scholarly journals Porfiry Afanasyevich Dibrova: at the origins of scientific pomiculture in the Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
T. N. Slepneva ◽  
A. V. Shlyavas
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Standard Set

Porfiry Afanasyevich Dibrova was one of the first scientists and breeders standing at the origins of scientific pomiculture in the Urals. He was the author of 23 cultivars of apple, six of pear, one of sour cherry, and one of black currant. In the 1940s, he was the leader of collecting missions exploring the local assortment of fruit and berry crops in 50 districts of Sverdlovsk and Molotov (Perm) Provinces, and the Udmurt Republic. P.A. Dibrova was one of the authors of the first standard set of fruit and berry cultivars for the abovementioned areas. He studied regularities in the inheritance of valuable agronomic and biological traits of fruit crops and identified promising sources for apple and pear breeding. He launched the main plant breeding trends in the Middle Urals, now followed by contemporary breeders: the development of highly winter-hardy cultivars of apple and pear with fruiting precocity, stable yields, excellent fruit quality, and improved biochemical composition in fruits.

The first results of isotopic (U-Pb, ID-TIMS) dating of individual zircon grains from dolerite dikes of the Eastern zone of the Urals

LITOSFERA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
V. N. Smirnov ◽  
K. S. Ivanov ◽  
T. V. Bayanova
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Geochemistry ◽  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Electron Multiplier ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Eastern Zone ◽  
First Results

Research subject. The article presents the results of dating two dolerite dikes differing in geochemical features from a section along the Iset river in the area of Smolinskoe settlement (the Eastern zone of the Middle Urals). Materials and methods. The dating was performed by an U-Pb ID-TIMS technique for single zircon grains using an artificial 205Pb/235U tracer in the laboratory of geochronology and isotope geochemistry of the Geological Institute of the Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The lead isotopic composition and uranium and lead concentrations were measured using a Finnigan-MAT (RPQ) seven-channel mass spectrometer in dynamic mode using a secondary electron multiplier and RPQ quadrupole in ion counting mode. Results. The dikes were dated 330 ± 3 Ma and 240 ± 2 Ma. Conclusions. The research results indicate different ages of dolerite dikes developed within the Eastern zone of the Middle Urals. The oldest of the two established age levels corresponds to the Early Carboniferous era. This fact, along with the proximity of the dolerites to the petrochemical features of the basaltoids of the Early Carboniferous Beklenischevsky volcanic complex, allows these bodies to be considered as hypabyssal comagmates of these volcanics. The youngest obtained age level – Triassic – indicates that the introduction of some dolerite dikes was associated with the final phases of the trapp formation developed rarely within the eastern outskirts of the Urals and widely further east in the foundation (pre-Jurassic basement) of the West-Siberian Plate.

NEW VARIETIES OF CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRY BREEDING PLANTS

1970 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
O. D. Golyaeva ◽  
O. V. Kurashev ◽  
S. D. Knyazev ◽  
А. Yu. Bakhotskaya
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Agricultural Sciences ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
First Time ◽  
Red Currant

The main goal of the scientific institution was and remains to improve the assortment of fruit and berry crops for the development of domestic horticulture. Black currant breeding at VNIISPK was started by A.F Tamarova and continued by the doctor of agricultural Sciences T.P.Ogoltsova and doctor of agricultural Sciences S.D. Knyazev. A long-term breeding program has been developed. The main goals of the program are to create black currant cultivars with continuous resistance to diseases, first of all powdery mildew, as wells resistance to pests, i.e. bud mite. As a result of the long-term work, over 40 black currant cultivars have been developed, 14 of them are zoned. Red currant breeding was led by the candidate of agricultural Sciences L.V. Bayanova; since 2001 the work has been continued by the candidate of agricultural Sciences O.D. Golyaeva. ‘Heinemanns Rote Spӓtlese’, the descendant of R. multiflorum Kit., was involved in the red currant breeding for the first time in Russia. On its genetic basis, a series of late maturing cultivars with long and dense racemes was created. At the Institute, in total 21cultivars of red currants have been developed, 13 of them are zoned. At present, red currant cultivars make up 25.5% of the zoned assortment in Russia. The first research on gooseberries was stated by V.P. Semakin and A.F Tamarova; since 1992 the systematic gooseberry breeding has been carried out by the candidate of agricultural Sciences O.V. Kurashev. On the basis of Grossularia robusta, we have created gooseberry forms that are resistant to powdery mildew and leaf spots. These forms are highly productive, weakly thorned, having bush habit suitable for mechanized harvest. The result of breeding activities was the transfer of 6 gooseberry cultivars to State agricultural testing: ‘Solnechny Zaychik’, ‘Nekrasovsky’, ‘Yupiter’, ‘Zemlianichny’, ‘Moryachok’ and ‘Discovery’.

Effect of phenolic acids from black currant, sour cherry and walnut on grain aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) development

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Chrzanowski ◽  
Bogumił Leszczyński ◽  
Paweł Czerniewicz ◽  
Hubert Sytykiewicz ◽  
Henryk Matok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Grain Aphid

scholarly journals Newly recorded and rare Desmidiales (Charophyta: Conjugatophyceae) from the Middle Urals, Russia

Check List ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2013
Author(s):  
Andrey S. Shakhmatov
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Middle Urals

New disributional data on 14 previously unrecorded or rare species and varieties of algae belonging to Closteriaceae, Desmidiaceae, Gonatozygaceae and Peni­aceae (order Desmidiales) are presented for the Middle Urals. Closterium cornu Ehrenberg ex Ralfs, Closterium macilentum Brébisson, Closterium navicula (Brébisson) Lütkemüller, and Cosmarium crenulatum Nägeli are newly recorded to the Urals. A brief description, including measurements of cells as well as regional and global distribution, is given for each taxon.

scholarly journals Influence of unstable weather conditions on the passage time of phenological phases of black currant in the Middle Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 (7) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Elena Chebotok
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Phenological Phases

Abstract. Purpose. The research is aimed at studying the influence of weather conditions on the timing of the phenological phases of black currant in the Middle Urals. Methods. The study is based on methods of phenological observations in accordance with generally accepted methods. Results and practical significance. It was found that black currant adapts well to unstable weather conditions in recent years in the Middle Urals, during the research period, budding was observed in the period from April 12 to May 4; the dates of the beginning of flowering were marked from May 10 to May 28; maturation dates are marked from July 16 to August 10. The shift in the dates of onset of the main phases of vegetation from the average long-term can reach 14 days. Industrial plantings should consist of varieties of different flowering and maturation periods, to avoid the spring frosts of the main part of the plantation, as well as to form a conveyor for the arrival of fresh berries. The experiment identified five early-flowering cultivars in the Middle Urals: Zabava, Fortuna, 1-3-010-13, 3-2-010-13, 6-44-00-03; four late-flowering: Gerkules, Slavyanka, 5-1-010-13, 8-2-010-13; the remaining 28 cultivars are of the average flowering period. Five varieties of early maturation are identified: Zabava, 2-1-010-13, 2-4-010-13, 3-1-010-13, 5-1-010-15; four late maturation: Zaglyaden’e, Kipiana, Chudnoe mgnovenie, Slavyanka; the remaining 28 varieties are of average maturation. Not all early-flowering cultivars are early-maturing, and not all late-flowering cultivars are late-maturing. The scientific novelty consists in the study of phenological rhythms of black currant varieties of various genetic origin in unstable weather conditions of recent years in the Middle Urals.

scholarly journals Structural connections between Urals and West Siberia: the common stage on the boundary of Permian and Triassic periods

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-297
Author(s):  
V. N. Smirnov ◽  
K. S. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
West Siberia ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The West ◽  
Open Part ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Eastern Zone ◽  
Structural Connections ◽  
The Common

40Ar/39Ar-dating of the micas from the schists and blastomylonites collected from the fault which separates the Eastern zone of the Middle Urals dipped under the cover of the West Siberian plate from the open part of the geologic structures of the Urals, showed that the last phase of deformation was represented by a submeridional sinistral strike-slip faults with the age of 251 Ma. The appearance of the analyzed deformations practically exactly coincides in time with the formation of the grabens of meridional strike at the base of the West Siberian plate. 

scholarly journals Effect of boron nutrition on nutrient uptake and fruit quality of tart cherry in Eastern Hungary

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Nagy ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
T. Szabó ◽  
Z. Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Tart Cherry ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Year Effect

Effect of the foliar boron (B) application on nutrient uptake and fruit quality of tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) was investigated from 2008 to 2009 on mature four favourite Hungarian tart cherry cultivars like ‘Oblacsinszka’, ‘Érdi bôtermő’, ‘Újfehértói fürtös’ and ‘Petri’. Tart cherry trees grown in Eastern Hungary (Újfehértó) on an acidic sandy soil with low B content. Trees were treated with B by foliar application (0.5% B) at full bloom and untreated with B served as a control. B sprays strongly affected on B content of inflorescences. However, B sprays had no consistent effect on summer leaf B status. In our experiment stronger year effect was observed at leaf B status than flower B status. The effectiveness of early spring boron applications are limited and mostly affected the flower B status only. Moreover, treatments had inconsistent effect on studied fruit inner parameters. Monosaccharides, vitamin C and organic acid contents of sour cherry were stronger affected by cultivars than applied treatments.

Cosmogenic 3He in detrital Pt-alloy grains: tracing the accumulation of critical metals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Yakubovich ◽  
Finlay Stuart ◽  
Alexander Mochalov ◽  
Roman Palamarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Source Rock ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
River System ◽  
Placer Deposit ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Pt Alloy ◽  
Placer Deposits ◽  
Exposure Ages

<p>The application of cosmogenic noble gases (<sup>3</sup>He and <sup>21</sup>Ne) in detrital grains to quantify sediment transport rates and storage timescales is largely undeveloped. We have previously shown that cosmogenic He can be measured in single grains (Yakubovich et al. 2019). The low He diffusion rate and the chemical and/or physical robustness of metal alloys (eg Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, Fe) means the technique has potential to determine how critical metals accumulate at the Earth surface.  In an effort to determine how long detrital Pt-alloy grains spend travelling to placer deposits we have measured cosmogenic<sup>3</sup>He concentrations in 60 (0.5–7 mg) grains of isoferroplatinum (Pt<sub>3</sub>Fe) from the world largest alluvial Pt placer deposits in the Kondyor-Uorgalan rivers in Khabarovsk region, and the Is-Turinsk and Nyas’ma river systems in Middle Urals, Russia.</p><p>In both systems, there are no significant cosmogenic <sup>3</sup>He in the grains from the low order streams that drain the source rock. <sup>3</sup>He<sub>cos</sub>concentrations in Pt grains from distant placers (30 km) varies in order of magnitude from 0.3 to 30 x 10<sup>7</sup>at g<sup>-1</sup>in grains in Uorgalan river, 5 to 40 x 10<sup>7</sup>at g<sup>-1</sup>in Glubokinskoe placer deposit (Is river) and 20 to 70 x 10<sup>7</sup>at g<sup>-1</sup>in the Generalka deposit (Nyas’ma river). Converting this to surface residence times (P = 25 at g y<sup>-1</sup>, Yakubovich et al., 2019) yields model exposure durations of0.1­–10, 3–20 and 13–38 Myr for grains from the Uorgalan, Glubokinskoe and Generalka deposits respectively. Assuming that all grains were extracted from shielded locations this exposure ages indicate the total time of transport and residence of the grains on river bed surface prior to final deposition.</p><p>Pt grains are added to the river system constantly. If we assume that the average transport conditions are essentially identical for all grains, then the difference between the maximum and minimum exposure ages within the same location indicates the total duration of placer supply from the source rock. For the Urals it is equal for 17–25 Myr, while for Kondyor-Uorgalan placer it is 10 Myr. This is in a good agreement with geological observations. Within Kondyor-Uorgalan placer deposit the age of the alluvium varies from Neogene to Quaternary, while in the Urals Pt-bearing Jurassic, Neogene and Quaternary fluvial sediments are distinguished within the placers.</p><p>Paleo peneplain surfaces are established nearby the Kondyor massif and pre-date the most productive platinum sands. Several stages of peneplenisation are evident in the Urals from thick weathering crusts. The exposure ages indicate10’s million-year scale of transport/deposition histories of detrital Pt alloys, which might result of multiple redeposition of material during long term accumulation of cosmogenic <sup>3</sup>He during peneplenisation.  </p><p>Yakubovich O., Stuart F.M., Nesterenok A. and Carracedo A. (2019). Chem. Geol. 517, 22-33.</p>

Response of Growth Inhibitor Paclobutrazol in Fruit Crops

Prunus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naira Ashraf ◽  
Moieza Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Colour Development ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
And Control

Paclobutrazol (PBZ; IUPAC name: (2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl) pentan-3-ol) is a triazol derivative and an antagonist of gibberellins. It has been shown to inhibit shoot growth in various perennial fruit trees. Paclobutrazol application reduced the number of shoots, transforming trees into a more desirable, spur-type growth habit as the vegetative sink was reduced. This compound induces an early and intense flowering, diminishing vegetative growth and reducing the extension of buds, allowing for ripening and the initiation of apical buds inflorescence. Besides, it also increases fruit set, the years following application as a carryover effect. An increase in return bloom is a common response to paclobutrazol treatment and has been reported for various fruit crops. Paclobutrazol is widely used to advance harvest maturity in various fruit crops and it improves fruit quality in terms of accelerated colour development, delayed and synchronized fruit maturation and control of preharvest fruit drop. It is known to improve fruit physical and fruit chemical characteristics. Fruit calcium is increased for 2–3 years due to carry over effect. It helps in the maintenance of better fruit quality during storage and influences nutrient uptake in various fruit crops including stone fruits. It has been characterized as an environmentally stable compound in soil and water environments with a long half-life under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

scholarly journals Bee Visitation and Fruit Quality in Berries Under Protected Cropping Vary Along the Length of Polytunnels

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1337-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A Hall ◽  
Jeremy Jones ◽  
Maurizio Rocchetti ◽  
Derek Wright ◽  
Romina Rader
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Pollinator Abundance ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Bee Foraging

Abstract Wild and managed bees provide effective crop pollination services worldwide. Protected cropping conditions are thought to alter the ambient environmental conditions in which pollinators forage for flowers, yet few studies have compared conditions at the edges and center of growing tunnels. We measured environmental variables (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, white light, and UV light) and surveyed activity of the managed honey bee, Apis mellifera L.; wild stingless bee, Tetragonula carbonaria Smith; and wild sweat bee, Homalictus urbanus Smith, along the length of 32 multiple open-ended polyethylene growing tunnels. These were spaced across 12 blocks at two commercial berry farms, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales and Walkamin, North Queensland, Australia. Berry yield, fresh weight, and other quality metrics were recorded at discrete increments along the length of the tunnels. We found a higher abundance and greater number of flower visits by stingless bees and honey bees at the end of tunnels, and less frequent visits to flowers toward the middle of tunnels. The center of tunnels experienced higher temperatures and reduced wind speed. In raspberry, fruit shape was improved with greater pollinator abundance and was susceptible to higher temperatures. In blueberry, per plant yield and mean berry weight were positively associated with pollinator abundance and were lower at the center of tunnels than at the edge. Fruit quality (crumbliness) in raspberries was improved with a greater number of visits by sweat bees, who were not as susceptible to climatic conditions within tunnels. Understanding bee foraging behavior and changes to yield under protected cropping conditions is critical to inform the appropriate design of polytunnels, aid pollinator management within them, and increase economic gains in commercial berry crops.

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