scholarly journals The Democracy and the Reconstruction of the Citizenship

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-73
Author(s):  
أ.م.د.مهدية صالح حسن
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
And Control

This research includes the principles of the democracy، and to which extent it can contribute in establishing these principles. Democracy is not only to hold parliamentary or presidential elections but also the result of these elections wills it lead to the emergence of an integrated regime that can actually expresses the citizen's rights and to which extent those citizens can contribute in that regime and control it. Since 2005، when the first elections took place in Iraq after the US occupation of Iraq 2003، Iraqi people are looking to a rule that represented them and achieve their interests after getting rid of the totalitarian regimes and establishing an institutional regime that work by democratic means in order to achieve the social، economic and political development This research will be presented as following: 1- The citizenship is the base of the democracy 2- The democracy and the reconstruction of the citizenship 3- The building of the economy and investment in the democracy

Crime and the Global City

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharyne Mitchell ◽  
Key MacFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Global City ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Global Production Networks ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Neoliberal Globalization ◽  
Labor Exploitation ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Control

In recent years social scientists have been interested in the growth and transformation of global cities. These metropolises, which function as key command centers in global production networks, manifest many of the social, economic, and political tensions and inequities of neoliberal globalization. Their international appeal as sites of financial freedom and free trade frequently obscures the global city underbelly: practices of labor exploitation, racial discrimination, and migrant deferral. This chapter explores some of these global tensions, showing how they have shaped the strategies and technologies behind urban crime prevention, security, and policing. In particular, the chapter shows how certain populations perceived as risky become treated as pre-criminals: individuals in need of management and control before any criminal behavior has occurred. It is demonstrated further how the production of the pre-criminal can lead to dispossession, delay, and detention as well as to increasing gentrification and violence.

scholarly journals The Role of Pensioners in the American Electorate

Upravlenie ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Лебедева ◽  
Lyudmila Lebedeva ◽  
Емельянов ◽  
E. Emelyanov
Keyword(s):  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Us History ◽  
Strong Growth ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

The article examines fundamental demographic changes in the USA that have been shifting the electorate and as a result - American politics; with wide gaps between the generations on key social, economic, political issues. The US presidential elections since 1980 were dominated by baby boomers (born 1946-1964) and prior generations, who have cast the vast majority of votes in every presidential election. The 2016 electorate has been the most diverse in the US history due to strong growth of young generations, and especially among Hispanic eligible voters. Millennials (born 1981–1998) and X generation (born 1965-1980) surpassed Baby Boomers and more old generations whose choices differ significantly in many fields; but the key problem is who really votes. The age structure of the American electorate and its influence on the election results; the role of pensioners and those, who’ll retire in the nearest future, as voters at the federal and state levels are in focus.

La necesidad de reformar la legislación sobre contratación pública para luchar contra la corrupción: las obligaciones que nos llegan desde Europa

2016 ◽  
pp. 77-113
Author(s):  
Teresa MEDINA ARNÁIZ
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Final Sentence ◽  
International Conventions

LABURPENA: Ustelkeria arazo larria da eta eragin txarra du herrialde baten ekonomia, politika eta gizarte garapenean. Estatuetako mugak gainditu dituenez, estatu guztien kezka da. Hori dela eta, estatuen barruko araudiekin batera, azken urteotan nazioarteko hitzarmenak ugaldu dira jarrera ustelei aurrea hartzeko eta horiek jazartzeko. Ildo horretatik ere doaz Europako Batasuna eta estatu kideak, eta fronte desberdinetatik, ustelkeriaren aurkako politika globala ari dira garatzen. Jarduketa eremu bat kontratazio publikoa da, sektore horretan ustelkeria errazago gerta daitekeelako. Artikulu honetan, eskuraketa publikoetan kutunkeria eta ustelkeria gertatzeko arriskua murrizteko hartutako neurri batzuk azaltzen dira. RESUMEN: La corrupción es un grave problema que perjudica el desarrollo económico, político y social de un país. Su generalización más allá de las fronteras nacionales, preocupa a todos los Estados. Es por ello que, junto a las normativas internas, en los últimos años se han multiplicado los convenios internacionales para prevenir y reprimir las conductas corruptas. En esa línea de actuación se encuentra también la Unión Europea y sus Estados miembros que, desde distintos frentes, vienen desarrollando una política global de lucha contra la corrupción. Uno de sus ámbitos de acción es el de la contratación pública al ser éste uno de los sectores más expuestos al riesgo de corrupción. Este artículo presenta alguna de las medidas adoptadas desde la normativa contractual para reducir el riesgo de favoritismo y corrupción en las adquisiciones públicas. ABSTRACT: Corruption is a serious problem that is detrimental to the social, economic and political development of any country. Its extension across national frontiers is a source of concern for all States. Hence, in addition to specific domestic regulations, international conventions have multiplied in recent years to prevent and to curb corrupt practices. The European Union is also moving down this road and has developed a global policy to combat corruption on various fronts. One of its areas of action is public procurement; since 2004, Directives on public procurement have provided for the mandatory exclusion from the tendering process of those tenderers who have been convicted in a final sentence of offences involving corruption. The present article approaches the study of these measures and examines their contribution to the fight against corruption in the context of public procurement.

Union

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-74
Author(s):  
Max M. Edling
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Constitution ◽  
American Union ◽  
And Control

The preamble’s promise of “a more perfect union” suggests that the US Constitution of 1787 aimed to reform the less than perfect union established by the Articles of Confederation of 1781. The framers’ understanding of union was grounded in early modern political ideas about confederations, and their call for reform in their analysis of the flaws of the articles. Their reform of the American union was characterized by both change and continuity. Although the Constitution laid the basis for a federal government founded on popular sovereignty and capable of acting independently of the states, the fundamental purpose of the American union and the remit of the federal government remained the management of intraunion and international affairs. In the reformed American federal union the states still retained the power to regulate the social, economic, and civic life of their citizens and inhabitants with only limited supervision and control from the federal government.

scholarly journals Why Contact Tracing Efforts Have Failed to Curb Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Transmission in Much of the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Clark ◽  
Elizabeth Y Chiao ◽  
E Susan Amirian
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Public Health Community ◽  
Health Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Case Based

Abstract By late April 2020, public discourse in the United States had shifted toward the idea of using more targeted case-based mitigation tactics (eg, contact tracing) to combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission while allowing for the safe “reopening” of society, in an effort to reduce the social, economic, and political ramifications associated with stricter approaches. Expanded tracing-testing efforts were touted as a key solution that would allow for a precision approach, thus preventing economies from having to shut down again. However, it is now clear that many regions of the United States were unable to mount robust enough testing-tracing programs to prevent major resurgences of disease. This viewpoint offers a discussion of why testing-tracing efforts failed to sufficiently mitigate COVID-19 across much of the nation, with the hope that such deliberation will help the US public health community better plan for the future.

scholarly journals An Historical Examination of Alberta's Legal System - The First Seventy-Five Years

1969 ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
W. G. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Examination

This article was written in 1980 to commemorate Alberta's 75th year as a Province of Canada. The legal issues which arose during the past 75 years, both in criminal law and in civil litigation, reflect the social, economic and political development of the Province. The author provides an historical retrospective of those issues, drawing details from personal experience gained throughout his legal career in Alberta and the Northwest Territories.

The use of Latin American, Hispanic and Latino in US academic articles, 2000–2010

Terminology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto A. Valdeón
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
American English ◽  
British English ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Hispanic And Latino ◽  
The One ◽  
Us Census ◽  
Real Academia

This paper addresses the issue of terms, namely Latin American, Hispanic and Latino, whose definitions are affected by social, economic, historical and ideological factors and which are at the crossroads of two or more disciplines. Definitions will be provided, using the Merriam-Webster for American English, the Oxford Dictionary for British English, and the Diccionario de la Real Academia for Spanish. The concept of ethnicity, introduced by the US Census Office in the 1970s to identify the Hispanic minority, will also be dealt with. The next section will examine the preferred choices of usage in academic journals in two broad areas, the Social Sciences on the one hand, and the Medical and Nursing professions on the others. It covers a total of 58 academic papers from two distinct periods, 2000–2005 and 2006–2010, in order to establish whether the terms are used consistently in the two broad areas, and whether there are major differences in use in the two time spans. The paper will conclude with a discussion of the findings, a reference to other activities that can be affected by the ambiguities of the definitions, and suggestions for further research.

scholarly journals Islam Today in Modern West: Fazlur Rahman’s and Tariq Ramadan’s Views on Jihad

ULUMUNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Chusnul Chotimah Bimbo
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Western Society ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Modern Era

  This paper discusses the issues of radicalism that have reappeared in the public sphere nowadays. The discussion will focus on the interpretation of Jihad by Fazlur Rahman and Tariq Ramadan. They are among two modern reformers whose ideas heavily focus on the social, economic and political issues about Muslims in the West. This paper will discuss the thoughts of these two figures about jihad spread across their various writings. As a contemporary reformist Muslim leader, Rahman and Ramadan had made many interpretations of the Qur'an by adapting to the social context of society when the interpretation was made, namely Western society. Their Qur'anic interpretations and their thoughts-whether directly or indirectly-reflect on the circumstances and challenges that Muslims encounter in the West, Europe and the US, today. This paper contributes to the discussion of the meaning of jihad and various attempts at interpretation of the term. Besides, this paper will at least provide an overview of how the face of  Islam in the West in the modern era as it is today.

scholarly journals Precariate in Pandemic Conditions: New Trends, Traditional Content, Some European Practices

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Shamakhov ◽  
Nikolay M. Mezhevich
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
European Regulatory

The evolution of the social structure of society in developed countries shows that the socalled middle class, whose existence is considered the main guarantee of stable social, economic, political development, is under threat. The epidemic and pandemic did not create fundamentally new risks, but significantly exacerbated traditional ones. In fact, the epidemic acted as a catalyst and accelerated negative, but fairly wellknown processes. World experience of social policy, European regulatory practices “efficiency vs equality” is of great importance to Russia.

scholarly journals Who are the people in my neighborhood?: The 'contextual fallacy' of measuring individual context with census geographies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Fowler ◽  
Seth Spielman ◽  
David C. Folch ◽  
Nicholas Nagle
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Context Variables ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Simple Statistic

Scholars deploy census-based measures of neighborhood context throughout the social sciences and epidemiology. Decades of research confirm that variation in how individuals are aggregated into geographic units to create variables that control for social, economic or political contexts can dramatically alter analyses. While most researchers are aware of the problem, they have lacked the tools to determine its magnitude in the literature and in their own projects. By using confidential access to the complete 2010 U.S. Decennial Census, we are able to construct-for all persons in the US-individual-specific contexts, which we group according to the Census-assigned block, block group, and tract. We compare these individual-specific measures to the published statistics at each scale, and we then determine the magnitude of variation in context for an individual with respect to the published measures using a simple statistic, the standard deviation of individual context (SDIC). For three key measures (percent Black, percent Hispanic, and Entropy-a measure of ethno-racial diversity), we find that block-level Census statistics frequently do not capture the actual context of individuals within them. More problematic, we uncover systematic spatial patterns in the contextual variables at all three scales. Finally, we show that within-unit variation is greater in some parts of the country than in others. We publish county-level estimates of the SDIC statistics that enable scholars to assess whether mis-specification in context variables is likely to alter analytic findings when measured at any of the three common Census units.

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