 to 2019 increased in 15 cities but decreased or remained in 19 other cities. The cities that experienced an increase of SDS and SD1 values were Bandar Lampung, Banjarmasin, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jayapura, Manokrawi, Medan, Palembang, Palu, Pangkal Pinang, Pontianak, Serang, Surabaya, Tanjung Selor, and Yogyakarta. It seems that the vulnerability assessment of the existing building in the 15 cities must be done to estimate their capacity under earthquake load designed by 2019 Seismic Code. Overall, Jayapura city has the highest of SDS and SD1 values in 2019 compared to the other cities.

‘Synergy’, ‘energy’ and ‘symbol’ in Pavel Florensky and Palamism

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Dmitry Biryukov
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pavel Florensky

AbstractThis article is a study of Pavel Florensky's philosophy of symbol in the context of his discovery of Palamism in the 1910s, when Florensky started to speak of symbol using Palamite language. It proposes a fundamental difference between Florensky's and Palamas’ teachings on symbol: Palamas views a natural symbol as the energy of an essence, while for Florensky symbol is the essence itself, the energy of which synergises with the energies of other essence. In this context the prehistory of the concept of synergy in Florensky is studied, leading to the identification of a further difference in the ontologies of Florensky and Palamas: while Florensky's ‘essence-energy’ has the property of necessary correlation with the ‘other’, following the tendencies of the philosophy of that epoch, in Palamas ‘energy’ does not presuppose any necessary correlation with the ‘other’. The author connects this difference in ontologies between the two thinkers with their respective teachings on symbol.

Study on Wear-Preventing of Needle Valve in Fuel Injection System Mounted on DME Engine

2011 ◽  
Vol 228-229 ◽  
pp. 1057-1062
Author(s):  
Xin Rong Wen ◽  
Guang De Zhang ◽  
Wei Hua Wang ◽  
Xie Lu ◽  
Sun Jing
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Dynamic Instability ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Needle Valve ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Theoretical Support

The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical support for the structural design to prevent the wear of needle. The actual wear of the orientation part of the needle in scrapped needles was researched. The presented results showed that the main reason to the wear of the orientation part of needle was the dynamic instability and the abrasives enter into the surface of orientation part which increases the wear, and that the calculation model of dynamic stability was proposed to prevent the wear of needle. This model was a pressure rod, one end of which was fixed, the other was free, and the two ends were pressed on axial force which changes with time. Besides, the classic formula of dynamic stability of pressure rod was changed rationally, so as to correspond with the calculation model. It will play a part in preventing the wear of needle.

Husserl and Levinas

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (51) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
João Carvalho ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transcendental Phenomenology ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Alter Ego

This paper presents two different, although related, approaches to the problem of the experience of the other person: E. Husserl’s phenomenology of intersubjectivity and E. Levinas’ ethics. I begin by (1) addressing the transcendental significance of the experience of intersubjectivity in the broader context of Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology. I then turn to (2) Husserl’s solution to the paradox of constituting the alter ego, identifying and elucidating the key‑concepts of his inquiry. I hold that throughout his analysis there is a dominant underlying meaning in which the alterity of the other person is progressively suppressed and, ultimately, elided. Finally, I discuss (3) the consequences of Husserl’s analysis of the other in light of Levinas’ ethics. I hold that Husserl’s claim that there is a fundamental difference between the experience of myself and my analogical experience of the other is the basis upon which Levinas’ develops a new concept of experience, not as perception but as encounter. Upon close reading, I claim that Levinas’ revision of the topic of alterity is, ultimately, a consequence of Husserl’s transcendental analysis of intersubjectivity.

Observations on the Biting-habits of African Mosquitos in the Genus Eretmapodites Theobald

1956 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Haddow
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Activity Curve ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One

The biting-habits of mosquitos in the genus Eretmapodites Theobald, as shown by 24-hour catches, display a certain uniformity in that all the species studied are essentially diurnal and bite very close to the ground, in shade. They do not enter dwellings.When, however, two localities are compared (the Entebbe area and Bwamba County) it is found that there is a fundamental difference in behaviour. At Entebbe there is an exceedingly well-marked wave of activity before sunset. This does not occur in Bwamba, where the cycle shows no pronounced characteristics apart from its generally diurnal nature. It is shown that this difference arises from the fact that in Bwamba the first hour of biting-activity tends to be the most intense (no matter when it occurs) whereas in Entebbe the hour before sunset is almost always preferred.One group (the E. chrysogaster group) is present in both localities. In Entebbe it shows an activity curve of the one type, and in Bwamba a curve of the other type.It is concluded that some environmental influence must be involved. At the moment, however, no suggestion can be made concerning the nature of this influence, beyond the fact that the activity-patterns concerned are not easily explained in terms of microclimate.

Stretta vs Canon

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-62
Author(s):  
А.П. Милка ◽  
К.И. Южак
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
General Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
The Difference

Оба термина широко представлены в современных словарях и руководствах, а их трактовка близка к синонимической. Вероятно, по этой причине определения данных терминов практически всегда рассматриваются порознь и не сопоставляются. Следствием такого положения оказывается не вполне адекватное их понимание и теоретическое обоснование. Статья посвящена сравнению стретты и канона — как близких, но разных явлений и как отражающих их терминов. Общая для обоих явлений каноническая природа проявляется в них существенно по-разному. Показать, в чем суть их родства и расхождений между ними и как это должно отражаться в комплексе дефиниций, — задача, поставленная в статье. В основе рассуждений лежат два тезиса, касающиеся принципиального различия между соответствующими каноническими построениями. Один тезис касается природы пропост в стретте и в каноне — функциональных и композиционно-синтаксических различий между темой фуги в стретте и одноголосным началом (вступительным отделом) пропосты в каноне. Другой тезис касается интонационно-содержательных различий между завершениями собственно канонического развертывания стретты и строгой (регламентированной) части канона. Общий анализ всех показанных различий позволяет внести уточнения в соответствующие определения. Both terms are widely represented in modern dictionaries and manuals, and their interpretation is close to synonymous. This feature is probably the reason that the definitions of these terms are almost always considered separately and not compared, which results in not quite adequate understanding and theoretical explanation. As the title suggests, the article is devoted to comparing stretta and canon — as close though different phenomena (as well as the terms reflecting them). The authors seek to show, what is the essence of their relatedness and differences and how this should be reflected in the complex of definitions. The canonical nature, which is common to both phenomena, demonstrates itself in stretta and in canon in a different way. The reasoning is based on two theses concerning the fundamental difference between the corresponding canonical constructions. One of them refers to the different nature of the propostas in stretta and canon (we are talking about the difference between the theme in the fugue and the monophonic part of proposta in a canon). The other thesis is connected with the differences in the completion of the canonical section of the stretta and the strict part of the canon. A general analysis of the differences allows us to refine the respective definitions.

ENHANCEMENT OF INTEGRATED EARTHQUAKE SIMULATION WITH HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 271-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HORI ◽  
G. SOBHANINEJAD ◽  
T. ICHIMURA ◽  
M. LALITH
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Computing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Earthquake Simulation ◽  
Earthquake Damages ◽  
Performance Computing ◽  
Integrated Earthquake Simulation

Integrated earthquake simulation (IES) is a system to estimate possible earthquake hazard and disaster which can take place in an urban area by means of seamless numerical computation. High-performance computing (HPC) is enhanced so that IES is able to simulate a larger area in a shorter time, by improving the system architecture and adding new elements which smoothens the system's efficiency. It is shown in numerical experiments (which are carried out for actual urban areas) that the performance of IES enhanced with HPC is satisfactory. A new system is developed to generate a hazard map which depicts earthquake damages in higher spatial resolution by taking advantage of IES enhanced with HPC. It is shown that such maps can be generated for Tokyo metropolis in half a day.

EERI Distinguished Lecture 1997 Professional Commitments to Earthquake Engineering

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-657
Author(s):  
Thomas Paulay
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Generous Support ◽  
The One ◽  
Creative Effort ◽  
Quality Construction

Philosophical concepts, biased toward structural design in seismic regions, are offered. Certain misconceptions in the aims, planning and execution of structural design are sketched. Apparent diverging professional interests, motivating on the one hand young academics dedicated to pursuing challenges in research, and on the other hand those of experienced practitioners, are contrasted. A plea is made to use in seismic design rationality and simplicity in application. The primary aim in the art of structural design should be to impart to the system specific properties that will make the seismic response of our buildings extremely tolerant with respect to earthquake-induced demands, which presently we can predict only with considerable crudeness. A postulated rational and deterministic, yet simple, design strategy should be implemented with equal dedication to high-quality construction. This part of the creative effort is likely to result in properties of the finished product, our buildings, which earthquakes will also recognize and respect. An appeal is made to all those committed to earthquake engineering to engage in active and generous support of technology transfer in an attempt to alleviate the overwhelming and immediate needs of societies in developing countries.

A Discussion on the measurement and interpretation of changes of strain in the Earth - Methods for prediction and evaluation of tidal tilt data from borehole and observatory sites near active faults

1973 ◽  
Vol 274 (1239) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Lower Shear ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ocean Loading ◽  
Local Earthquake ◽  
Linear Slope

Tilt has been measured continuously at tidal sensitivity in borehole and observatory sites in the San Francisco Bay region, California. These sites, within a few kilometres of a m ajor fault and the Pacific Ocean, are part of an extensive network measuring strain and microseismicity. Static response of the Presidio site to ocean loading at the M 2 frequency best fits a finite-element model with lower shear modulus in the San Andreas fault zone than in adjacent material at the same depth. The Presidio tilt data exhibit a secular trend less than 3 (rrad/year superim posed on local earthquake and meteorological effects. On two occasions earthquakes (M„ > 4.3) occurred within 55 km of a station and were preceded by anom alous tilt accumulating to 1 ^rad over several days with an accelerated rate of tilt a few hours before the events. The root-mean-square (r.m.s.) difference for two stations of 25 km apart for 700 h before and after one of these events was 5 x 10-8 and 2 x 10 ^ respectively . A similar r.m.s. difference was observed before and after a larger ( M b> 5) but more distant (180 km) earthquake from the same two stations. This latter event did not, however, exhibit the extreme linear slope (10~9 rad/h) of the two earlier earthquakes. Although such anomalies can be correlated with meteorological activity over short periods of time, they do not correlate for periods approaching one month. A transfer function derived during a period w hen there were no local earthquakes can be used for calculating tilt response to surface loading from telemetered meteorological and tilt data. These results can then be input for a prediction beyond the data, and the error in prediction monitored as a final output for instrument performance and potential earthquake hazard.

Elastic Instability of a Stringer on Thin Sheets

1962 ◽  
Vol 66 (620) ◽  
pp. 530-531
Author(s):  
J. B. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Diffusion Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elastic Instability ◽  
Thin Sheets ◽  
Aircraft Structures

Figure 1 illustrates a load diffusion problem which occurs in ship structural design, and which may also be relevant to aircraft structures. A load applied to one end of a stringer is diffused into the attached sheet and eventually reacted by shearing forces at the longitudinal edges. The transverse edges of the sheet and the other end of the stringer are not loaded.Various methods, which differ in their assumptions regarding stresses and displacements in the sheet, are available for tackling this problem. For calculating the distribution of load or stress in the stringer it makes little difference which method is used. The “finite stringer” method of reference (1) is the simplest and should be sufficiently accurate for most cases.

A Method for Creating Real-Time Earthquake Hazard Map in Korean Peninsula

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Hyeju Oh ◽  
◽  
Jieun Im ◽  
Yelim Lee ◽  
Sanghoo Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Hazard Map
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