scholarly journals GEOLOGICAL-GEOMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL NATURAL PARKS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN PART OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS

2021 ◽  
pp. 184-207
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Kravchuk ◽  
Vitaliy Brusak
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Natural Parks ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Gravitational Processes ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
North Western

In the stydy an analysis of the geological structure and relief of Uzhansky, “Skolivsky Beskydy”, and “Boykivshchyna” national natural parks (NNP), located in the north-western part of the Ukrainian Carpathians, is presented. Uzhansky NNP is located within the Polonynsko-Chornohirska and Vododilno-Verkhovyna geomorphological regions, “Skolivski Beskydy” NNP is situated in the Skibovy Carpathians, and the newly created “Boykivshchyna” NNP is located within the Vododilno-Verkhovyna and Skybovi Carpathians. The analysis of the morphostructure and morphosculpture of national parks is carried out taking into account the longitudinal (N-W–S-E) and transverse divisions of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The longitudinal division is associated with higher morphostructures of higher orders – the second and third, with the transverse is associated with the fourth and fifth morphostructures. In the analysis of morphosculpture of national parks, the types which are characteristic of the Carpathian Flysch belt are allocated. All mountain ranges and ridges are characterized by an asymmetrical structure – steep northeastern slopes and declivous southwestern slopes. The relic morphosculpture is represented by: 1) fragments of denudation surfaces of different ages such as Beskid, Pidbeskid, and riparian; 2) extra glacial and firn glaciations; 3) areas of ancient longitudinal valleys. Inherited morphosculpture is represented by river valleys with a complex of terraces of different ages. Modern morphodynamic processes represent by height (tier) differentiation. In the tiers of strongly dissected mid-mountain and low-mountain relief, the processes of planar erosion, deflux, and linear erosion play an important role in the modeling of the relief. The lower tier of the terraced and non-terraced bottoms of the valleys are associated with the processes of leaching and erosion as well as a significant accumulation of erosion products and mudflows. Among gravitational processes and block motions, stabilized and active displacements are the most recorded. Keywords: National natural park; Ukrainian Carpathians; relief; morphostructure; morphosculpture.

scholarly journals Medieval Relict Beaver Ponds in the Polish Plain: Studies from the Tuchola Forest

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Śnieszko ◽  
Mirosław Rurek ◽  
Marcin Hojan
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Beaver Ponds ◽  
Field Works ◽  
Organic Deposits ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
The Middle Ages

Beavers have lived in the territory of Poland since the beginning of the Holocene, as testified by bone remains found in archaeological sites of different ages. The area inhabited by these animals has experienced continuing transformations of terrain relief, geological structure, hydrology and plant cover. In Poland, beavers are partially protected and their population has spread in virtually every part of the country (except in the highest mountain ranges). The authors of this paper wish to present the results of field works carried out since 2006 in the Tuchola Forest (Polish Plain). This paper aims to identify the potential sediments of relict beaver ponds and their sedimentological features. The studies are also backed up with a description of radiocarbon dating of samples. The results indicate that beavers used to live in the Tuchola Forest in the Middle Ages, as shown by the radiocarbon dates and sequences of mineral–organic deposits found in exposures and geological boreholes. The spatial distribution of organic and mineral deposits in wider sections of river valleys can be explained by the avulsion of the riverbed downstream of the pond and by the distribution of ponds in the Gołyjonka valley. The discovery of relict beaver pond sediments suggests that the activity of these mammals in the Middle Ages played a major part in shaping the landscape of the valley. The results of studies clearly indicate that analyses of the valley sediment facies of small watercourses should take into account the role beavers played in the past in shaping the landscape of the analysed valley. This highlights the insufficiency of studies concerning the activity of beavers in river valleys.

scholarly journals Geomorphological immaturity as a factor conditioning the dynamics of channel processes in Rządza River

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 027-038
Author(s):  
Filip Bujakowski ◽  
Tomasz Falkowski ◽  
Anna Podlasek
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Channel Processes ◽  
Base Level ◽  
The North ◽  
Hydrological System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A major part of Poland, classified geographically as Polish Lowland, is covered by a layer of loose or cohesive sediments whose thickness increases toward the north. Numerous authors emphasize the impact of the protrusion of the erosional base level on the course of processes shaping modern river valleys. It has been demonstrated, among other things, that the culmination of the sub-alluvial, cohesive bedrock determines the manner in which the channel zone and the adjacent floodplain are formed, which is associated with the hydrological system of the river. A number (12) of geological documenting holes have been drilled to the bottom of the valley. Also, geological profiles were recorded for 34 natural outcrops. The range of the individual outcrops was determined using a geomorphological analysis based on, among other things, the data from airborne laser scanning. The main objective of the research based on geomorphological criteria was to identify the differences in valley morphology and geological structure as well as the dynamics of currently occurring fluvial processes, along with geological features influencing their development, in particular in the middle course of a river. The research allowed the distinction of three geologically and geomorphologically characteristic sections. This allowed an answer to the question: why is the river in the lowland similar to a mountain stream.

scholarly journals The role of geological conditions in the disintegration of historical structures on the escarpment of the Lower Vistula Valley, on the example of Chełmno (Poland)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Ewa Labak-Mechowska ◽  
Michał Dąbrowski
Keyword(s):  
Geological Structure ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
North Western

Abstract Chełmno is a town in the north-western part of the Chełmno Lakeland. It is one of few towns in Poland to have fully preserved its medieval defensive walls. Its touristic and natural environs make it a popular tourist destination. The town’s location near the escarpment of the Vistula valley mean that the preserved historical structures (including the defensive walls) are under threat. A few years ago a buttress became detached and two sections of the defensive walls collapsed. One part was rebuilt (the site where the studies were conducted), while the second part remains unrestored. Bricks are also progressively coming away. This situation may be the result of several factors, although the authors claim that the most important are the geological structure and the wall foundations (which are shallow, at a depth of 1-2 m, with the wall having been built up higher in the 16th century).

scholarly journals GROUNDWATERS OF NIKOLSKOHO REGION (DONBASS): GEOLOGY, STRATIGRAPHY, HYDROGEOLOGY, TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEODESIC WORKS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Datsenko ◽  
◽  
Serhii Kolomiiets
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Crystalline Rocks ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
The South ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
North Western

Arid regions of the south of Ukraine (Donetsk, Zaporizhia, Kherson regions) are facing an acute shortage of drinking and technical water, which consumption increases from year to year. A clear understanding of the shortage not only drinking water but also water for fish breeding, cultural and recreational needs is worrying the world scientific community. Understanding of hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical processes is important for groundwater protection, especially in arid regions of the world. The study area is located within the central part of the Priazovsk highland. Administratively, it belongs to Nikolsk Region (formerly Volodarsky Region) in Donetsk Region. There are four research periods in geological mapping and study of the Eastern and North-Western Priazovia region. The most important researches of the late last century include medium-size deep geological mapping of the North-Western and Eastern Priazovia, generalization of all geological materials of the previous researchers, obtaining data from stratigraphy, magmatism, tectonics and metallogeny, hydrogeology, which allowed to significantly clarify the geological structure of the region. The only possible centralized water supply source on the most part of the territory may be an aquifer of Proterozoic crystalline rocks. In the south-eastern part of the territory can be used Sarmatian sands, sandstones and limestone horizon, for the aquifer of crystalline rocks, the most water-rich is the tectonic disturbance zone with open fracturing.

Neotectonics in Hydrocarbon Transportation Lines Corridors: The Need of a Detailed Study

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Vicente Amórtegui
Keyword(s):  
Past Century ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Plate ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Hydrocarbon Transport ◽  
North Western

The Colombian pipeline network is exposed to the permanent activity of geological processes that happen in the country, due to the location of the country in the north-western corner of the South American plate — where it is interrelated to the Nazca and Caribbean plates —, the Andean zone is subject to compression strains that cause the uplifting of the mountain ranges and with it their slopes, which eases the instability processes. On the other hand, since the country is located in the inter-tropic zone of the planet, where the rock deterioration processes are harsher, landslides are more frequent, this together with the condition of strains, makes instability something fairly common. Evidence on pipelines for hydrocarbon transport is obtained from the fault activity, like this: The Santiago–El Porvenir oil pipeline, that rises from the plains to the mountain range, in December of 1991 a sudden linear landslide of the pipe was evidenced in the Santiago field (flat zone in the plains, south of Maní, Casanare), the position of the topographic control markers of the line was verified and a terrain shortening of 22.5cm was found in the markers located both sides of the Yopal fault, for this reason the pipe had moved from the area into the launching trap of Santiago, located 60km away from the trace of the fault. In the Medellín–Cartago pipeline, in the crossing above the Cauca river, in the area of La Felisa, there is a 2.57m misalignment, in relation to the construction location, where the towers were aligned with the direction of the pipe, around 25 years ago. Nowadays the curve in the pipe suspended from the bridge cables can be observed, which, given the length of the bridge of around 200m doesn’t affect the mechanical conditions of the pipe. Along the Cauca river passes one of the geological faults of the Romeral system. (figure 5). Due to the tracing of the initial pipes of the Cusiana Field, in the late 90s of the past century, a shortening of more than 2m of distance was detected between the geodesic spots of the National Geodesic Network, Taura and Mena, that are found beside the Guaicaramo faults system, these spots were built in the early 50s and located with first order geodesic precision procedures.

scholarly journals RELIEF AND GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF CARPATHIAN BIOSPHERE RESERVE

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Kravchuk ◽  
Vitaliy Brusak
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Rill Erosion ◽  
Lower Tier ◽  
Gravitational Processes ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Glacial Landforms ◽  
Longitudinal Division ◽  
Sheet Erosion

The relief and geological structure of Carpathian Biosphere Reserve represent the features of the geological and geomorphological structure of the four geomorphological regions of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The block mid-mountains of the Polonynsko-Chornohirsky Carpathians (Chornohora, Svydovets, and Uholsko-Shyrokoluzhansky massifs) and the folded mid-mountains of Marmarosy crystal massif (Marmarosy and Kuziy-Trybushansky massifs) are well protected within the reserve. The analysis of the morphostructure and morphosculpture of the reserve is carried out taking into account the longitudinal (NW–SE) and transverse divisions of the Ukrainian The analysis of the morphostructure and morphosculpture of the reserve is carried out taking into account the longitudinal (NW–SE) and transverse divisions of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The longitudinal division is associated with morphostructures of higher orders, such as second and third. The transverse division is associated with the fourth and fifth orders of morphostructures. In the analysis of morphosculpture of the reserve, the types characterized for all regions of Flysch and Crystal Carpathians are allocated. All mountain massifs and ridges could be characterized by an asymmetrical structure, such as steep northeastern slopes and acclivous southwestern slopes. The relic morphosculpture is represented by: 1) fragments of denudation surfaces of different ages such as Polonynska, Pidpolonynska, and riparian; 2) ancient glacial and extra glacial landforms; 3) areas of ancient longitudinal valleys. River valleys with a complex of different age terraces represent inherited morphosculpture. Modern morphodynamic processes are represented by height (tier) differentiation. The processes of sheet erosion, deflation, and rill erosion play an important role in the relief modeling for the tiers of strongly dissected mid-mountain relief. The lower tier of the terraced and non-terraced bottoms of the valleys are associated with the processes of leaching and erosion as well as a significant accumulation of erosion products and mudflows. Stabilized and active displacements are the most recorded among the gravitational processes and block motions. Key words: Carpathian Biosphere Reserve; Ukrainian Carpathians; relief; morphostructure; morphosculpture.

scholarly journals Determination of Recreation Potential with Using Gülez Method in Çankırı Kadınçayırı Natural Park Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Betül TÜLEK
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Natural Parks ◽  
Recreation Activities

In recent years, the demand for national parks and natural parks has increased with the increasing interest in outdoor recreation activities. Today, natural park areas are visited by many people who come to engage in recreational activities. For this reason, recreational activities in natural parks gain importance and take an important place in tourism activities. In this study, the research of Kadınçayırı Natural Park recreational potential which are located in the borders of Ilgaz district of Çankırı province are included. Within the scope of the research, literature studies were conducted on recreation, recreation potential and its measurement, and the recreational potential of the area was tried to be determined by performing field studies and on-site observations. As a result of the research, it has been determined that Kadınçayırı Natural Park has a high recreational potential with 66.3%.

German Uplands and Alpine Foreland

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Koster
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
Alpine Foreland ◽  
Morphotectonic Evolution ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Landform Regions ◽  
North Western

From north to south in Germany there is a rough symmetry in the distribution of the major geological and landform units. Quaternary glacial and fluvioglacial deposits and landforms characterize the Northern Lowlands and the Alpine Foreland in the south. Relief in both these areas is relatively flat, mostly of the order of a few tens of metres to 200 metres. The central part of the country, roughly between a line from Bonn–Dortmund–Hannover–Leipzig–Dresden in the north and the river Danube in the south, is dominated by uplands and basins, mainly consisting of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic rocks, exhibiting a relief of several hundred metres. This central region is bordered in the western and eastern part by fault block mountains and massifs consisting of Palaeozoic, partly crystalline rocks. These massifs attain heights of c.500–1,500 m. Based on a combination of morphotectonic evolution and landform associations, most authors distinguish five major landform regions: • The North German Lowlands as a part of the North European Lowlands, extending from the north-western tip of France, through Belgium and The Netherlands to the Polish–Russian border and beyond. The southern border of this region more or less coincides with the 100–200 m contour lines as well as with the maximum extension of the Fennoscandian ice sheets. The usual thickness of the glacial/fluvioglacial sediment sequence is between 100 and 300 m; the maximum thickness is almost 500 m. In contrast to Ahnert (1989b), the Lower Rhine graben and the Munster Embayment are included in this region by Semmel (1996) and Liedtke and Marcinek (2002). • The Central German Uplands. This region is characterized by a relief between 200 and 1,000 m, locally to 1,500 m, old Palaeozoic (Variscan) massifs, denudational landforms with planation surfaces, cuestas, hogbacks, basins, and deeply incised river valleys. Concerning the southern border of this region there also appears to be some difference of opinion. Semmel (1996) obviously includes the Saar-Nahe Upland and the Thüringer Wald, the Erzgebirge, the Bayerischer Wald, and Böhmer Wald. This is also the case with the geomorphic map in the Nationalatlas by Liedtke et al. (2003). Liedtke and Marcinek (2002), however, do not include the Saar-Nahe Upland nor the Bayerischer Wald and Böhmer Wald.

Morphostructural organization of the North-Western part of the Black Sea shelf

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
E. Mikhaylenko
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
The North ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
North Western ◽  
Tectonic Origin

The article is devoted to the investigation of the morphostructure organization of the northwestern part of the Black Sea shelf and the connection of morphostructural elements with underwater canyons. In the presented material is considered the issue of the origin of underwater canyons. The valleys of the Danube, the Dnieper, the Dniester, and the Southern Bug are followed on the north-western shelf at a considerable distance from the shore (approximately 100-120 km). The question of the origin of the underwater canyons remains controversial. Since the underwater canyons in their main part are the continuation of large rivers, the question arises of their paleogeographic origin, but at the same time if the underwater canyons are former river valleys, then how did they find themselves at the bottom of the sea at depths of 2000 m? Consequently, we need incredible tectonic processes to hide the riverbed at such a depth. All this contradicts the formation of the Earth in Tertiary and Quaternary time. Consequently, there are reasons to believe that the underwater canyons are based on tectonic forms of relief. The analysis of the tectonic discontinuity of the Baltic Shield and other areas shows that when the shields are raised, radial split systems are formed and concentrically located to the center of the lift. This hypothesis is consistent with the theory of tectonic plates. It is likely that the same system of splits should also be formed when immersing the edge of the main platform. Thus, the most scientific one can be considered a tectonic hypothesis. The characteristic of morphostructures, analysis of their interconnection, expression in the relief, connection with underwater canyons is carried out. It was investigated that all large underwater canyons of the Black Sea shelf coincide with the isolated linear morphostructures, and, consequently, have tectonic origin.

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