scholarly journals Disenso, resistencia y dialogismo: sobre el ensayo de Juan Benet como puente entre la república y la democracia actual

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Ken Benson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Literary Production ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Cultural Plurality ◽  
Aesthetic Formalism ◽  
Post War

El trabajo plantea la relevancia de la ensayística y la producción literaria de Juan Benet (1927-1993) como disenso y resistencia ante la pobreza intelectual en la España de la postguerra. Si bien hay autores que consideran su formalismo estetizante como elitista y alejada de la realidad social, pretendemos mostrar cómo esta postura constituye una ética de disenso y resistencia con respecto al poder fáctico y una continuidad con la riqueza y pluralidad cultural bajo la República. Se argumenta que el método primordial usado por el autor es el dialogismo, constituyendo el texto una especie de campo de batalla de ideas en oposición y en continua lucha. Finalmente, el pensamiento crítico de Benet sirve igualmente de puente en la construcción democrática del país en los años setenta, pero es vista también como de gran actualidad en la crisis de valores del mundo actual.   The work raises the relevance of the essay and literary production of Juan Benet (1927-1993) as dissent and resistance to intellectual poverty in post-war Spain. Although there are authors who consider their aesthetic formalism as elitist and far from social reality, we intend to show how this position constitutes an ethic of dissensus and resistance with respect to the factual power and a continuity with the richness and cultural plurality under the previous Republic. It is argued that the primary method used by the author is dialogism, the text constituting a kind of battleground of ideas in opposition and in continuous struggle. Finally, Benet’s critical thinking also serves as a bridge in the democratic construction of the country in the 1970s, but it is also seen as very topical in the crisis of values ​​in today’s world.

Development of a Student's Critical Thinking during the Course of General Sociology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Е. Луцькая
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
School Education ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
Mass Society ◽  
Modern School ◽  
Key Competencies ◽  
The University

критическое мышление считается одной ключевых компетенций современного образования, и современные студенты безусловно нуждаются в его развитии, поскольку особенности современного школьного образования и тенденции развития массового общества не дают ему развиться адекватно потребностям быстро изменяющейся социальной реальности. В статье на примере курса общей социологии показан процесс развития критического мышления в университете. Для формирования критического мышления привлекаются работы Ч.Р. Миллса, З. Баумана, Х. Ортеги-и-Гассета и др. critical thinking is considered one of the key competencies of modern education, and modern students certainly need to develop it, since the features of modern school education and the development trends of mass society do not allow it to develop adequately to the needs of rapidly changing social reality. This article uses the example of a General sociology course to show the process of developing critical thinking at the University. The works of Ch.R. Mills, Z. Bauman, J. Ortega y Gasset, and others are used to form critical thinking.

Empiricism and Legal Practice

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-178
Author(s):  
Volkmar Gessner ◽  
Gerd Winter
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Post War ◽  
Legal Sociology

Empirical research had already lost the possibility of a naive claim to objectivity when empirical legal sociology began work in post-war Germany. From the mid-1960s general sociology was involved in the “Positivismusstreit” and was discussing the influence of preconceived interests of perception, commonplace theories and social interaction on empirical observation. Social scientists widely accepted the view that social reality does not exist objectively, but emerges intersubjectively. Science also shapes social reality. For sociology there is nothing which can simply be counted and measured.

scholarly journals Censorship and Publication Control in Early Post-War Taiwan: Procedures and Practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Táňa Dluhošová
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Literary Production ◽  
Republican China ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Local Official ◽  
Post War

This article explores how state institutions and party organs of the Kuomintang used various means of exercising power and projecting authority in order to shape the literary scene and literary production in Taiwan during the early post-war period (1945–1949). Censorship is examined from two complementary perspectives. First, integrating the Taiwanese case into a broader political and social context, the presentation focuses on the legal framework of the publishing law of Republican China and on regulations propagated in local official bulletins. Second, the article analyses censorship as a practice and set of procedures. This second part is based on the archival files of Taiwan Historica, which holds official documents from both early post-war governments. The archival material unveils some of the motivations behind censorship practices, and helps us to understand chosen strategies to legitimise sociocultural norms.

From Literature “about Children” to Literature “for Children”

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-275
Author(s):  
Radoslav Rusňák
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Literary Production ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Children's Magazines ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S

The development of children’s literature in Slovakia was significantly influenced by the historical milestone of the end of the First World War (WWI). The new cultural conditions that occurred in Slovakia after the break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and the foundation of Czechoslovakia created a suitable environment for the development of cultural institutions such as the Slovak Association, libraries, publishing houses and children’s magazines such as Slniečko [Little Sun]. After 1918, the literary production for children and young adults (YAs) began to take two distinct directions – one more traditional (didactic-moralising) and the other more artistic. The then artistic current in Slovak children’s literature promoted literary production for children and integrated it in the domain of art. The literary works of these authors can be further differentiated by identifying optimistic, realist and synthesising concepts of childhood. The post-war years in Slovakia can therefore be described as the beginning of the artistic integration of children’s literature into the system of national literature, which was accomplished in the 1960s.

scholarly journals Klepsydry z lat 1946–1949 — wyjątkowe świadectwo powojennych losów

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Marta Śleziak
Keyword(s):  
Social Reality ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Library Collection ◽  
University Library ◽  
Post War

Obituaries 1945–1949 — valuable post-war period ephemeraThe article makes Polish obituaries from post-war period the centre of attention. Obituaries seem to be particularly important for researchers because of being a part of ephemera — items expected to have only short-term usefulness, that have never been analyzed by linguists. Thanks to Wroclaw University Library collection, it is possible to analyze the unique obituaries published in so-called Regained Territories in very post-war period. Firstly, there is an association with other popular funeral genre published in press discussed. Then, there are three aspects taken under consideration: structure of obituary composition, symbols, typical phrases, language stylistics, syntax, values, reference to political and social reality.

scholarly journals Socratic Dialogue Faces the History

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Laura Candiotto
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Socratic Dialogue ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Philosophical Inquiry ◽  
Philosophical Dialogue ◽  
Post War ◽  
New Generation

Abstract This essay will demonstrate the nexus between philosophical dialogue and political action by analyzing the work of Leonard Nelson and his disciples Gustav Heckman and Minna Specht. The central question is: “In which sense can a dialogical education be considered as a political action?” In the 1920s and 1930s, Nelson promoted Socratic dialogue amongst his students as a practice of freedom in opposition to the rising Nazi power. Nelson understood that to educate the new generation through a very participative model of philosophical inquiry that privileged critical thinking and autonomy was the best form of resistance. Minna Specht’s idea of education for confidence gave to this dialogical practice a very innovative dimension, which led her to be engaged with unesco’s educational programs in post-war Germany. In this way, the Socratic dialogue faced history.

scholarly journals Facing Immersive “Post-Truth” in AIVR?

Philosophies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Nadisha-Marie Aliman ◽  
Leon Kester
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Safety Work ◽  
The Creation

In recent years, prevalent global societal issues related to fake news, fakery, misinformation, and disinformation were brought to the fore, leading to the construction of descriptive labels such as “post-truth” to refer to the supposedly new emerging era. Thereby, the (mis-)use of technologies such as AI and VR has been argued to potentially fuel this new loss of “ground-truth”, for instance, via the ethically relevant deepfakes phenomena and the creation of realistic fake worlds, presumably undermining experiential veracity. Indeed, unethical and malicious actors could harness tools at the intersection of AI and VR (AIVR) to craft what we call immersive falsehood, fake immersive reality landscapes deliberately constructed for malicious ends. This short paper analyzes the ethically relevant nature of the background against which such malicious designs in AIVR could exacerbate the intentional proliferation of deceptions and falsities. We offer a reappraisal expounding that while immersive falsehood could manipulate and severely jeopardize the inherently affective constructions of social reality and considerably complicate falsification processes, humans may neither inhabit a post-truth nor a post-falsification age. Finally, we provide incentives for future AIVR safety work, ideally contributing to a future era of technology-augmented critical thinking.

scholarly journals O jornalismo feminino de Clarice Lispector: em busca do inesperado e da desordem

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-36
Author(s):  
Aparecida Maria Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Clarice Lispector ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Production ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
Condition Of Women

This study revisits research begun in the 1980s to recover Clarice Lispector’s work published in the Brazilian press. Lispector used the pages of various periodicals as an opportunity to publish poems, short stories, and small narratives that, subjected to later revision, would become landmarks in her literary production. Such is the case of the recipe for killing coakroaches that Lispector published as a columnist for “Entre Mulheres” in the weekly Comício in 1952. Published under the title, “Meio cômico, mas eficaz,” this text would later be split into two fictional pieces—the short story “A quinta história” and the novel A paixão segundo G.H. Working under the name Tereza Quadros, Lispector reveals in “Entre Mulheres” a feminist agenda that interrogates the condition of women in the 1950s and makes of the section a platform for the dissemination of ideas brought from post-war Europe.

scholarly journals What Was So New about the New Story? Modernist Realism in the Hindi Nayī Kahānī

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-251
Author(s):  
Preetha Mani
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Production ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Narrative Voice ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The 1950S

AbstractThis essay examines the Hindi Nayī Kahānī, or New Story, Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, which was influential for the short stories, criticism, and literary history that its writers produced. Incorporating a view toward the larger “metaliterary” corpus in relation to which properly “literary” nayī kahānī texts were written, the essay shows how the movement inaugurated a modernist realism characterized by attention to genre, rhetoric, and style on one hand, and commitment to social reality on the other. Combining rhetorical strategies—such as shifting narrative voice, allegorical descriptions of landscape, and implicit reference to authorship and the condition of postcolonial literary production—with structural and thematic tensions between form and content, this mode developed an interchangeability between author, reader, and character, which did not previously exist in Hindi literature and which reconfigured the category of the middle class in the universally recognizable terms of alienation. Using the case of the nayī kahānī, the essay offers a new literary historical approach that moves beyond sweeping accounts of a single postcolonial mode to attend to regional realisms and modernisms.

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