Keeping, Breeding, and Maintenance of Zooculture of the Ladakh Toad, Bufotes latastii (Boulenger, 1882)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 284-290
Author(s):  
Kseniya A. Matushkina ◽  
Artem A. Kidov ◽  
Spartak N. Litvinchuk
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Total Body ◽  
One Year

In this paper we present results of laboratory reproduction of the Ladakh toad (Bufotes latastii) for three generations. Two pairs of animals, which were collected in April of 2013 in Jammu and Kashmir (India), became founders of a laboratory population. The first female gave offspring four times, while the second only once. The number of eggs in clutches obtained from the first female was 6804 – 10149 and from the second was 4080 eggs. Males, which were born in laboratory, started to vocalize at the age of 3 – 4 months after metamorphosis and at the age of one year successfully reproduced. Females become mature at the two-year age only. Thus, B. latastii is a fast-growing and early-maturing species. The number of eggs in clutches of 2-year-old laboratory females ranged from 31 to 6420 eggs (n = 28) and 3-year-old females from 19 to 6859 eggs (n = 21). Clutches were single- or double-row strings. The average thickness of egg strings was 3.2 – 5.9 mm. The diameter of eggs was 0.8 – 1.9 mm. The duration of embryonic development (until separation of pre-larvae from egg strings) was 2 – 5 days. The total body length of pre-larvae was 2.0 – 4.3 mm. The first larvae that started swimming and feeding were observed within 2 – 3 days after separation of pre-larvae from egg strings. The body length of larvae at the time of start of exogenous feeding was 2.9 – 4.3 mm and the length of tail was 1.6 – 6.3 mm. The total duration of embryogenesis was 4 – 8 days, larval development was 86 – 125 days, and overall development was 90 – 127 days.

scholarly journals PENGUKURAN PANJANG TUBUH CACING NIPAH PENDEK Namalycastis abiuma (POLYCHAETA: NEREDIDAE) DARI PERAIRAN MANGROVE SUNGAI KAPUAS KALIMANTAN BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Junardi Junardi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

AbstrakCacing Nipah Pendek Namalycastis abiuma memiliki tubuh yang elastis dan mudah putus sehingga diperlukan pendekatan morfometri tubuh lain untuk menentukan panjang tubuh sesungguhnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan panjang tubuh total cacing nipah pendek dengan menggunakan bobot tubuh, jumlah total segmen berseta, panjang tiga segmen anterior pertama (L3) dan lebar segmen berseta atau setiger ke-10 (S-10). Spesimen yang digunakan dipilih hanya individu yang lengkap dan utuh. Pengukuran dilakukan dibawah mikroskop dengan lensa okular yang dilengkapi dengan mikrometer. Data dianalisis dengan analisis korelasi. Cacing yang digunakan sebanyak 258 individu yang terdiri atas 190 immature, 54 submature dan 14 mature dengan ukuran panjang tubuh rata-rata berturut-turut 108,62±34,80 mm, 172,27±42,78 mm dan 123,14±57,40 mm. Cacing betina ditemukan memiliki ukuran tubuh lebih besar dari jantan. Panjang tubuh N. abiuma dapat diduga dengan bobot tubuh, panjang L3 dan lebar S-10 dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) berturut-turut 0,82, 0,73 dan 0,78. Pendekatan morfometri dapat digunakan untuk menentukan ukuran tubuh N. abiuma.Abstract The short nypa palm worm Namalycastis abiuma has an elastic and fragile body. Therefore, an alternative approach of morphometrical techniques is needed to determine the total body length. This research aimed to estimate the total body length of the short nypa palm worm based on body weight, the total number of segments, the length of the first three anterior segment (L3) and the tenth setiger width (S10). Body measurement was done using stereomicroscope fitted with the micrometer. Correlation analysis was done to describe the relationship between the length of L3 and the width of S10. A total of 258 complete and whole specimens consisted of 190 immature, 54 submature, and 14 mature individuals. The average body length of immature individuals was 108.62±34.80 mm, 172.27±42.78 mm for sub mature individuals, and 123.14±57.40 mm for mature individuals. Based on sexual dimorphism, the female body size is larger than male. The body length of N. abiuma can be estimated by body weight, the length of L3, and the  width of S10, with  correlation coefficient (r) of 0.82, 0.73 and 0.78, respectively. Morphometry approach can be used to determine the body size of N. abiuma. 

scholarly journals Length-weight relationship of European catfish (Silurus glanis L.) fry reared at different stocking densities under controlled conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
V. Krasteva ◽  
M. Yankova
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Silurus Glanis ◽  
Group A ◽  
European Catfish ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Group B

Abstract. The present paper investigates the body length and weight, and the size-weight variations of one-month-old European catfish reared at 4 variants of stocking density: Variant 1 – 5 spec/l; Variant 2 – 10 spec/l; Variant 3 – 15 spec/l and Variant 4 – 28 spec/l. The experiment is carried out at the Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Plovdiv for a period of 16 days, using a production system consisting of tubs with continuous water flow (0.7 l/min). At the end of the experiment, the fish from each variant are sorted in three size-weight groups: A – large, B – medium and C – small. The number of fish in each group is established. From the group of the medium- and small-sized fish, 150 speciments are measured, while from the group of the large specimens, which are the smallest in number, all specimens are measured for the biometric parameters body weight (BW, g) and total body length (TL, cm). The results from the study show small variations in the length and weight of the fish reared at the lowest stocking density (Variant 1). As the density increase, the size-weight differences between the specimens from Group A also increased, while of those from Group B they decrease. The number of the medium-sized fish decrease (p≤0.001) while the number of large specimens (p≤0.01) and small fish increase (p≤0.001).

scholarly journals A new xandarellid euarthropod from the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, Yunnan Province, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (08) ◽  
pp. 1375-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianguang Hou ◽  
Mark Williams ◽  
Robert Sansom ◽  
Derek J. Siveter ◽  
David J. Siveter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Chengjiang Biota ◽  
Total Body

AbstractThe euarthropod Luohuilinella deletres sp. nov. is described from rare material from the Chengjiang biota, Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3, of Yunnan Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis recovers a xandarellid affinity for L. deletres, representing only the fifth described species of this clade. L. deletres possesses a head shield that is about one-fifth of the total body length and a trunk with 30 tergites, the reduced anterior-most tergite and terminal three tergites lacking pleural elongations. Anteriorly situated notches in the head shield are associated with stalked eyes, in contrast to the more posterior, enclosed eye slits present in Xandarella. Posterior to the antennae there are at least 11 pairs of biramous appendages preserved, including three pairs in the head. The morphology of the midline gut of L. deletres, in which lateral, unbranched diverticula are wider towards the front of the body, is a characteristic also found in various trilobites. The dorsoventrally flattened exoskeleton suggests a benthic or nektobenthic mode of life for L. deletres, as for other trilobitomorphs, and it likely used its well-developed anteriorly positioned eyes for searching out food, either to scavenge or to find prey.

Two new species of philometrid nematodes (Nematoda: Philometridae) in Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) from the South Bali Sea, Indonesia

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3609 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARTIKA DEWI ◽  
HARRY W. PALM
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epinephelus Coioides ◽  
The South ◽  
Fish Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Total Body

Based on light and scanning electron microscopy, two new species of philometrid nematodes, Spirophilometra endangae sp. nov. and Philometra epinepheli sp. nov. (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea: Philometridae) are described from Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) (Perciformes: Serranidae) from the South Bali Sea, Indonesia. Spirophilometra endangae sp. nov. was isolated from the fins of E. coioides. The new species can be distinguished from the most closely related S. eichleri Parukhin, 1971 by a larger total body length and the site of infection in the host. The new species differs from S. centropomi (Caballero, 1974) also in the larger body size of the gravid females and the site of infection in the host. S. en-dangae sp. nov. differs from S. pacifica (Moravec, Santana-Pineros, Gonzales-Solis & Torres-Huerta, 2007) in the struc-ture and arrangement of the spines on the middle part of the body, the infection site of the worm, the type host and the zoogeographical host distribution. Philometra epinepheli sp. nov. differs from all other Philometra spp. congeners so far recorded from Ephinepelus groupers in the total body length and the site of infection. This is the first opercula-infecting species of Philometra described from the fish family Serranidae.

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism in Anthonomus santacruzi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): a Biological Control Agent of Solanum mauritianum Scopoli (Solanaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 840-850
Author(s):  
Archbold Sasa ◽  
Rafał Gosik ◽  
Ed T. F. Witkowski ◽  
Marcus J. Byrne ◽  
Miłosz A. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Abdominal Tergite ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Solanum Mauritianum ◽  
Total Body

AbstractThere is evident variation in body size amongst Anthonomus santacruzi Hustache, 1924, weevils. The aims of this study were to assess if the variation in body size in A. santacruzi weevils is a result of sexual dimorphism and what features can be used to distinguish males from females. The weevils were collected from field sites in Mpumalanga, South Africa, where they were introduced as biocontrol agents of Solanum mauritianum Scopoli. Body structures and the presence/absence of the tergal notch was examined under an optical stereomicroscope and SEM to assess differences between sexes. The morphometric analysis of the body structures included rostrum length (base–apex and antennal insertion–apex), elytral length and width, pronotum length and width, first tarsus length, first tibia length, funiculus length and total body length. Rostrum length, elytra length and width and total body length were significantly larger in females than in males. A tergal notch in the 8th abdominal tergite was present in males and absent in females. The body structure; of rostrum length, elytra length and width and total body length overlapped between sexes in some specimens. The abdominal tergal notch was found to be the most useful body structure to distinguish males from females in A. santacruzi.

scholarly journals Study of Morphomeristic and Habitat Tempuring Fish (Puntius spp) In Bangka Island Freshwater

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Andi Gustomi ◽  
Sri Dewi Dinata Putri ◽  
Sudirman Adibrata
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Head Height

This study aims to analyze the morphomeristic characteristics and habitat of Tempuring Fish (Puntius spp) in Bangka Island. The research was conducted from February to March 2020 at  Bangka Island. The study used a survey method using primary and secondary data. Based on the analysis of the morphomeristic characteristics, The kind of tempuring (Puntius spp) which found in the Freshwater of Bangka Island are Puntius lineatus dan Puntius johorensis. Puntius lineatus on Bangka Island has a total body length (TL) ranging from 67.13 to 75.80 mm; head height (HD) ranges from 10 -12 mm; height (BD) ranged from 15.47-18.60 mm; dorsal fin radius (DR) D.I-II. 8-9; and lateral line (LL) scales ranging from 24-25 mm; characterized by having 5 vertical black lines on the body. Puntius johorensis has a total body length (TL) ranging from 59.60-80.67mm; head height (HD) ranged from 10.40 -16.00 mm; height (BD) ranged from 14.00-28.44 mm; dorsal fin radius (DR) D.I-II. 6-10; and lateral line (LL) scales ranging from 25-30 mm; characterized by having 6 vertical black lines on the body. Ecology of Tempuring in Bangka Island freshwater when viewed from several water quality parameters, including temperature ranges from 29-31 °C, pH 5, water transparency 0.27 - 0.36 m, flow velocity 0.03-0.06 m / s, and TSS range from 4-19.2 mg / l. This indicates that the water quality of the Tempuring Fish habitat on Bangka Island is still in a good range. Morphomeristic; Tempuring; Puntius lineatus; Puntius johorensis; Bangka Island

Pre-natal growth in Romney X Southdown cross and Austrailan Merino sheep. II. Carcass conformation in the two breed groups

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Carcass Conformation ◽  
Total Body

The carcass conformation of the sheep foetus has been studied during the period from 50 to 140 days after conception by taking a series of linear measurements over the surface of the body. The mean lengths and the rates of increase in the length of such measurements, with increases in foetal age, are compared between the Romney southdown cross and the Australian Merino breed groups, and also between sexes within each breed group. Although these differences have been analysed on an age basis, the relationship between age and total body length is similar in the two breeds and therefore the same breed effects should also be found if total body length is taken as the primary growth measurement. Further, the rates of increase in length of the measurements of the parts of the body, relative to the rate of increase in total body length measured as curved crown-rump, have been estimated, foetal age being used as the independent variable rather than total body length. The results show that ram foetuses have larger head and neck measurements in both breed groups during early foetal life. The major difference between breeds is the greater width and circumference of the neck and trunk in the Romney x Southdown cross. In addition, the width of the head and the length of the nose are higher in the Romney x Southdown cross, while the humerus head is displaced forward and downward in this breed group, giving a relatively longer and deeper trunk and a shorter neck than the Merino. The allometric growth gradients are broadly similar to those for other mammals, and also to measurements obtained by other workers for the sheep during pre-natal life. No conclusive evidence was obtained to show whether or to what extent the breed differences resulted from alterations to the allometric growth rates or to changes in the dimensions of the parts during morphogenesis. The results do indicate, however, that the alterations to early-developing parts such as the head may result partly or wholly from changes in the initial dimensions, whereas changed in the allometric growth rates appear to produce the differences in the width and circumference of the neck and trunk. The latter effect may also be determined to a relatively greater extent by maternal influences.

The Body-Length-Leg Ratio in the General Population and in Mental Hospital Patients and its Possible Significance in Suicide

1936 ◽  
Vol 82 (336) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pullar Strecker
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Preliminary Communication ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Very High

Psychiatrists will welcome Piney's recent preliminary communication (1) on the possible significance of certain physical characters. A series of measurements of about 500 bodies revealed that a very high number of suicides among the general population occurred in persons showing a body-length-leg ratio of over 50, i. e., the leg-length being more than 50% of the total body-length. Piney believes that persons of this type, among other abnormalities, have such mental characters as may lead to suicide. He raises the question whether body-length-leg ratios of over 50 are commoner among the inmates of mental hospitals than in the general population.

Reflecting materials in the eyes of three teleosts, Orthopristes chrysopterus, Dorosoma cepedianum and Anchoa mitchilli

1973 ◽  
Vol 184 (1074) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Gizzard Shad ◽  
Dorosoma Cepedianum ◽  
Anchoa Mitchilli ◽  
First Report ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Bay Anchovy

The tapeta lucida of three species of teleosts were examined to determine the composition of the reflecting material. The fishes were bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli (Engraulidae), gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum (Clupeidae) and pigfish Orthopristes chrysopterus (Haemulidae). The tapetum of each species was situated in the pigment epithelium of the eye. That of the pigfish contained triglycerides identified as chiefly glyceryl tridocosahexaenoate. A reduced pteridine, 7, 8-dihydroxanthopterin, occurred in the tapetum of the gizzard shad. Guanine occurred in the tapetum of the bay anchovy. The tapetum of the shad contained brightly reflecting particles about 0.5 μm in diameter There were 10.8 mg of dihydroxanthopterin in the tapetum of a shad (total body length 23 cm) and 0.46 mg of guanine in the tapetum of an anchovy (total body length 9 cm). This is the first report of a pteridine acting as a retinal reflector in vertebrates. Various aspects of retinal reflectors of teleosts are discussed and their variety and common characteristics commented upon.

Steinernema loci sp. n. and Steinernema thanhi sp. n. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from Vietnam

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Moens ◽  
Ngoc Chau Nguyen ◽  
Ke Long Phan
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Spicule Length ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Total Body

AbstractTwo new species of Steinernema (Rhabditida), Steinernema loci sp. n. and S. thanhi sp. n., were isolated from beach soil in Thanhhoa and Hatinh provinces in the northern part of Vietnam. A combination of morphological, morphometric and rDNA-RFLP features indicated the distinctness of both species from other Steinernema spp. Diagnostic characters of Steinernema loci sp. n. include: total body length (896-1072 μm), distance from anterior end to excretory pore (EP = 71-86 μm), tail length (66-83 μm), lateral field in mid-body with eight ridges (nine distinct lines) and rounded, broad and smooth anterior end of the third stage infective juvenile; first generation males were characterised by body width, spicule length and the ratio spicule length : anal body width (SW). Diagnostic characters of Steinernema thanhi sp. n. third stage infective juveniles include: total body length (720-960 μm), EP (68-84 μm), tail length (52-72 μm), lateral field in mid-body with eight ridges (nine distinct lines) and rounded, broad and smooth anterior end. Spicule length, ratio SW and arrangement of genital papillae characterised the first generation males.

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