Mechanisms of glycolysis and bioenergy state of cells at the stages of cardiosurgical interventions in patients with hypoxic — ischemic impairments of the brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Mankovsky
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Artificial Circulation ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Bioenergetic Metabolism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Oxidative Homeostasis

Objective — to study the features of bioenergetic provision of oxidative homeostasis (OH) in patients with hypoxic‑ischemic brain lesions (HIBL) before and after cardiac surgery (CS) using artificial circulation (AC). Methods and subjects. Clinical and biochemical studies were performed in 38 patients, including 14 with ischemic stroke, 15 with encephalopathy, and 9 with severe cognitive dysfunction. Results. Analysis of metabolic indicators of glycolysis activity and energy homeostasis of cells before and after CS revealed the patterns of changes in the disorganization of glycolysis mechanisms, intensification of anaerobic mechanisms while limiting the energy supply of cells. The obtained data confirm the formation of specific postoperative metabolic provision of bioenergy in patients with CS, which should be considered as one of the triggers of HIBL and individualization of antioxidant cerebroprotection in the preoperative period, taking into account the state of bioenergetic metabolism of cells and the dominant mechanisms of glycolysis. Conclusions. Preoperative antioxidant cerebroprotection as a means of prevention of hypoxic‑ischemic brain lesions during cardiac surgery using artificial circulation should be based on the determination of bioenergetic and metabolic reserves, the depletion of which by antioxidant drugs suppression should not be considered, as activation of anaerobic glycolysis at simultaneous metabolic suppression of mitochondrial bioenergetics is a factor of formation or aggravation of ischemic lesions of brain.  

scholarly journals Enzymatic-metabolic support of oxidative homeostasis in patients with hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions in the stages of cardiosurgical interventions

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Dmytro Mankovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Probabilistic Distribution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Oxidative Homeostasis

To study the features of enzymatic and metabolic support of oxidative homeostasis in patients with hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions before and after cardiac surgery using artificial circulation we examined 38 patients, in particular: ischemic stroke — 14 people, encephalopathy — 15 people, severe cognitive dysfunction — 9 people ; diagnosis of neurological status was performed according to clinical protocols. Clinical and biochemical study was performed at the preoperative (3—5 days) and postoperative (5—7 days) stages: determined the content of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase in erythrocytes and α-tocopherol acetate in the serum of the blood, as well as the product cells: diene conjugates, metabolites of nitritanion in plasma. Variation statistics, probabilistic distribution of data with the subsequent estimation of reliability of results are applied; relative biochemical parameters were used: metabolic index, metabolic coefficient and metabolic effect for each. Standard methods using the program adapted to the “Excel” environment were used for calculations. The obtained data support the formation of patients with specific postoperative enzymatic-metabolic support of oxidative homeostasis, which should be considered as one of the triggers of hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions. In particular, at the level of the enzymatic chain of pro-, antioxidant protection and at the level of metabolic processes associated with peroxidation of phospholipids of cell membranes, a number of significant metabolic effects were revealed, which are generalized due to secondary oxidation products and NO‑dependent metabolites.

Focal Ischemic Cerebral Injury in the Newborn: Diagnosis by Ultrasound and Correlation with Computed Tomographic Scan

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 790-793
Author(s):  
Alan Hill ◽  
David J. Martin ◽  
Alan Daneman ◽  
Charles R. Fitz
Keyword(s):  
Term Infant ◽  
Cerebral Injury ◽  
Ultrasound Scanning ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic ◽  
The Brain

Ischemic brain injury in the newborn is a common cause of subsequent neurologic deficits seen in older children. Clearly, determination of severity and location of such injury is important for management and prognosis. Although ultrasound scanning of the brain has been used extensively in the premature infant for diagnosis of hemorrhagic lesions, its use in the term infant for recognition of isehemic cerebral lesions has not been reported. Four cases are described in which focal echodense areas were identified on ultrasound scan of the brain. These echodense areas on ultrasound corresponded to the appearance on computed tomographic (CT) scan of areas of decreased density which are known to represent ischemic cerebral injury. In three of the four cases there were focal neurologic findings and/or focal abnormalities on EEG. In two cases, real-time ultrasound scanning demonstrated changes in arterial pulsations in cerebral vessels in the area of the lesions. Thus in both, there was diminution in pulsations within the echodense areas and in one case, an increase in pulsations was observed at the periphery of the echodense lesion. Our data demonstrate the value of ultrasound scanning for assessment of the extent and location of focal cerebral ischemic lesions in the newborn. Such assessment permite assessment of prognosis.

scholarly journals Iba1+/NG2+ Macrophage-Like Cells Expressing a Variety of Neuroprotective Factors Ameliorate Ischemic Damage of the Brain

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Smirkin ◽  
Hiroaki Matsumoto ◽  
Hisaaki Takahashi ◽  
Akihiro Inoue ◽  
Masahiko Tagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Ischemic Lesion ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
The Brain

In a transient 90-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of rats, a large ischemic lesion is formed where macrophage-like cells massively accumulate, many of which express a macrophage marker, Iba1, and an oligodendrocyte progenitor cell marker, NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (NG2); therefore, the cells were termed BINCs (Brain Iba1+/NG2+Cells). A bone marrow transplantation experiment using green-fluorescent protein-transgenic rats showed that BINCs were derived from bone marrow. 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) injection at 2 days post reperfusion (2 dpr) markedly reduced the number of BINCs at 7 dpr, causing enlargement of necrotic volumes and frequent death of the rats. When isolated BINCs were transplanted into 5FU-aggravated ischemic lesion, the volume of the lesion was much reduced. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that BINCs expressed mRNAs encoding bFGF, BMP2, BMP4, BMP7, GDNF, HGF, IGF-1, PDGF-A, and VEGF. In particular, BINCs expressed IGF-1 mRNA at a very high level. Immunohistochemical staining showed that IGF-1-expressing BINCs were found not only in rat but also human ischemic brain lesions. These results suggest that bone marrow-derived BINCs play a beneficial role in ischemic brain lesions, at least in part, through secretion of neuroprotective factors.

Diagnostics value of neurospecific proteins in patients with meningiomas

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
A. S. KURAKINA ◽  
◽  
N. A. SHCHELCHKOVA ◽  
I. V. MUKHINA ◽  
V. N. GRIGORYEVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Radical Removal ◽  
Glial Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Subtotal Removal ◽  
Meningioma Surgery ◽  
Operation Results ◽  
The Brain

The purpose was to study the diagnostic value of the content of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in patients with meningiomas before and after surgery. Material and methods. The study involved 70 patients with meningiomas and 62 healthy people. The examination of the patients included clinical and neurological examination, determination of BDNF and GDNF (R&D Systems, USA) content in blood plasma using enzyme immunoassay performed before the surgery and 5–6 days after meningioma surgery. The totality of meningioma removal was determined intraoperatively, which was then confirmed by control neuroimaging a day after the operation. Results. BDNF level less than 2038,6 PG/ml allows diagnosing the characteristic of meningiomas changes with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 44%. GDNF level more than 3.1 PG/ml allows diagnosing the meningioma-related changes in the brain with sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 51%. The plasma level of BDNF in patients after subtotal removal of meningioma on 5–6 days after surgery significantly increased, compared with the preoperative value, p = 0,01. The plasma concentration of GDNF in patients with meningiomas after radical removal of the tumor significantly decreased compared to its preoperative lever, p = 0,01. Conclusion. To summarize, our data show that none of the investigated markers is suitable to substitute histological diagnosis. However, measurement of circulating BDNF and GDNF before and after surgery may be a support to diagnose the totality of meningioma removal.

scholarly journals Neuroplasticity pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neuro-optometric rehabilitation in ischemic stroke – a brief review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (Vol.12, no.1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Adriana Elena BULBOACA ◽  
Ioana STANESCU ◽  
Cristina NICULA ◽  
Angelo BULBOACA
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcome ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

Neuroplasticity is an essential phenomenon underlying on neurorehabilitation process, by which the brain can remodel the dysfunction consequent to a lesion. Ischemic brain lesions are the most frequent brain lesions often associated with visual function disability. Experimental and clinical studies established that visual function disability can impede the neurorehabilitation therapy efficiency. Neuro-optometric therapy has been proved to significantly improve the patient outcome after brain lesions. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this process are yet to be deciphered. Current knowledge regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in ischemic lesions and neuroplasticity as a reparation process offers real support to a more efficient neurorehabilitation therapy that can contribute to the improvement of life quality in stroke patients. Keywords: neuroplasticity, neuro-optometric rehabilitation, ischemic stroke,

Optogenetic and chemogenetic technologies for advanced functional investigations of the neural correlates of emotions

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Alexandre Surget ◽  
Catherine Belzung
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
The Brain

The neural circuits underlying emotions have been extensively examined in the last decades, using either correlational approaches (e.g. functional imaging in human subjects or post-mortem immunohistochemistry in rodents) or methodologies enabling to investigate causal relationships (such as focused brain lesions in animals). However, each of these approaches has strong limitations that have hampered research in this field. The first approaches do not enable investigation of causal relations; they allow determining associations of particular emotional expressions with distinct cell populations or brain areas. The second approach enables the determination of causal relations but not the inhibition of particular cell types or projections or the investigation of the effects of manipulating neuronal activity during a restricted time period. Optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches are two cutting-edge methodologies that enabled ground-breaking research in the field of emotion in recent years. These approaches make possible the stimulation or inhibition of specific neuronal populations/projections in a specific area of the brain, during a precise period of time, thus permitting the dissection of the contribution of precise neuronal populations, sub-areas, and outputs to the different components of emotions. It is strongly impacting research in this field, providing a more complex and rich view of the biology of normal emotions.

scholarly journals Detection of Rabies Antigen in the Saliva and Brains of Apparently Healthy Dogs Slaughtered for Human Consumption and Its Public Health Implications in Abia State, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Mshelbwala ◽  
A. B. Ogunkoya ◽  
B. V. Maikai
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The study was carried out in eight dogs slaughtering outlets within four Local Government Areas of the State for the determination of rabies antigen in the saliva and brain of apparently healthy dogs slaughtered for human consumption. A total of one hundred (100) samples each of saliva and brain were collected before and after slaughter, respectively, between April to June, 2013, in the selected areas. The saliva was subjected to rapid immune-chromatographic test (RICT) while direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) was carried out on the brain samples. Structured questionnaire was administered to nineteen (19) dog meat processors comprising 18 males and 1 female in the selected areas. Sixty four percent of the samples tested were from female dogs while 36% were from males, 5% tested positive for rabies antigen with the use of both tests; there was no statistical association between sex and rabies status of the dogs sampled (P>0.05). Butchers bitten during the course of slaughtering were 94.7% out of which 72.8% utilized traditional method of treatment and only 27.8% reported to the hospital for proper medical attention. This study has established the presence of rabies antigen in apparently healthy dogs in the study area.

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