scholarly journals The “Exaggerated” Colors of Black Narcissus (1947 and 2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 10-37
Author(s):  
Sarah Street
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Color Design ◽  
Interior Spaces ◽  
Popular Novel ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Diffusion

This article explores the correspondences and differences in terms of color design between two screen versions of Black Narcissus, a popular novel by Rumer Godden published in 1939. Conceptual approaches drawn upon include ideas of “the figural,” intertextuality and hybridity as central to understanding how Black Narcissus operates on many complex levels, arguing that color is a key expressive mode in their articulation. Powell and Pressburger’s 1947 film and a 2020 television mini-series directed by Charlotte Bruus Christensen are for the first time compared in relation to landscape and the natural environment; interior spaces; costume; race. The texts’ experimentation with color, lighting and diffusion enables boundaries between exterior and interior spaces, as well as between characters’ memories and repressed desires, to be problematized. As “end of empire” texts, the literary and screen iterations of Black Narcissus are related to postcolonial theories in which a series of hybrid, “in-between” spaces and cultural attitudes are explored.

scholarly journals 177 Saponins, Including 11 New Compounds in Wild Ginseng Tentatively Identified via HPLC-IT-TOF-MSn, and Differences among Wild Ginseng, Ginseng under Forest, and Cultivated Ginseng

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3371
Author(s):  
Chao-Qun Wang ◽  
Li-Wei Yi ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Yu-Zhen Zhou ◽  
Fang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Characteristic Peak ◽  
Chromatographic Fingerprints ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
First Time ◽  
Peak Pattern ◽  
Wild Ginseng

Wild ginseng (W-GS), ginseng under forest (F-GS, planted in mountain forest and growing in natural environment), and cultivated ginseng (C-GS) were compared via HPLC-DAD and HPLC-IT-TOF-MSn. A total of 199 saponins, including 16 potential new compounds, were tentatively identified from 100 mg W-GS (177 saponins in W-GS with 11 new compounds), F-GS (56 saponins with 1 new compound), and C-GS (60 saponins with 6 new compounds). There were 21 saponins detected from all the W-GS, F-GS, and C-GS. Fifty saponins were only detected from W-GS, including 23 saponins found in ginseng for the first time. Contents of ginsenosides Re (12.36–13.91 mg/g), Rh1 (7.46–7.65 mg/g), Rd (12.94–12.98 mg/g), and the total contents (50.52–55.51 mg/g) of Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rg2, Rh1, and Rd in W-GS were remarkably higher than those in F-GS (Re 1.22–3.50 mg/g, Rh1 0.15–1.49 mg/g, Rd 0.19–1.49 mg/g, total 5.69–18.74 mg/g), and C-GS (Re 0.30–3.45 mg/g, Rh1 0.05–3.42 mg/g, Rd 0.17–1.68 mg/g, total 2.99–19.55 mg/g). Contents of Re and Rf were significantly higher in F-GS than those in C-GS (p < 0.05). Using the contents of Re, Rf, or Rb1, approximately a half number of cultivated ginseng samples could be identified from ginseng under forest. Contents of Rg1, Re, Rg2, Rh1, as well as the total contents of the seven ginsenosides were highest in ginseng older than 15 years, middle–high in ginseng between 10 to 15 years old, and lowest in ginseng younger than 10 years. Contents of Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rg2, and the total of seven ginsenosides were significantly related to the growing ages of ginseng (p < 0.10). Similarities of chromatographic fingerprints to W-GS were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for F-GS (median: 0.824) than C-GS (median: 0.745). A characteristic peak pattern in fingerprint was also discovered for distinguishing three types of ginseng. Conclusively, wild ginseng was remarkably superior to ginseng under forest and cultivated ginseng, with ginseng under forest slightly closer to wild ginseng than cultivated ginseng. The differences among wild ginseng, ginseng under forest, and cultivated ginseng in saponin compositions and contents of ginsenosides were mainly attributed to their growing ages.

Are the Pre-Diffusion Phases Shortening?

2010 ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
J. R. Ortt
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Over Time

This chapter focuses on the pre-diffusion phases for high-tech products. These phases last from the first time a technology is mastered and demonstrated up to the start of the large-scale production and diffusion of products based on that technology. The purpose of this chapter is to underline the managerial relevance of the pre-diffusion phases. Two questions will be answered in particular: (1) How long do these pre-diffusion phases last for high-tech products? (2) Have these phases shortened or not over the last 150 years? Fifty-three cases of high-tech products, invented between 1837 and 1998, are investigated. The pre-diffusion phases are shown to last 16 years on average, but their length varies considerably per case. No proof for the shortening of these phases over time is found. The resources devoted to research and development in different fields of expertise may have increased but the length of the pre-diffusion phases has not shortened accordingly.

Communism and anti-Communism in early Cold War Italy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Mariuzzo
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
World War ◽  
International Context ◽  
Western Government ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Diffusion

The struggle in projects, ideas and symbols between the strongest Communist Party in the West and an anti-Communist and pro-Western government coalition was the most peculiar founding element of the Italian democratic political system after World War II. Until now, most historians have focused their attention on political parties as the only players in the competition for the making of political orientations and civic identities in Italian public opinion. Others have considered Italian political struggle in the 1940s and 1950s in terms of the polarisation between Communism and organized Catholicism, due to the undoubted importance of the Church in Italian culture and social relations. This book enlarges the view, looking at new aspects and players of the anti-Communist ‘front’. It takes into account the role of cultural associations, newspapers and the popular press in the selection and diffusion of critical judgements and images of Communism, highlighting a dimension that explains the force of anti-communist opinions in Italy after 1989 and the crisis of traditional parties. The author also places the case of Italian Cold War anti-Communism in an international context for the first time.

Minority Migrations and the Diffusion of Technology

1951 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren C. Scoville
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Semiautomatic Machine ◽  
New Production ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Diffusion Of Technology ◽  
Building Activities ◽  
Innovation And Diffusion ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Diffusion

The process of technical change from the economist's viewpoint may be broken down into three phases: invention, innovation, and diffusion. Invention, or the increase in technological possibilities, is the discovery or perception of new configurations of technical processes or principles that alter the array of possible production functions. An innovation consists of using any given production function for the “first” time. Diffusion is basically imitative and involves the gradual replacement of old methods by the new. One example will suffice to illustrate these distinctions. The invention of the automatic bottle machine consisted of the conception, experimentation, and model-building activities of Michael J. Owens; the pioneering efforts of the entrepreneurs at Toledo, Ohio, to demonstrate that the new production function was both practical and economically feasible constituted the innovational phase; and the gradual replacement of hand-blown and semiautomatic machine methods by the new process in both American and foreign markets involved diffusion.

scholarly journals Social PR campaign in promoting sustainable education within urban environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 05033
Author(s):  
Polina Sergienko ◽  
Alla Minyar-Beloroucheva ◽  
Olga Vishnyakova ◽  
Elizaveta Vishnyakova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

The article reveals social PR campaign particularities aimed at raising awareness of the citizens in the urban environment. For the first time PR campaigns dealing with the urban environment decoration devoted to commemorative events, environmental protection measures, and social issues are investigated from the position of education for sustainable development. The urban area implies the encouragement of refashioned, renovated, changed, restructured and reconstructed environments necessary for edutainment of the citizens. It means that the analysis of the urban area focuses on the study of themes dealing with history, art, urgent domestic social issues and the problems of the natural environment. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is a perfect opportunity to give knowledge in the ‘soft’ way to the citizens, in addition to traditional ‘hard’ education within the urban environment. The methods used during the work on the article are comprehensive. They include observation, analysis, synthesis, description and interview. As a result of the study of the stated issues, the following conclusion was made. Urban area is an ideal platform to arouse the interest of its citizens by means of the thematic adornment of the city that expands their knowledge, makes them more persuasive and thus fosters the improvement of their behaviour. Information perceived laterally is better remembered and stored longer in memory. The citizens become more susceptible to any information offered to them by the officials of the city.

scholarly journals Ornithological Mythologeme Falcon in «The Tale of Igor’s Campaign» and Ancient Chinese Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
Yu Wang  ◽  
A. O. Shelemova ◽  
A. G. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Original Text ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

The image of a falcon in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” and ancient Chinese literature is analyzed. The material for the study was the original text of “The Tale”, its translations and comments to them by Chinese literary scholars Wei Huangnu and Li Xiyin, as well as famous ancient Chinese works. One of the main motives of the artistic and pictorial ornithology of “The Tale” is examined in detail — the individual and personal images of the falcons-Russian princes, opposing the spontaneity, chaos of the bird flock as an enemy horde. In ancient Chinese literature, the ornithological figurative complex serves as a symbol, firstly, of elite divisions, strong troops; secondly, a person filled with high motives, both heroic and career ambitious; thirdly, the authority of the monarch or some other important person in power. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that for the first time the mythologeme falcon of “The Tale” is considered in intertextual comparison with the works of ancient Chinese literature. It is concluded that the symbolic connotations of the falcon both in ancient Chinese literature and in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” are closely related to the real qualities of this bird’s behavior in its natural environment: bravery, courage, dexterity. 

From Landscape to Individuality

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aron Y. Gurevich
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
National Character ◽  
Historical Anthropology ◽  
Second Nature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sign Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Several years ago, when I visited the Netherlands for the first time, a famous historian with whom I was walking along a road through the polders observed that the national character of the Dutch had formed through many centuries of efforts to shape nature, and that nature in its turn bears the imprint of their character. I was greatly interested by this remark on the interaction between mentality and landscape and I asked my colleague to write an article on this subject for the periodical Odissei. Chelovek v istorii (‘Odysseus. Man in history’), which focused on issues of historical anthropology and which I am publishing for several years. Although unfortunately I did not receive the article as such, I was all the more interested to read Nico Roymans' work. The perception of space and landscape does in truth change through history and it would be incorrect to interpret the natural environment as a rigid framework in which the history of mankind unfolds. It is said that culture is man's second nature – but would it not be nearer the truth to say that it is his only nature? Man is a symbolical being (animal symbolicum), who finds his way in this world by means of symbols and who perceives reality through these points of reference, which he creates or reproduces. There is no sphere of activity beyond the boundary of this symbolical world. For this reason the perception of human activity cannot go beyond or neglect this all-embracing symbolical universe. Nevertheless far from all historians have mastered the art of reading or deciphering the sign systems of the past or present, since it is by no means easy to learn to read in this manner.

Contribution of Outdoor Play Activities to Infant and Toddler Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 312-325
Author(s):  
Sibel Atli ◽  
Gülen Baran
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Outdoor Play ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Interior Spaces ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Learning Skill ◽  
Toddler Development

The natural environment has generally a structure to support all areas of development of children. It can be said that the interior spaces are deprived of naturalness and have less stimulation compared to outdoor spaces. Playgrounds outdoors have forms, textures, heights, and mobility in a natural or artificial landscape have the energy to encourage children to play and move. The first years of the early childhood period are of a vital importance in terms of all areas of development. Pedagogues or parents should provide the activities and environments that will enable the infants and toddlers to get pleasure out of life and that can create a learning skill and give new skills to the children at same time. Therefore, in this study, outdoor and outdoor play activities that will support the development areas of 0-36-month-old children will be discussed.

scholarly journals Anomalous Anisotropic Diffusion of Electron Swarms in AC Electric Fields

1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD White ◽  
RE Robson ◽  
KF Ness
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Anisotropic Diffusion ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Longitudinal Diffusion ◽  
Temporal Behaviour ◽  
Ac Electric Fields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Diffusion

A time-dependent multi-term solution of the Boltzmann equation is used to calculate the drift and diffusion coefficients of electron swarms in gases under the influence of a time varying electric field. Two model gases are considered and for a.c. electric fields results are presented for a wide range of applied frequencies. Of particular interest is the anomalous temporal behaviour of the longitudinal diffusion coefficient, which is discussed here for the first time.

scholarly journals Horizontal Transfer of Erythromycin Resistance from Clostridium difficile to Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 5142-5145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Spigaglia ◽  
Fabrizio Barbanti ◽  
Paola Mastrantonio
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT This study demonstrates for the first time the in vitro transfer of the erythromycin resistance gene erm(B) between two obligate anaerobes, the human spore-forming pathogen Clostridium difficile and the rumen commensal Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, suggesting that this event might occur also in the natural environment.

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