Identification of Risk Factors for Typhoid Fever in Children Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Enteric fever remains a major public health problem in developing countries like Bangladesh. Improvement in the health facility, vaccination, and health-related awareness program the incidence of enteric fever among children is not decreased. The study aimed to find out the risk factors for enteric fever in hospitalized children in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study to identify the risk factors in children residing in Dhaka city. We enrolled 50 enteric fever cases as a case group and 50 age-matched febrile patients as a control group. Result: Out of 50 cases, 2 patients were below one year and most of them were pre-school aged 26(52%). Univariate analysis showed that enteric fever is more who take food with the help of the mother and caregiver (OR=7.1); 95% CI= 26.7 -61.3) and never or rarely wash hands before preparing food and before feeding (OR= 5.7; 95% CI= 23.2 -52.8). Cases were eating outdoors at the mobile food vendors and consuming ice-cream regularly (OR=2.28; 95% CI=1- 39) whereas the control group also took street food but less frequently. Conclusion: Enteric fever is an exclusive food and water-borne systemic disease and one of the major public health problems in Bangladesh. Not only overcrowding, unsafe drinking water are the common risk factors but also hand washing both children and caregiver, poor food habit is the important risk factors. So, health education to children and food handlers may reduce the incidence of enteric fever in children.

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Identification of Risk Factors for Typhoid Fever in Children Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital

10.31219/osf.io/fn4je ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Soma Halder ◽

Ekhlasur Rahman ◽

Mst Mukta Sarker ◽

Fabia Hannan Mone ◽

Kuntal Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Enteric Fever ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Control Group ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Care Hospital

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Epidemiological Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Enteric Fever in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India – a Seven Year Ambispective Study

Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove Czech Republic) ◽

10.14712/18059694.2018.130 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 125-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anuradha Makkar ◽

Shilpi Gupta ◽

Inam Danish Khan ◽

Rajiv Mohan Gupta ◽

KS Rajmohan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Enteric Fever ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

North India ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Drug Resistant

Introduction: Enteric-fever is a major public-health problem in developing countries emerging as multidrug-resistant, Nalidixic-acid resistant and extremely drug-resistant Salmonella (Pakistan, 2016), has intensified the use of WHO watch/reserve group antimicrobials such as azithromycin and meropenem. Methods: This ambispective-study was conducted on 782 non-repeat blood-culture isolates of S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi A and S. Paratyphi B obtained from 29,184 blood cultures received at a 1000-bedded tertiary-care hospital of North-India from 2011–2017. Identification and antibiograms were obtained by Vitek-2 compact and Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion with resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole being labeled as multidrug-resistant. Decreased ciprofloxacin-susceptibility and ciprofloxacin-resistance were defined as MIC 0.125–0.5 and >1 μg/ml. Results: S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A in a ratio of 3.9:1 were seen between July–September predominantly distributed between 6–45 year age group. Resistance to co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone and azithromycin was 6.1%, 13.8%, 16.1 and 5.78% respectively. Multidrug-resistant S. typhi and S. paratyphi A were 2.73% and 1.91% respectively. Conclusion: Enteric-fever is a major public-health problem in India. Emergence of multidrug-resistant, Nalidixic-acid resistant and extremely-drug resistant Salmonella mandates ongoing surveillance for targeted empirical therapy and containment of spread. Repeated epidemics call for water, sanitation, hygiene and vaccination strategies to sustain herd-immunity.

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Prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients from Central India.

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2017.04.005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (04) ◽

pp. 5350

Author(s):

Sonali Trivedi ◽

Hetal Rudani ◽

Subodh K. Kirolokar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Central India ◽

Whole Body ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Severity Of Disease ◽

Copd Patients

The prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with COPD is high and potentially essential. To study prevalence and various risk factors contributing to osteoporosis in COPD patients. The present study is prospective cross sectional study carried out on 80 stable COPD patients attending tertiary care hospital in central India. After taking written consent & detailed clinical history consisting questionnaire about the risk factors, spirometry was done to stage the severity of COPD. DEXA scan of whole body was performed using fan beam X-ray bone densitometer to determine osteoporosis. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between COPD and osteoporosis. Univariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for developing osteoporosis. In the present study, the overall prevalence of low BMD was found to be 92.5% in COPD patients showing equal prevalence (46.25%) for osteoporosis and osteopenia. The duration & severity of disease along with steroid intake were found to be risk factors of osteoporosis in univariate analysis with risk ratio of 1.32 (95% CI 1.06-1.64), 1.75 (1.11-2.75) and 1.40 (1.00-1.97) respectively (p value <0.05). The prevalence of low BMD was very high in COPD patients at a tertiary care hospital of central India. Duration & severity of disease along with steroid intake were found to be risk factor for osteoporosis in univariate analysis.

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Infection and Foot Care in Diabetics Seeking Treatment in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha State, India

Advances in Public Health ◽

10.1155/2015/765145 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sonali Kar ◽

Shalini Ray ◽

Dayanidhi Meher

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Hypoglycemic Agents ◽

Care Practice ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Foot Care

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem that can cause a number of serious complications. Foot ulceration is one of its most common complications. Poor foot care knowledge and practices are important risk factors for foot problems among diabetics. The present study was undertaken in the diabetes outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital to assess the practices regarding foot care in diabetes, find out the determinants of foot ulcer in diabetics, and offer suggestions to improve care. After informed consent, a total of 124 diabetics were interviewed to collect all relevant information. The diabetic foot care practice responses were converted into scores and for the sake of analysis were inferred as poor (0–5), fair (6-7), and good (>7) practices. Of the study population, 68.5% (85/124) consisted of men. The disease was diagnosed within the last 5 years for 66% (81/124) of the study participants. Of the study subjects, 83% (103/124) were on oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), 15.3% (19) on insulin, and 2 on diet control only. Among them about 18.5% had a history of foot ulcer. 37.9% reported using special slippers, 12% diabetics used slippers indoors, and 66.9% used slippers while using toilet. Of the study subjects, 67.8% said that feet should be inspected daily. 27.4% said they regularly applied oil/moisturizer on their feet. There is a need on part of the primary or secondary physician and an active participation of the patient to receive education about foot care as well as awareness regarding risk factors, recognition, clinical evaluation, and thus prevention of the complications of diabetes.

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Clinico-epidemiological profile of HIV patients attending ART centre in rural Western Maharashtra, India

South East Asia Journal of Public Health ◽

10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15938 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 16-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jayant D Deshpande ◽

Purushottam A Giri ◽

Deepak B Phalke

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Female Patients ◽

Male Patients ◽

Hiv Aids

HIV infection represents a major public health problem for both developing and developed countries as it has grown to pandemic proportions worldwide. Spectrum of clinical presentation of HIV can vary with geographical distribu-tion, socioeconomic and cultural environment. The aim of this study was to examine the socio-demographic charac-teristics, clinical presentations of HIV/AIDS patients, opportunistic infections and the possible risk factors for ac-quiring HIV infection. A cross sectional study was conducted from March to September, 2011 at an antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre of a rural tertiary care hospital, situated in Maharashtra state of India. History and physical examination was done and recorded on a pre-designed schedule which included the socio-demographic and clinical profile of the patients. More than half of the subjects were in economically productive age group and male patients 166 (53.4%) outnumbered the female patients 145 (46.6%). There was a predominance of patients from rural loca-tions nearby the present ART centre. The patients were having low level of literacy and were from the lower middle and lower socio-economic classes. Among the spouses of male patients, 65 (44.8%) were HIV positive and among the spouses of female patients, 52 (35.7%) were HIV positive. Commonest mode of acquiring the infection was through heterosexual contact. Tuberculosis (62%) was the most common opportunistic infection. As per the WHO staging, 132 (42.5%) patients were in stage 3. Combination of behavioral risk factors and unawareness is responsi-ble for rapid spread of HIV/AIDS. People with high-risk behavior and spouses of affected patients need to be edu-cated for primary and secondary prevention. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15938 South East Asia J Public Health | Jul-Dec 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 2 | 16-21

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A study of maternal factors influencing birth weight in newborn in a tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20214150 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1810

Author(s):

Anu M. S. ◽

Aravinth Senguttuvan ◽

Dheepane K. ◽

N. S. Raghupathy

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Maternal Factors ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Mother’S Age

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem which needs to be addressed. The maternal factors play a major role in the child’s weight. The main aim is to identify the risk factors in the mother and appropriately manage so as to reduce the effects on children. Aim was to study the maternal risk factors influencing the weight of the baby in a tertiary care hospital at Pondicherry.Methods: A total of 225 babies were included in the study. Birth weight was recorded within 30 minutes after birth. Mother’s details were collected using a questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21.Results: A total of 225 babies and their mothers were enrolled in the study where 124 were males and 101 were females. 204 were term and 21 were preterm. Mean age of the mothers was 22.52±3.33 years, mean weight noted was 62.94±10.09 kg and mean height was 160.1±7.15 cm. The study showed associations between birth weight and mother’s age, weight, height, hemoglobin (Hb) %, birth interval, income, bad obstetric history and complications.Conclusions: This study concluded that maternal factors are associated with birth weight owing to mother’s age, weight, height, anemia, birth interval, bad obstetric history with complications and family income. This calls for better management of mothers at the initial stages of pregnancy to reduce LBW and morbidity and mortality. Health education and large-scale awareness programs implementation can reduce and prevent this public health problem.

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Ventilator-associated pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital in India: incidence and risk factors

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.396 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 (10) ◽

pp. 771-777 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Noyal Mariya Joseph ◽

Sujatha Sistla ◽

Tarun Kumar Dutta ◽

Ashok Shankar Badhe ◽

Subhash Chandra Parija

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Early Onset ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Late Onset ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Emergency Intubation

Background: Knowledge of the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and its associated risk factors is imperative for the development and use of more effective preventive measures. Methodology: We performed a prospective study over a period of 15 months to determine the incidence and the risk factors for development of VAP in critically ill adult patients admitted in different intensive care units (ICUs) of Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), a tertiary care hospital in Pondicherry, India. Results: The incidence of VAP was 30.67 and 15.87 per 1,000 ventilator days in the two different ICUs. In our study 58.3% of the cases were late-onset VAP, while 41.7% were early-onset VAP. Univariate analysis indicated that the following were significantly associated with VAP: impaired consciousness, tracheostomy, re-intubation, emergency intubation, and nasogastric tube. Emergency intubation and intravenous sedatives were found to be the specific risk factors for early onset VAP, while tracheostomy and re-intubation were the independent predictors of late-onset VAP by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: Knowledge of these risk factors may be useful in implementing simple and effective preventive measures including non-invasive ventilation, precaution during emergency intubation, minimizing the occurrence of reintubation, avoidance of tracheostomy as far as possible, and minimization of sedation.

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Role of mass media in disseminating knowledge about Tuberculosis among the attendants accompanying patients of a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh

Northern International Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/nimcj.v11i2.54062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 463-467

Author(s):

Iffat Nowshin ◽

Fouzia Alima ◽

Md Iqbal Bahar Chowdhury ◽

Mahmuda Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mass Media ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Knowledge Generation ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Tb Treatment ◽

The Mass Media

Background : Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in Bangladesh. The use of mass media is one of the important strategies in communicating behavioural change in relation to TB prevention and the treatment. However, most of the mass media public health interventions do not sufficiently engage the people. Due to this, truly little is known about the effects of locally instigated mass media promotion. Objective : To explore role of mass media on knowledge generation about Tuberculosis transmission in Bangladesh. Methods : This cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 adult persons(attendants of patients) of different socio-economic backgrounds attending the outpatient’s departments(OPD) of a tertiary care hospital. Purposive sampling was the process of selecting the subjects. Data were collected using one pretested semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview. Results : A total180 respondents were interviewed. Mean age of the respondents was 28.75 ± 8.55 years. Majority of the respondents were graduate (29.0%).A total of 20.2% respondents had adequate knowledge about TB transmission without any misconceptions. Similarly, regarding the misconceptions on modes of TB transmission, 40.5% replied that TB transmits through utensils,57.6% respondents replied that TB transmits through sharing clothes/bed sheets/towel. About 28.3% respondents had the perception that the cost of TB treatment is high. Among the respondents30.5% had the false perception that it was necessary to go to big hospitals for TB treatment. Highest 140 (77.8%) respondents said television as the source of information in TB prevention. Friends/ relatives/ teachers, newspaper, radio, billboard etc. were the other sources. Twenty did not hear of TB prevention program. Conclusion : The mass media can be effective in getting messages about TB across to the community in developing countries. In this study we found that television, newspapers, and billboards were particularly useful tools for reaching out to them with specific campaigns regarding TB control. Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.11 (2) Jan 2020: 463-467

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