scholarly journals The tendencies of air temperature and precipitation in the mountainous part of the Prut River basin for the years 2007–2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (40) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
P. Shuber ◽  
V. Berezyak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Key Words ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Prut River

Based of the Pozhyzhevs’ka and Yaremche meteorologie Stations data, the air temperature climatic norm and the precipitation have been determinated for 1961–1990 years. The deviation in comparison with the average air temperature and precipitation the 2007–2009 years from their climatic norm for the Chornohora Landscape of the Highland Pasture and the Liubizhnia Landscape of the Lowland-LowEarth-Lump physico-geographic areas of the Ukrainian Carpathians in the River Prut Basion has been provided for the tendencies analysis of climate change in the study area. The norm climatic value for the air temperature overrun on 1.3 °С at Chornohora Landscape (Pozhyzhevs’ka meteorologic Station) and 1.6 °С at Liubizhnia Landscape (Yaremche meteorological Station) has been identified for period 2007–2009. The overrun of the norm precipitation consist 383.6 mm in the first and 155.2 mm in the second study areas. Key words: precipitation, air temperature, climatic norm, dynamics, Landscape

scholarly journals On the issue of fluctuations in the extreme maximum runoff under the conditions of the expected climate change in the Marmarik river basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Varduhi Margaryan ◽  
Elena Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Runoff Rate ◽  
Maximum Runoff

The paper analyzes the peculiarities of formation of the absolute maximum runoff of the Marmarik river evaluates the patterns of multi-year fluctuations of maximum runoff rates in different river sites and gives a forecast of the maximum runoff in the context of global climate change. Absolute values of the maximum river runoff for different scenarios of climate change are estimated. The actual observational data of Armhydromet for maximum runoff rate, the air temperature and precipitation were used as the source material. As a result of the study, it turned out that there is only a tendency to decrease in the values of maximum runoff. It turned out that for all scenarios and cases in the Marmarik river basin, a different degree of changes in the maximum flow is observed. Moreover, the largest decrease in the maximum runoff of the Marmarik river basin is expected under the conditions of an increase in the average air temperature of the spring season by 2,7—3,9 degrees Celsius and a decrease in the amount of spring atmospheric precipitation by 2,4—2,6 %.

scholarly journals Innovative Trend Analysis of Air Temperature and Precipitation in the Jinsha River Basin, China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3293
Author(s):  
Zengchuan Dong ◽  
Wenhao Jia ◽  
Ranjan Sarukkalige ◽  
Guobin Fu ◽  
Qing Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Trend Detection ◽  
Spatial Pattern Analysis ◽  
Jinsha River ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Innovative Trend Analysis

Trend detection based on hydroclimatological time series is crucial for understanding climate change. In this study, the innovative trend analysis (ITA) method was applied to investigate trends in air temperature and precipitation over the Jinsha River Basin (JRB), China, from 1961 to 2016 based on 40 meteorological stations. Climatic factors series were divided into three categories according to percentile, and the hidden trends were evaluated separately. The ITA results show that annual and seasonal temperatures have significantly increased whereas the variation range of annual temperature tended to narrow. Spatial pattern analysis of the temperature indicates that high elevation areas show more increasing trends than flat areas. Furthermore, according to ITA, significant increase trends are observed in annual precipitation and “high” category of spring precipitation. The sub-basins results show a significant decreasing trend in elevation zones of ≤2000 m and an increasing trend where elevation is >2000 m. Moreover, linkage between temperature and precipitation was analyzed and the potential impact of the combined changes was demonstrated. The results of this study provide a reference for future water resources planning in the JRB and will help advance the understanding of climate change in similar areas.

scholarly journals Mudanças Climáticas em Campina Grande-PB – Um Estudo sobre o Aquecimento Urbano (Climate Change in Campina Grande-PB – A Study on Urban Heat)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Magno Teodosio de Medeiros ◽  
Márcia Pontes da Silva ◽  
Raimundo Mainar de Medeiros ◽  
Ricardo Da Cunha Correia Lima
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Key Words Temperature

O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o comportamento da temperatura do ar nos últimos 20 anos (1990-2010), sobre a área urbana de Campina Grande, em relação às médias climatológicas do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia – INMET (1961-1990). Foram utilizados dados da estação meteorológica do INMET, localizada nas dependências da EMBRAPA - Algodão – Campina Grande. Diagnosticou-se que a temperatura nos últimos anos tem apresentado um acréscimo considerável na temperatura observada em comparação com as normais climatológicas do INMET. Assim, os resultados convergiram em que as temperaturas médias, máximas e mínimas ficassem acima da normal climatológica. Infere-se que as diferenças nos valores de temperatura acontecem devido à urbanização ocorrida na área de estudo nos últimos 20 anos e que gerou uma ilha de calor no entorno da estação meteorológica da EMBRAPA, visto que a influência da urbanização favorece o aquecimento daquela região em estudo.  Palavras-chave: Temperatura, Ilha de calor, Aquecimento das cidades.    Climate Change in Campina Grande-PB – A Study on Urban Heat    ABSTRACT   The objective of this work is to study the behavior of air temperature over the past 20 years (1990-2010), over the urban area of Campina Grande, in relation to climatological averages from the National Institute of Meteorology - INMET (1961-1990). We used data from the meteorological station INMET, located on the premises of EMBRAPA - Cotton - Campina Grande. We diagnosed that the temperature during the past year has seen a considerable increase in temperature observed in comparison with the normal climatological INMET. Thus, the results converged on the average temperatures, highs and lows were above the climatological normal. It is inferred that the differences in temperature occur due to the urbanization that occurred in the study area in the last 20 years and has generated a heat island in the vicinity of the meteorological station of EMBRAPA, since the influence of urbanization favors warming in that region study. Key words: Temperature, Heat island, Heating cities.

scholarly journals Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on Soil Erosion in the Xihe River Basin, China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Guo ◽  
Zhengru Zhu ◽  
Leting Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Validation Period ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Calibration Period

Climate change and human activities are the major factors affecting runoff and sediment load. We analyzed the inter-annual variation trend of the average rainfall, air temperature, runoff and sediment load in the Xihe River Basin from 1969–2015. Pettitt’s test and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model were used to detect sudden change in hydro-meteorological variables and simulate the basin hydrological cycle, respectively. According to the simulation results, we explored spatial distribution of soil erosion in the watershed by utilizing ArcGIS10.0, analyzed the average erosion modulus by different type of land use, and quantified the contributions of climate change and human activities to runoff and sediment load in changes. The results showed that: (1) From 1969–2015, both rainfall and air temperature increased, and air temperature increased significantly (p < 0.01) at 0.326 °C/10 a (annual). Runoff and sediment load decreased, and sediment load decreased significantly (p < 0.01) at 1.63 × 105 t/10 a. In 1988, air temperature experienced a sudden increase and sediment load decreased. (2) For runoff, R2 and Nash and Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (Ens) were 0.92 and 0.91 during the calibration period and 0.90 and 0.87 during the validation period, for sediment load, R2 and Ens were 0.60 and 0.55 during the calibration period and 0.70 and 0.69 during the validation period, meeting the model’s applicability requirements. (3) Soil erosion was worse in the upper basin than other regions, and highest in cultivated land. Climate change exacerbates runoff and sediment load with overall contribution to the total change of −26.54% and −8.8%, respectively. Human activities decreased runoff and sediment load with overall contribution to the total change of 126.54% and 108.8% respectively. Runoff and sediment load change in the Xihe River Basin are largely caused by human activities.

scholarly journals Influência de Mudanças Climáticas no Balanço Hídrico da Amazônia Ocidental (Influence of Climate Change on Water Budget of Western Amazonia)

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailton Marcolino Liberato ◽  
José Ivaldo B. De Brito
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar possíveis alterações em componentes do balanço hídrico climático, associadas a diferentes cenários (A2 e B2) das mudanças climáticas do IPCC, para a Amazônia Ocidental (Acre, Amazonas, Rondônia e Roraima). Os dados climatológicos de temperatura do ar e totais de precipitação pluvial usados como referência neste estudo, são oriundos do INMET (1961-2005), da CEPLAC (1983-1999) e da reanálise do NCEP/NCAR (1983-1995). O método utilizado na elaboração do balanço hídrico é o de Thornthwaite e Mather (1957) modificado por Krishan (1980). Os resultados das projeções mostram tendência de clima mais seco, diminuição na umidade do solo, redução na vazão dos rios, aumento no risco de incêndio e diminuição no escoamento superficial e sub-superficial para a Amazônia Ocidental até 2100.Palavras-chave: cenários, índices climáticos, Amazônia. Influence of Climate Change on Water Budget of Western Amazonia ABSTRACTThe main objective of this study was investigate possible alterations in the climatic water budget components associated with different scenarios (A2 and B2) of the IPCC to Amazonian Western (Acre, Amazonas, Rondônia and Roraima). The climatological data of air temperature and precipitation from the INMET (1961-2005), CEPLAC (1983-1999) and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis (1983-1995) were used in the present study. The Thornthwaite and Mather (1955) method was used in the elaboration of the climatic water budget modified by Krishan (1980). The results of the projections show drier climate trends and decrease of the soil moisture, reduction in the rivers discharge, increase in the fire risk and decrease in the runoff for the Amazonian Western up to 2100. Keywords: scenarios, climate index, Amazonian.

scholarly journals Analysis of climate change in Dnipropetrovsk Region

2017 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
V. V. Hrynchak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Weather Observations ◽  
Average Annual Temperature

The decision about writing this article was made after familiarization with the "Brief Climatic Essay of Dnepropetrovsk City (prepared based on observations of 1886 – 1937)" written by the Head of the Dnipropetrovsk Weather Department of the Hydrometeorological Service A. N. Mikhailov. The guide has a very interesting fate: in 1943 it was taken by the Nazis from Dnipropetrovsk and in 1948 it returned from Berlin back to the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological and Environmental Directorate of the USSR, as evidenced by a respective entry on the Essay's second page. Having these invaluable materials and data of long-term weather observations in Dnipro city we decided to analyze climate changes in Dnipropetrovsk region. The article presents two 50-year periods, 1886-1937 and 1961-2015, as examples. Series of observations have a uniform and representative character because they were conducted using the same methodology and results processing. We compared two main characteristics of climate: air temperature and precipitation. The article describes changes of average annual temperature values and absolute temperature values. It specifies the shift of seasons' dates and change of seasons' duration. We studied the changes of annual precipitation and peculiarities of their seasonable distribution. Apart from that peculiarities of monthly rainfall fluctuations and their heterogeneity were specified. Since Dnipro city is located in the center of the region the identified tendencies mainly reflect changes of climatic conditions within the entire Dnipropetrovsk region.

scholarly journals Air Temperature and Precipitation Climatologies over Paraíba Sul River Basin, Southeast Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-365
Author(s):  
C. S. BRASILIENSE ◽  
C. P. DERECZYNSKI ◽  
P. SATYAMURTY ◽  
S. C. CHOU ◽  
R. N. CALADO
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Southeast Brazil ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

The «rainfall-runoff» system and its long-term fluctuations in the Siverskyi Donets River Basin (Ukraine)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Bolbot ◽  
Vasyl Grebin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Spring Flood ◽  
Current Period

&lt;p&gt;The current patterns estimation of the water regime under climate change is one of the most urgent tasks in Ukraine and the world. Such changes are determined by fluctuations in the main climatic characteristics - precipitation and air temperature, which are defined the value of evaporation. These parameters influence on the annual runoff distribution and long-term runoff fluctuations. In particular, the annual precipitation redistribution is reflected in the corresponding changes in the river runoff.&lt;br&gt;The assessment of the current state and nature of changes in precipitation and river runoff of the Siverskyi Donets River Basin was made by comparing the current period (1991-2018) with the period of the climatological normal (1961-1990).&lt;br&gt;In general, for this area, it was defined the close relationship between the amount of precipitation and the annual runoff. Against the background of insignificant (about 1%) increase of annual precipitation in recent decades, it was revealed their redistribution by seasons and separate months. There is a decrease in precipitation in the cold period (November-February). This causes (along with other factors) a decrease in the amount of snow and, accordingly, the spring flood runoff. There are frequent cases of unexpressed spring floods of the Siverskyi Donets River Basin. The runoff during March-April (the period of spring flood within the Ukrainian part of the basin) decreased by almost a third.&lt;br&gt;The increase of precipitation during May-June causes a corresponding (insignificant) increase in runoff in these months. The shift of the maximum monthly amount of precipitation from May (for the period 1961-1990) to June (in the current period) is observed.&lt;br&gt;There is a certain threat to water supply in the region due to the shift in the minimum monthly amount of precipitation in the warm period from October to August. Compared with October, there is a higher air temperature and, accordingly, higher evaporation in August, which reduces the runoff. Such a situation is solved by rational water resources management of the basin. The possibility of replenishing water resources in the basin through the transfer runoff from the Dnieper (Dnieper-Siverskyi Donets channel) and the annual runoff redistribution in the reservoir system causes some increase in the river runoff of summer months in recent decades. This is also contributed by the activities of the river basin management structures, which control the maintenance water users' of minimum ecological flow downstream the water intakes and hydraulic structures in the rivers of the basin.&lt;br&gt;Therefore, in the period of current climate change, the annual runoff distribution of the Siverskyi Donets River Basin has undergone significant changes, which is related to the annual precipitation redistribution and anthropogenic load on the basin.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Interactions between Climate Change and Complex Topography Drive Observed Streamflow Changes in the Colorado River Basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1637-1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt C. Solander ◽  
Katrina E. Bennett ◽  
Sean W. Fleming ◽  
David S. Gutzler ◽  
Emily M. Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Colorado River ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colorado River Basin ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
High Elevations

Abstract The Colorado River basin (CRB) is one of the most important watersheds for energy, water, and food security in the United States. CRB water supports 15% of U.S. food production, more than 50 GW of electricity capacity, and one of the fastest growing populations in the United States. Energy–water–food nexus impacts from climate change are projected to increase in the CRB. These include a higher incidence of extreme events, widespread snow-to-rain regime shifts, and a higher frequency and magnitude of climate-driven disturbances. Here, we empirically show how the historical annual streamflow maximum and hydrograph centroid timing relate to temperature, precipitation, and snow. In addition, we show how these hydroclimatic relationships vary with elevation and how the elevation dependence has changed over this historical observational record. We find temperature and precipitation have a relatively weak relation (|r| &lt; 0.3) to interannual variations in streamflow timing and extremes at low elevations (&lt;1500 m), but a relatively strong relation (|r| &gt; 0.5) at high elevations (&gt;2300 m) where more snow occurs in the CRB. The threshold elevation where this relationship is strongest (|r| &gt; 0.5) is moving uphill at a rate of up to 4.8 m yr−1 (p = 0.11) and 6.1 m yr−1 (p = 0.01) for temperature and precipitation, respectively. Based on these findings, we hypothesize where warming and precipitation-related streamflow changes are likely to be most severe using a watershed-scale vulnerability map to prioritize areas for further research and to inform energy, water, and food resource management in the CRB.

The effect of ambient air temperature and precipitation on monthly counts of salmonellosis in four regions of Kazakhstan, Central Asia, in 2000–2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. GRJIBOVSKI ◽  
A. KOSBAYEVA ◽  
B. MENNE
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Similar Association ◽  
Level Of Significance

SUMMARYWe studied associations between monthly counts of laboratory-confirmed cases of salmonellosis, ambient air temperature and precipitation in four settings in Kazakhstan. We observed a linear association between the number of cases of salmonellosis and mean monthly temperature during the same months only in Astana: an increase of 1°C was associated with a 5·5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2·2–8·8] increase in the number of cases. A similar association, although not reaching the level of significance was observed in the Southern Kazakhstan region (3·5%, 95% CI −2·1 to 9·1). Positive association with precipitation with lag 2 was found in Astana: an increase of 1 mm was associated with a 0·5% (95% CI 0·1–1·0) increase in the number of cases. A similar association, but with lag 0 was observed in Southern Kazakhstan region (0·6%, 95% CI 0·1–1·1). The results may have implications for the future patterns of salmonellosis in Kazakhstan with regard to climate change.

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