scholarly journals Application of Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment equations to the Thai population

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Rungkarn Inthawong ◽  
Khaled Khatab ◽  
Malcolm Whitfield ◽  
Karen Collins ◽  
Maruf A. Raheem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Thai Population

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease risk prediction in older people: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
pp. BJGP.2020.1038
Author(s):  
Denise Ann Taylor ◽  
Katharine Wallis ◽  
Sione Feki ◽  
Sione Segili Moala ◽  
Manusiu He-Naua Esther Latu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Older People ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cvd Risk

Background: Despite cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction equations becoming more widely available for people aged 75 years and over, views of older people on CVD risk assessment are unknown. Aim: To explore older people’s views on CVD risk prediction and its assessment. Design and Setting: Qualitative study of community dwelling older New Zealanders. Methods: We purposively recruited a diverse group of older people. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Results: Thirty-nine participants (mean age 74 years) of Māori, Pacific, South Asian and European ethnicities participated in one of 26 interviews or three focus groups. Three key themes emerged, (1) Poor knowledge and understanding of cardiovascular disease and its risk assessment, (2) Acceptability and perceived benefit of knowing and receiving advice on managing personal cardiovascular risk; and (3) Distinguishing between CVD outcomes; stroke and heart attack are not the same. Most participants did not understand CVD terms but were familiar with ‘heart attack,’ ‘stroke’ and understood lifestyle risk factors for these events. Participants valued CVD outcomes differently, fearing stroke and disability which might adversely affect independence and quality of life, but being less concerned about a heart attack, perceived as causing less disability and swifter death. These findings and preferences were similar across ethnic groups. Conclusion: Older people want to know their CVD risk and how to manage it, but distinguish between CVD outcomes. To inform clinical decision making for older people, risk prediction tools should provide separate event types rather than just composite outcomes.

scholarly journals New Zealand Diabetes Cohort Study cardiovascular risk score for people with Type 2 diabetes: validation in the PREDICT cohort

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Robinson ◽  
C Raina Elley ◽  
Sue Wells ◽  
Elizabeth Robinson ◽  
Tim Kenealy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cardiovascular Event ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Risk Equation ◽  
Framingham Risk

INTRODUCTION: New Zealand (NZ) guidelines recommend treating people for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk on the basis of five-year absolute risk using a NZ adaptation of the Framingham risk equation. A diabetes-specific Diabetes Cohort Study (DCS) CVD predictive risk model has been developed and validated using NZ Get Checked data. AIM: To revalidate the DCS model with an independent cohort of people routinely assessed using PREDICT, a web-based CVD risk assessment and management programme. METHODS: People with Type 2 diabetes without pre-existing CVD were identified amongst people who had a PREDICT risk assessment between 2002 and 2005. From this group we identified those with sufficient data to allow estimation of CVD risk with the DCS models. We compared the DCS models with the NZ Framingham risk equation in terms of discrimination, calibration, and reclassification implications. RESULTS: Of 3044 people in our study cohort, 1829 people had complete data and therefore had CVD risks calculated. Of this group, 12.8% (235) had a cardiovascular event during the five-year follow-up. The DCS models had better discrimination than the currently used equation, with C-statistics being 0.68 for the two DCS models and 0.65 for the NZ Framingham model. DISCUSSION: The DCS models were superior to the NZ Framingham equation at discriminating people with diabetes who will have a cardiovascular event. The adoption of a DCS model would lead to a small increase in the number of people with diabetes who are treated with medication, but potentially more CVD events would be avoided. KEYWORDS: Cardiovascular disease; diabetes; prevention; risk assessment; reliability and validity

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk assessment: Audit findings from a nurse clinic – a quality improvement initiative

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Sarah Waldron ◽  
Margaret Horsburgh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Quality Improvement Initiative ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Prescribing Trends

BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT: Evidence has shown the effectiveness of risk factor management in reducing mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease (CVD). An audit of a nurse CVD risk assessment programme undertaken between November 2005 and December 2008 in a Northland general practice. METHOD : A retrospective audit of CVD risk assessment with data for the first entry of 621 patients collected exclusively from PREDICT-CVDTM, along with subsequent data collected from 320 of these patients who had a subsequent assessment recorded at an interval ranging from six months to three years (18 month average). RESULTS: Of the eligible population (71%) with an initial CVD risk assessment, 430 (69.2%) had a five year absolute risk less than 15%, with 84 (13.5%) having a risk greater than 15% and having not had a cardiovascular event. Of the patients with a follow-up CVD risk assessment, 34 showed improvement. Medication prescribing for patients with absolute CVD risk greater than 15% increased from 71% to 86% for anti-platelet medication and for lipid lowering medication from 65% to 72% in the audit period. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENT: The recently available ‘heart health’ trajectory tool will help patients become more aware of risks that are modifiable, together with community support to engage more patients in the nurse CVD prevention programme. Further medication audits to monitor prescribing trends. LESSONS: Patients who showed an improvement in CVD risk had an improvement in one or more modifiable risk factors and became actively involved in making changes to their health. KEYWORDS: Cardiovascular disease risk assessment; nurse clinics; audit

scholarly journals Tools for Assessing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Underserved Young Adult Populations: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13305
Author(s):  
Audrey A. Opoku-Acheampong ◽  
Richard R. Rosenkranz ◽  
Koushik Adhikari ◽  
Nancy Muturi ◽  
Cindy Logan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools

Cardiovascular disease (CVD, i.e., disease of the heart and blood vessels) is a major cause of death globally. Current assessment tools use either clinical or non-clinical factors alone or in combination to assess CVD risk. The aim of this review was to critically appraise, compare, and summarize existing non-clinically based tools for assessing CVD risk factors in underserved young adult (18–34-year-old) populations. Two online electronic databases—PubMed and Scopus—were searched to identify existing risk assessment tools, using a combination of CVD-related keywords. The search was limited to articles available in English only and published between January 2008 and January 2019. Of the 10,383 studies initially identified, 67 were eligible. In total, 5 out of the 67 articles assessed CVD risk in underserved young adult populations. A total of 21 distinct CVD risk assessment tools were identified; six of these did not require clinical or laboratory data in their estimation (i.e., non-clinical). The main non-clinically based tools identified were the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire, the Health Beliefs Related to CVD-Perception measure, the Healthy Eating Opinion Survey, the Perception of Risk of Heart Disease Scale, and the WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease factor surveillance (i.e., the STEPS instrument).

Cardiovascular disease risk assessment in an Aboriginal community-controlled health service: comparing algorithms

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Fitzgerald ◽  
Ana Herceg ◽  
Kirsty Douglas ◽  
Nadeem Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Torres Strait

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have high rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The National Vascular Disease Prevention Alliance (NVDPA) CVD risk assessment algorithm is used for all Australians. The Central Australian Rural Practitioners Association (CARPA) algorithm used in the Northern Territory adds five percentage points to all NVDPA risk scores for Indigenous Australians. Information was extracted from an Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Service for all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander regular clients aged 35–74 years without known CVD (n=1057). CVD risk scores were calculated using both algorithms. Prescription of lipid-lowering medications was assessed. Clients with high-risk scores were reviewed and recalled if required. CVD risk scores were calculated for 362 (34.4%) clients. Clients with high CVD risk comprised 17.7% (NVDPA) or 23.8% (CARPA), with most determined clinically. Clients with low CVD risk comprised 73.7% (NVDPA) or 47.2% (CARPA). More than 30% of those with high risk were not on lipid-lowering medications. Significant health and social issues affected treatment uptake. It is unclear which algorithm is most applicable; however, this service has decided to continue to use the NVDPA algorithm. Use of CVD risk assessment and management of high-risk clients could be increased in primary care.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease risk assessment in diabetes and metabolic syndrome patients with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alim ◽  
Rakesh K. Sahay ◽  
Nuwairah Hafiz ◽  
B. Prabhakar ◽  
Mohammed Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> Recently non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been suggested as independent cardiovascular (CVD) risk factor and many studies have shown strong links between NAFLD and CVD but NAFLD has not been related to cardiovascular mortality independently on a long term follow up. Inflammation and oxidative stress is well recognized factors for NALFD which lead to many interrelated factors contributing to cardiovascular risk. Aim: To study the cardiovascular disease risk in diabetes and metabolic syndrome patients with and without NAFLD using different risk assessment calculators.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>This was a single center, prospective cross sectional study. 62 patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome attending the endocrinology &amp; gastroenterology clinics of Osmania General Hospital were enrolled in to the study with 31 patients in group A (NAFLD) and 31 patients in group B (Non-NAFLD). Patients were diagnosed with fatty liver by ultrasound examination.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong>The groups were individually evaluated for cardiovascular risk assessment by PROCAM risk score, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) score and atherosclerosis Index. The means ± standard(%) deviation of Procam risk score for NAFLD group was 6.00 ± 1.00 and for Non NAFLD group it was 10.00 ± 2.00 (p=0.039). ASCVD risk score shows 5.11 ± 1.12 for NAFLD and Non NAFLD group showed 8.25 ± 2.18 (p=0.235). The Atherosclerosis index for NAFLD group was 0.24 ± 0.03 and Non NAFLD 0.18 ± 0.04 (p=0.785). The QRsik2 score for NAFLD and Non-NAFLD patients was 13.16 ± 7.56 and 17.45 ± 10.36.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>There was no difference in CVD risk assessment when assessed with different calculators in this population.</p>

Utility of Cardiovascular Imaging to Refine Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Sommer Bittencourt ◽  
Edward A. Hulten ◽  
Khurram Nasir ◽  
Ron Blankstein
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cardiovascular Imaging ◽  
Cvd Risk

scholarly journals Protocol for the WARM Hearts study: examining cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged and older women - a prospective, observational cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e044227
Author(s):  
Alexandra V Rose ◽  
Kevin F Boreskie ◽  
Jacqueline L Hay ◽  
Liam Thompson ◽  
Rakesh C Arora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Observational Cohort

IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in women. Novel approaches to detect early signs of elevated CVD risk in women are needed. Enhancement of traditional CVD risk assessment approaches through the addition of procedures to assess physical function or frailty as well as novel biomarkers of cardiovascular, gut and muscle health could improve early identification. The Women’s Advanced Risk-assessment in Manitoba (WARM) Hearts study will examine the use of novel non-invasive assessments and biomarkers to identify women who are at elevated risk for adverse cardiovascular events.Methods and analysisOne thousand women 55 years of age or older will be recruited and screened by the WARM Hearts observational, cohort study. The two screening appointments will include assessments of medical history, gender variables, body composition, cognition, frailty status, functional fitness, physical activity levels, nutritional status, quality of life questionnaires, sleep behaviour, resting blood pressure (BP), BP response to moderate-intensity exercise, a non-invasive measure of arterial stiffness and heart rate variability. Blood sample analysis will be used to assess lipid and novel biomarker profiles and stool samples will support the characterisation of gut microbiota. The incidence of the adverse cardiovascular outcomes will be assessed 5 years after screening to compare WARM Hearts approaches to the Framingham Risk Score, the current clinical standard of assessing CVD risk in Canada.Ethics and disseminationThe University of Manitoba Health Research Ethics Board (7 October 2019) and the St Boniface Hospital Research Review Committee (7 October 2019) approved the trial (Ethics Number HS22576 (H2019:063)). Recruitment started 10 October 2020. Data gathered from the WARM Hearts study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. Knowledge translation strategies will be created to share our findings with stakeholders who are positioned to implement evidence-informed CVD risk assessment programming.Trial registration numberNCT03938155.

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