Candlelignt Protests and the Pendular Movement of Korean Democracy, 1987-2017: With a focus on the simultaneousness of the problems of post-authoritarian democracy and post-democracy

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 55-100
Author(s):  
Jin-Wook Shin
Keyword(s):  
2020 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Yu. O. Shulpekova ◽  
V. Yu. Rusyaev ◽  
D. A. Sheptulin ◽  
N. V. Shulpekova

Introduction. Constipation is a derangement of the motor, secretory and/or evacuation function of the colon. The same symptoms are recorded in at least 20% of the population in the developed countries – as those occurring sporadically or for a long period.Basic content. The secretory function of the colon significantly affects stool consistency and its free movement. The secretion increases by 8–10 times in the presence of local mechanical irritation.  Intestinal mucus is produced by colonic goblet cells. The frequency, time of defecation and stool consistency is in large part determined by the motor function of the colon. The relation of various types of contraction varies depending on the main function – propulsion or mixing. Rhythmic phasic contractions in the colon generate a pendular movement with slow propulsion of the contents and absorption of water. The tonic contractions enhance the mixing effect of weak rhythmic contractions. The propulsive contractions are specifically attributed to the lower gastrointestinal tract and occur spontaneously. They occur quite regularly, from 2 to 10 times a day, and ensure the propulsion of intestinal contents over great distances in the colon. When reaching the sphincter area, such wave causes its relaxation by mechanisms of descending inhibition. The dietary regime and adequate intake of carbohydrates with various chain lengths, including dietary fiber, as well as flavonoids and other components that modify peristaltic activity and secretion, play an important role in the regulation of intestinal secretion and peristalsis. The drugs enhancing intestinal secretion and peristalsis, such as bisacodyl and sodium picosulfate, are also used to treat constipation. These substances hydrolyse into bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-pyridyl-2-methane in the intestine, which, upon contact with the receptors in colonic mucosa, stimulates propulsive activity and increases intestinal secretion. The selective action of sodium picosulfate is confined to the colon.Conclusion. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for constipation are aimed at maintaining and enhancing the natural propulsive contractions of the colon and intestinal secretion.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Luís Alípio Gomes ◽  
Tania Suely Azevedo Brasileiro

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os desdobramentos e repercussões das políticas educacionais de cunho descentralizador na realidade brasileira na década de 1990 a partir da influência dos organismos internacionais. O estudo é de natureza qualitativa e utilizou a revisão de literatura como método de investigação (DEMO, 2014; GIL, 1999). O ciclo de política proposto por Bowe et al. (1992) foi utilizado para compreensão do contexto de influência, da produção de texto e da prática para auxiliar na reflexão sobre os documentos e eventos promovidos pelos organismos internacionais (FMI, ONU, BIRD, OEA, BID). Discute as políticas públicas a partir da concepção de Estado e o processo de descentralização como característica principal das políticas educacionais (ARRETCHE, 2000; SOUZA; FARIA, 2004; NOVAES; FIALHO, 2010; CURY, 2010; SHIROMA; MORAES; EVANGELISTA, 2011). Conclui-se que a política educacional brasileira foi marcada pelo viés da descentralização não no sentido pleno da palavra, uma vez que ocorreu apenas a desconcentração, não refletindo os interesses locais, pois não há poder de decisão. Observou-se um movimento pendular das políticas educacionais, que ora são centralizadoras, ora descentralizadoras, mas que refletem, na realidade, a desobrigação ou desresponsabilização do Estado brasileiro com a Educação.AbstractThe objective of this article is to analyze the unfolding and repercussions of the educational policies decentralizing nature in the Brazilian reality in 1990s, from the influence of the international organisms. The study is of a qualitative nature and used literature review research method (DEMO, 2014; GIL, 1999). The policy cycle proposed by Bowe et al. (1992) was used to understand the context of influence of the production documents and events promoted by international organizations (IMF, UN, IBRD, OAS, IDB). It discusses public policies from the conception of the State and the process of decentralization as the main characteristic of educational policies (ARRETCHE, 2000; SOURA; FARIA, 2004; NOVAES; FIALHO, 2010; CURY, 2010; SHIROMA; MORAES; EVANGELISTA, 2011). It concluded that the Brazilian educational practice was marked by the bias of deconcentration not only in the full sense of the word, since only deconcentration occurred, not reflecting local interests where there is no decision-making power. It was observed a pendular movement of educational policies sometimes centralized, other time decentralized, but reflects the disclaimers of the Brazilian State towards education.Keywords: Politics. Educational politics. Decentralization. ResumenEl objetivo de este artículo es analizar los desdoblamientos y repercusiones de las políticas educativas de cuño descentralizador en la realidad brasileña en la década de 1990 a partir de la influencia de los organismos internacionales. El estudio es de naturaleza cualitativa y utilizó la revisión de literatura con método de investigación (DEMO, 2014; GIL, 1999). El ciclo de política propuesto por Bowe et al. (1992) fue utilizado para comprender el contexto de influencia, la producción de texto y la práctica para ayudar en la reflexión sobre los documentos y eventos promovidos por los organismos internacionales (FMI, ONU, BIRD, OEA, BID). En el caso de las políticas públicas, las políticas públicas a partir de la concepción del Estado y el proceso de descentralización como característica principal de las políticas educativas (ARRETCHE, 2000; SOUZA; FARIA, 2004; NOVAES; FIALHO, 2010; CURY, 2010; SHIROMA; MORAES; EVANGELISTA, 2011). Se concluye que la política educativa brasileña fue marcada por el sesgo de la descentralización no en el sentido pleno de la palabra, una vez que ocurrió sólo la desconcentración, no reflejando los intereses locales donde no hay poder de decisión. Se observó un movimiento pendular de las políticas educativas en que ahora es centralizada, ya descentralizada, pero que en realidad refleja la desobrigación o desresponsabilización por parte del Estado brasileño hacia la educación.Palabras clave: Política. Política educativa. Descentralización. 


1957 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Black ◽  
S. A. Asdell

Longitudinal contractions of the rabbit oviduct do not change in amplitude or rate at different intervals after mating to 4 days, but they become greater in pregnancy and less in pseudopregnancy. Oil and India ink are spread in both directions by segmentation and pendular movement of the smooth muscle but they are arrested at 2–3 cm anterior to the tubo-uterine junction unless more than 0.1 ml is used. Paralysis of the muscle with nicotine prevents movement. When a plastic tube is inserted through the tubo-uterine junction, passage of ova past the critical zone is hastened. Ligature of the infundibular end of the oviduct causes distension, so that oviduct secretions must normally pass through the infundibulum and not into the uterus. This probably aids the transport of spermatazoa while ova are kept from escaping in this direction by the cilia and by the mucosal folds.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Francis Silva de Almeida

O ensino da filosofia se destaca como parte a ser reconhecida nos processos históricos de organização da educação no Brasil pela força dos interesses políticos que se encontram atravessados desde os primeiros traços da pedagogia catequética jesuítica. Por essa razão, propomos, neste texto, revisitar a história da educação brasileira para compreender o movimento pendular de inclusão e exclusão da filosofia como matéria de ensino, analisar as razões ideológicas que justificam este movimento, e, por fim, evidenciar os contornos e as formas teóricas próprias que modificaram suas características enquanto disciplina do currículo escolar. Para tanto, buscamos apoio teórico em Ceppas (2010), Cartolano (1985), Gallo e Kohan (2000) e Saviani (2010). Trata-se de uma discussão que se desdobra nos entremeios das narrativas históricas da educação brasileira, e que nos permite não só identificar os movimentos de inclusão e exclusão da filosofia nos programas educacionais a partir do século XVI, mas, sobretudo, colocar em questão o modo como esses interesses políticos forjaram os diferentes ideais de homem e sociedade dos quais somos herdeiros.Palavras-chave: História; Filosofia; Currículo; Ensino. ABSTRACT: The teaching of philosophy highligts as part to be recognized in the historical processes of educational organization in Brazil by the force of political interests that have been crossed since the first traits of jesuit catechetical pedagogy. For this reason, we propose, in this text, to revisit the history of brazilian education to compreend the pendular movement of inclusion and exclusion of philosophy as a teaching subject, analyzing the ideological reasons that justify this movement, and, at the end, highlights the contourns and theorical ways that modifiered this characteristics while subject in the school curriculum. For this, we seek theoretical support in Ceppas (2010), Cartolano (1985), Gallo and Kohan (2000) and Saviani (2010). It is a discussion that unfolds in the intertwining of historical narratives of Brazilian education, and that allows us not only to identify the movements of inclusion and exclusion of philosophy in educational programs from the sixteenth century, but above all to question how these political interests forged the different ideals of man and society from which we are heirs.Keywords: History; Philosophy; Curriculum; Teaching.


2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (254) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Ivan Aparecido Manoel

Este texto propõe um esboço de interpretação das “causas” do movimento histórico, tendo como suporte um estudo das posições assumidas pelo iluminismo, positivismo, marxismo e, em particular, pelo catolicismo sobre o tema, demonstrando como todas essas tendências filosóficas e políticas vinculavam estreitamente o movimento da história à teoria do conhecimento. Como desdobramento, esboça também uma interpretação sobre a qualidade desse movimento, dando ênfase à tese do movimento pendular que freqüenta a filosofia da história do catolicismo conservador no período indicado.Abstract: Based on a study of the positions adopted by the Enlightenment, by Positivism, by Marxism and, in particular, by Catholicism on this specific issue, this text attempts to give a brief interpretation of the “causes” for the historical movement. It hopes to demonstrate how all of these philosophical and political trends closely linked the movement of history to the theory of knowledge. As a secondary theme, it also outlines an interpretation of the quality of this movement, focusing in particular on the thesis of the pendular movement that is commonly found in the philosophy of history of conservative Catholicism in the period under study.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Del Río-Cidoncha ◽  
José Ignacio Rojas-Sola ◽  
Francisco Javier González-Cabanes

This article presents both the three-dimensional modelling of the isochronous pendulum clock and the simulation of its movement, as designed by the Dutch physicist, mathematician, and astronomer Christiaan Huygens, and published in 1673. This invention was chosen for this research not only due to the major technological advance that it represented as the first reliable meter of time, but also for its historical interest, since this timepiece embodied the theory of pendular movement enunciated by Huygens, which remains in force today. This 3D modelling is based on the information provided in the only plan of assembly found as an illustration in the book Horologium Oscillatorium, whereby each of its pieces has been sized and modelled, its final assembly has been carried out, and its operation has been correctly verified by means of CATIA V5 software. Likewise, the kinematic simulation of the pendulum has been carried out, following the approximation of the string by a simple chain of seven links as a composite pendulum. The results have demonstrated the exactitude of the clock.


1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-202
Author(s):  
H.E.M. Baartman

The sexual abuse of children is the subject of heated social debate. The general outrage with which this theme was placed on the public agenda in the 1970s has, to a considerable extent, made room for doubts about the reliability of children as witnesses and of professionals as their informants. History shows a parallel to this pendular movement in late nineteenth-century France; initial anxiety concerning the magnitude and seriousness of the sexual abuse of children, first expressed by Tardieu in the mid-19th century, turned later into scepticism. This article describes some of the aspects that play a role in the difficulty which society has in taking child sexual abuse seriously: the isolation of sexuality, ambivalences in the societal image of children, the status of parents and that of professionals.


Perception ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Farnè

A disc of unvarying brightness and position is presented against a background whose brightness is continuously changing up and down. This change is perceived as a pendular movement to and from the subject and, in its turn, clearly induces an analogous but contrary movement in the disc.


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