scholarly journals Enzymatic-metabolic support of oxidative homeostasis in patients with hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions in the stages of cardiosurgical interventions

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Dmytro Mankovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Probabilistic Distribution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Oxidative Homeostasis

To study the features of enzymatic and metabolic support of oxidative homeostasis in patients with hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions before and after cardiac surgery using artificial circulation we examined 38 patients, in particular: ischemic stroke — 14 people, encephalopathy — 15 people, severe cognitive dysfunction — 9 people ; diagnosis of neurological status was performed according to clinical protocols. Clinical and biochemical study was performed at the preoperative (3—5 days) and postoperative (5—7 days) stages: determined the content of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase in erythrocytes and α-tocopherol acetate in the serum of the blood, as well as the product cells: diene conjugates, metabolites of nitritanion in plasma. Variation statistics, probabilistic distribution of data with the subsequent estimation of reliability of results are applied; relative biochemical parameters were used: metabolic index, metabolic coefficient and metabolic effect for each. Standard methods using the program adapted to the “Excel” environment were used for calculations. The obtained data support the formation of patients with specific postoperative enzymatic-metabolic support of oxidative homeostasis, which should be considered as one of the triggers of hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions. In particular, at the level of the enzymatic chain of pro-, antioxidant protection and at the level of metabolic processes associated with peroxidation of phospholipids of cell membranes, a number of significant metabolic effects were revealed, which are generalized due to secondary oxidation products and NO‑dependent metabolites.

Mechanisms of glycolysis and bioenergy state of cells at the stages of cardiosurgical interventions in patients with hypoxic — ischemic impairments of the brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Mankovsky
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Artificial Circulation ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Bioenergetic Metabolism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Oxidative Homeostasis

Objective — to study the features of bioenergetic provision of oxidative homeostasis (OH) in patients with hypoxic‑ischemic brain lesions (HIBL) before and after cardiac surgery (CS) using artificial circulation (AC). Methods and subjects. Clinical and biochemical studies were performed in 38 patients, including 14 with ischemic stroke, 15 with encephalopathy, and 9 with severe cognitive dysfunction. Results. Analysis of metabolic indicators of glycolysis activity and energy homeostasis of cells before and after CS revealed the patterns of changes in the disorganization of glycolysis mechanisms, intensification of anaerobic mechanisms while limiting the energy supply of cells. The obtained data confirm the formation of specific postoperative metabolic provision of bioenergy in patients with CS, which should be considered as one of the triggers of HIBL and individualization of antioxidant cerebroprotection in the preoperative period, taking into account the state of bioenergetic metabolism of cells and the dominant mechanisms of glycolysis. Conclusions. Preoperative antioxidant cerebroprotection as a means of prevention of hypoxic‑ischemic brain lesions during cardiac surgery using artificial circulation should be based on the determination of bioenergetic and metabolic reserves, the depletion of which by antioxidant drugs suppression should not be considered, as activation of anaerobic glycolysis at simultaneous metabolic suppression of mitochondrial bioenergetics is a factor of formation or aggravation of ischemic lesions of brain.  

Artifact removal from neurophysiological signals: impact on intracranial and arterial pressure monitoring in traumatic brain injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 1952-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Bo Lee ◽  
Hakseung Kim ◽  
Young-Tak Kim ◽  
Frederick A. Zeiler ◽  
Peter Smielewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Artifact Removal ◽  
Clinical Events ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After

OBJECTIVEMonitoring intracranial and arterial blood pressure (ICP and ABP, respectively) provides crucial information regarding the neurological status of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, these signals are often heavily affected by artifacts, which may significantly reduce the reliability of the clinical determinations derived from the signals. The goal of this work was to eliminate signal artifacts from continuous ICP and ABP monitoring via deep learning techniques and to assess the changes in the prognostic capacities of clinical parameters after artifact elimination.METHODSThe first 24 hours of monitoring ICP and ABP in a total of 309 patients with TBI was retrospectively analyzed. An artifact elimination model for ICP and ABP was constructed via a stacked convolutional autoencoder (SCAE) and convolutional neural network (CNN) with 10-fold cross-validation tests. The prevalence and prognostic capacity of ICP- and ABP-related clinical events were compared before and after artifact elimination.RESULTSThe proposed SCAE-CNN model exhibited reliable accuracy in eliminating ABP and ICP artifacts (net prediction rates of 97% and 94%, respectively). The prevalence of ICP- and ABP-related clinical events (i.e., systemic hypotension, intracranial hypertension, cerebral hypoperfusion, and poor cerebrovascular reactivity) all decreased significantly after artifact removal.CONCLUSIONSThe SCAE-CNN model can be reliably used to eliminate artifacts, which significantly improves the reliability and efficacy of ICP- and ABP-derived clinical parameters for prognostic determinations after TBI.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Akkermansia muciniphila Are Not Associated with Major Changes in the Circulating Endocannabinoidome but Linked to Higher Mono-Palmitoyl-Glycerol Levels as New PPARα Agonists

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Clara Depommier ◽  
Rosa Maria Vitale ◽  
Fabio Arturo Iannotti ◽  
Cristoforo Silvestri ◽  
Nicolas Flamand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Daily Ingestion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Palmitoyl Glycerol

Akkermansia muciniphila is considered as one of the next-generation beneficial bacteria in the context of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Although a first proof-of-concept of its beneficial effects has been established in the context of metabolic syndrome in humans, mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study aimed at deciphering whether the bacterium exerts its beneficial properties through the modulation of the endocannabinoidome (eCBome). Circulating levels of 25 endogenous endocannabinoid-related lipids were quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the plasma of overweight or obese individuals before and after a 3 months intervention consisting of the daily ingestion of either alive or pasteurized A. muciniphila. Results from multivariate analyses suggested that the beneficial effects of A. muciniphila were not linked to an overall modification of the eCBome. However, subsequent univariate analysis showed that the decrease in 1-Palmitoyl-glycerol (1-PG) and 2-Palmitoyl-glycerol (2-PG), two eCBome lipids, observed in the placebo group was significantly counteracted by the alive bacterium, and to a lower extent by the pasteurized form. We also discovered that 1- and 2-PG are endogenous activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). We hypothesize that PPARα activation by mono-palmitoyl-glycerols may underlie part of the beneficial metabolic effects induced by A. muciniphila in human metabolic syndrome.

The efficacy and safety of hybrid ablations for atrial fibrillation, assessed using implantable ECG recorders and sequential magnetic resonance imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Osmancik ◽  
D Herman ◽  
P Kacer ◽  
V Rizov ◽  
J Vesela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rate Control ◽  
Rhythm Control ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hybrid Ablation ◽  
Control Survival

Abstract Background Treatment strategies for patients with non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) still do not provide satisfactory results. In pursuit of better results, other approaches, such as the hybrid ablation (i.e., thoracoscopic epicardial ablation followed by catheter ablation), have been used. The accurate data regarding the efficacy and safety of the procedure are still limited. Purpose To determine the procedural safety, and the mid-term efficacy of hybrid ablation. Methods Patients with non-paroxysmal AF were included. They underwent thoracoscopic, off-pump ablation using the COBRA Fusion radiofrequency system, followed by a percutaneous catheter ablation (2.6±1.0 mo after surgery). Sequential cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done (1 day before and 3–5 days after surgery) to look for new ischemic lesions in the brain. Implantable loop recorders (ILR) were implanted 1–3 days after the thoracoscopic procedure. Rhythm outcomes were defined as (1) AF-free OFF survival (i.e., no single episode of AF or atrial tachycardia (AT) lasting >30 sec as assessed using ILR, remaining OFF anti-arrhythmic drugs (AADs) and without a redo ablation or cardioversion), (2) AF-free ON survival (i.e., recurrence of AF or AT, however, AF freedom with no more AF/AT episodes >30 sec was achieved through re-initiation AADs, re-ablation, or cardioversion), and (3) rhythm control survival (repeated self-terminated paroxysms of AF/AT despite AADs, re-ablation, or cardioversion). Rate control strategy (i.e. the presence of AF with no more attempts for SR reinitiation) was considered as failure of the procedure. Results Sixty patients were enrolled, 37 (62%) were men, the mean age was 62.6±10.5 years, 29 (48%) with long-standing persistent AF. Thoracoscopic ablation was successfully performed in 56 (93.3%) patients, and significant complications occurred in 7 (11.8%) patients. Fifty-three patients (88.3%) underwent a pre- and 47 underwent a control postoperative cerebral MRI. Chronic ischemic brain lesions were present in 36 (68%) patients on the pre-operative MRI. New ischemic brain lesions on the post-operative MRI were seen in 19 (40%) patients, 18 of whom were without neurological symptoms, 1 patient had a manifest stroke. Catheter ablations were carried out in all 60 patients without complications. The mean follow-up was 22.9±10.3 months. AF-free OFF survival was present in 53.4% at 1 and in 41.5% at 2 years. AF-free ON survival was present in 72% at 1 year and 62% at 2 years. Rhythm control survival was present in 91% at 1 year and 89% at 2 years. Only 9%, or 11% of patients were on rate control at 1 and 2 years, resp. Conclusions Hybrid ablation presents an effective treatment strategy for patients with non-paroxysmal AF. The thoracoscopic part of the hybrid ablation procedure is accompanied by a high risk of silent cerebral ischemia, which should be considered in patients referred to this procedure. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Research grant of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, Nr. 16-32478A

Antibodies to CD11b, CD68, and lectin label neutrophils rather than microglia in traumatic and ischemic brain lesions

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 994-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Matsumoto ◽  
Yoshiaki Kumon ◽  
Hideaki Watanabe ◽  
Takanori Ohnishi ◽  
Masachika Shudou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Ischemic Brain

Neurogenic urinary disorders in patients with tuberculous spondylitis before and after surgical treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Aleksandr I. Gorbunov ◽  
Aleksandr N. Murav’ev ◽  
Evgenij G. Sokolovich ◽  
Petr K. Yablonsky
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Detrusor Overactivity ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Spinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction ◽  
Detrusor Sphincter Dyssynergia ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lower Urinary

ABSTRACT: Tuberculosis inflammation of vertebral column (spondylitis) can lead to neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. There is lack of available publications for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in spinal tuberculosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate urodynamic disturbances in spinal tuberculosis before and after surgery for spondylitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We observed 19 patients with spinal tuberculosis, who had symptoms of micturitions impairment. 14 patients (73,6%) were male and 5 (26,4%) were female, average age was 43,7 7,9 years (2766). Control evaluation was performed after surgery on day 2128. RESULTS: Before surgery we found detrusor overactivity in 11 (57,9%) patients and 2 of those with detrusor overactivity had detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. Detrusor hypo-/acontractility was diagnosed in 8 (42,1%). After surgery 5 patients (26,3%) exhibited improvement, in one case urodynamic disturbances were resolved. One patient developed detrusor overactivity and incontinence de novo and one patient had worsening neurological status, loss of sensitivity and acontractile bladder. CONCLUSION: Variable lower urinary tract dysfunction can be diagnosed in spinal tuberculosis. Only 26,3% of patients have improvement after surgery. New conditions or worsening of previous neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunctions can be observed.

scholarly journals Safety of meningococcal group B vaccination in hospitalised premature infants

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. F171-F175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Kent ◽  
Kazim Beebeejaun ◽  
Serena Braccio ◽  
Seilesh Kadambari ◽  
Paul Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group B

ObjectivesTo assess the risk of significant adverse events in premature infants receiving the novel 4-component group B meningococcal vaccine (4CMenB) with their routine immunisations at 2 months of age.Participants, design and settingIn December 2015, Public Health England requested neonatal units across England to voluntarily participate in a national audit; 19 units agreed to participate. Anonymised questionnaires were completed for infants receiving 4CMenB alongside their routine immunisations. For comparison, a historical cohort of premature infants receiving their primary immunisations without 4CMenB or paracetamol prophylaxis was used.Main outcome measuresParacetamol use; temperature, cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological status before and after vaccination; and management and investigations postvaccination, including serum C reactive protein levels, infection screens and antibiotic use.ResultsComplete questionnaires were returned for 133 premature infants (<35 weeks’ gestation) who received their first dose of 4CMenB at 8 weeks of age, including 108 who received prophylactic paracetamol according to national recommendations. Overall, 7% (8/108) of infants receiving 4CMenB with paracetamol had fever (>38°C) after vaccination compared with 20% (5/25) of those receiving 4CMenB without paracetamol (P=0.06) and none of those in the historical cohort. There were no significant differences between cohorts in the proportion of infants with apnoea, bradycardia, desaturation and receiving respiratory support after vaccination.Conclusions4CMenB does not increase the risk of serious adverse events in hospitalised premature infants. This audit supports the current national recommendations to offer 4CMenB with other routine vaccinations and prophylactic paracetamol to premature infants at their chronological age.

scholarly journals Influence of type and volume of surgical resection on postoperative period in patients with gliomas

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (5-1) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
B. V. Martynov ◽  
V. Ye. Parfenov ◽  
D. V. Svistov ◽  
G. Ye. Trufanov ◽  
V. A. Fokin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Tumour Resection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Location Type

283 patients with gliomas were included in this study. Age, sex, neurological status and Karnovsky performance were analyzed before and after surgery, also tumor location, type and volume of surgical resection, postoperative complications were considered. Volume of tumor resection did not depend on glioma localization, excluding deep located tumors, in which case stereotactic cryotomy was performed (p < 0,01). In cases of stereotactic cryotomy postoperative neurological deficit worsening was noted in 12,5%, in patients with open biopsy and partial resection — 10,9%, and in case of total or subtotal tumor resection in 7,0% (p > 0,05). Partial gliom resection often related with postoperative complications and neurological deficit worsening then open surgery total tumour resection. Stereotactic cryotomy does not lead to bigger postoperative complications frequency in comparisons with open surgery.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF METISEVIT AND METIFEN ON THE INTENSITY OF LIPID PER OXIDATION IN THE BLOOD OF BULLS ON NITRATE LOAD

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(70)) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.V. Gutyj ◽  
D.F. Hufriy ◽  
V.M. Hunchak ◽  
I.I. Khariv ◽  
N.D. Levkivska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Inactive Compound ◽  
Nitrite Toxicity ◽  
Nitrate Load ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
A Chain

The level of primary and secondary lipid per oxidation products were investigated: diene conjugates and malondialdehyde in conditions of nitrate loading. It was established that at bulls feeding with sodium nitrite at a dose of 0.2 hNO3ˉ/kg of body weight, the level of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde in their was increased during the entire the experiment. On the 30thday of the experiment the level of diene conjugates in blood of bull, which were conducted with nitrate load was 7.44 ± 0.15 mmol/l, and the level of malondialdehyde – 0.305 ± 0.014 mmol/l.Under conditions of nitrate load , young cattle was used a new integrated drug «Metisevit», which consists of sodium selenite, vitamin E and metifen. It was found the stimulating effect of metifen and metisevit on antioxidant system of the body of young cattle. Depressing effect of metifen and metisevit on the processes and lipid per oxidation in the blood of bulls under conditions of chronic nitrate–nitrite toxicity. Metifen and metisevit interact with radicals of fatty acids and delay the development of a chain reaction of oxidative stress, reduce the oxidation of phospholipids and form a biologically inactive compound with products of per oxidation of fats. Obtained results of the research indicate antioxidant drugs «Metisevit» and «Metifen» in the application of their young cattle.The mentioned changes are occurring through the comprehensive action of the drug components «Medisvit», that leads to the normalization of metabolic processes and free radical in the body of bulls. Obtained results of the research indicate the antioxidant action of the drugs «Metisevit» and «Metifen» in the application of their young cattle and the reasonableness of their administration to improve the antioxidant status of the organism according to nitrate loading.

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