Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus

Cymbopogon species from the Poaceae family are widely distributed in the Himalayan region of India and commonly used as flavors, fragrances, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. It is known to contain compound citral, which give the lemon scent to many of the plants of the cymbopogon genera. The essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus has high polyphenolic content which is responsible for antioxidant properties. Beside citral is also used for the synthesis of vitamin B and Ionones. The bioactive potential of Lemongrass and constituent are rapidly increasing which is reflected from growing number of reports being published. The present study was to know the chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of essential oil of C. flexuosus from Uttarakhand. The essential oils of Cymbopogon collected in the region of Uttarakhand were obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves and analyzed for chemical composition by GC/MS. The antioxidant activity of essential oils at different concentrations was determined against DPPH radical activity and vitamin C as the standard antioxidant compound. The IC50 value and percentage of DPPH inhibition were recorded. Twenty-five compounds were identified in essential oil extracted from leaves representing 93.15% of the oil composition. The yield of essential oil of Cymbopogon was 0.6 + 0.1 %and the major compound in the essential oil was citral (a racemic mixture of two isoforms geranial and nearl) followed by heptenone(1.98%) , linalool(1.65%), geraniol (1.47%), ?-caryophyllene (1.14% ) , limonene (0.92%), nearl acetate (0.82%), citronellal(0.44 %) and citronellol (0.22%). Radical scavenging capacity (Inhibition, %) of the C. flexuosus essential oil was high (78.19+1.11) at the concentration level of 150 ?g/ml and IC50 value of the essential oil was 43.67?g/ml. The data of this study encourages to consider the essential oil of C. flexuosus as a source of bioactive compounds which may add great industrial value to this crop.

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Essential Oil Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Marrubium vulgare L. Growing Wild in Eastern Algeria

International Letters of Chemistry Physics and Astronomy ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.14.17 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 17-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Abderazak Abadi ◽

Aicha Hassani

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Marrubium Vulgare ◽

Eastern Algeria

In previous work [1], the essential oil of the aerial parts of Marrubium vulgare L. obtained by hydrodistillation was analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to determine their chemical composition. Fifty (50) components in the oil of M. vulgare were identified. The results demonstrated that the major components of the essential oil were: 4,8,12,16-Tetramethyl heptadecan-4-olid (16.97 %), Germacrene D-4-ol (9.61 %), α- pinéne (9.37 %), Phytol (4.87 %), Dehydro-sabina ketone (4.12 %), Piperitone (3.27 %), δ-Cadinene (3.13 %), 1-Octen-3-ol (2.35 %) and Benzaldehyde (2.31 %). In this study, the antioxidant properties of essential oil were examined. The results showed that this oil can be considered an effective source of antioxidants of natural origin. This is the first report on chemical composition of M. vulgare essential oil cultivated in Algeria and the original study on the antioxidant activity of M. vulgare essential oil. The antioxidant activity was investigated with one method: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method.

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Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Silico Antioxidant Potential of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis Essential Oil

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10071081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1081

Author(s):

Matilda Rădulescu ◽

Călin Jianu ◽

Alexandra Teodora Lukinich-Gruia ◽

Marius Mioc ◽

Alexandra Mioc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

In Silico ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Melissa Officinalis ◽

Β Carotene

The investigation aimed to study the in vitro and in silico antioxidant properties of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis essential oil (MOEO). The chemical composition of MOEO was determined using GC–MS analysis. Among 36 compounds identified in MOEO, the main were beta-cubebene (27.66%), beta-caryophyllene (27.41%), alpha-cadinene (4.72%), caryophyllene oxide (4.09%), and alpha-cadinol (4.07%), respectively. In vitro antioxidant properties of MOEO have been studied in 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging, and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching assays. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the radical scavenging abilities of ABTS and DPPH were 1.225 ± 0.011 μg/mL and 14.015 ± 0.027 μg/mL, respectively, demonstrating good antioxidant activity. Moreover, MOEO exhibited a strong inhibitory effect (94.031 ± 0.082%) in the β-carotene bleaching assay by neutralizing hydroperoxides, responsible for the oxidation of highly unsaturated β-carotene. Furthermore, molecular docking showed that the MOEO components could exert an in vitro antioxidant activity through xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition. The most active structures are minor MOEO components (approximately 6%), among which the highest affinity for the target protein belongs to carvacrol.

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Aktivitas Antioksidan Minyak Atsiri dan Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Sintok (Cinnamomum sintoc Bl.) terhadap 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH)

Indonesian Journal of Applied Sciences ◽

10.24198/ijas.v1i1.1803 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sri Adi Sumiwi ◽

Anas Subarnas ◽

Supriyatna Supriyatna ◽

Marline Abdassah Bratadiredja

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Scavenging Effect ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Radical Scavenging Effect

Sintoc (Cinnamomum sintoc Bl.) is a plant which is used as medicine. This plant has been known to have an analgesic antiinflamatory activity, therefore it is predicted to have an antioxidant activity. An investigation on antioxidant activity of sintoc essential oils and ethanolic extract of its cortex using ascorbic acid as standard has been carried out. Essential oils and ethanol extract of sintoc cortex was tested using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pikril-hidrazil) by measuring absorbance using visible spectrophotometer at 518 nm. The methods of this research were distillation of essential oils and extraction of sintoc cortex, determination of the essential oil and extract concentrations required for 50% inhibition of DPPH radical scavenging effect (IC50) with ascorbic acid as the possitive control. The variation concentration of essential oils are 15, 5, 1, 0.1, 0.5 ppm and 25, 20, 17, 15, 10 ppm for ethanolic extracts. The results showed that the essential oil showed antioxidant activity with IC50 value was 16.29 ppm (5 times lower than ascorbic acid) and then ethanolic extract showed IC50 value 38.89 ppm (11 times lower than ascorbic acid, IC50 of ascorbic acid was 3.35 ppm).

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Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Essential Oils from Peppermint, Native Spearmint and Scotch Spearmint

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24152825 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (15) ◽

pp. 2825 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Zhaohai Wu ◽

Bie Tan ◽

Yanhong Liu ◽

James Dunn ◽

Patricia Martorell Guerola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

C Elegans ◽

Reducing Power Assay

Natural antioxidants have drawn growing interest for use in animal feed and the food industry. In the current study, essential oils (EOs) obtained from hydrodistillation of three mentha species, including Mentha piperita (peppermint), Mentha spicata (native spearmint) and Mentha gracilis (Scotch spearmint), harvested in the Midwest region in the United States, were analyzed for their chemical composition using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and their antioxidant properties were assessed through chemical assays, in vitro cell culture modeling and in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The activity of ferric iron reduction and free-radical scavenging capacity were assessed through chemical-based assays, including the reducing power assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay (TEAC). Subsequently, the capacity of EOs to mitigate lipid peroxidation was analyzed at various doses using fresh liver homogenates from pigs. A porcine jejunum epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) was employed as in vitro model to study the cellular antioxidant activity of the mint EOs. Finally, the effectiveness of mint EOs to alleviate acute systemic oxidative damage were evaluated in vivo using C. elegans. Data were analyzed by the MIXED procedure of SAS. Contrast statement was performed to assess linear or quadratic effects of mint EOs given at various doses. All three EOs are mostly composed of monoterpenes and their derivatives (76–90%), but differed in the major compounds, which are menthol and menthone (50%) in peppermint EO and carvone (70%) in spearmint EOs. Three mint EOs demonstrated prominent radical scavenging and Fe3+ reducing activity in chemical-based assays. In comparison with native and Scotch spearmint EOs, peppermint EO had the lowest (p < 0.05) half maximal effective concentration (EC50) in DPPH and TEAC assays and higher efficacy in the reducing power assay. All three EOs exhibited equivalent activity in mitigation of chemical-induced lipid peroxidation in liver tissues in a dose-dependent manner (linear, p < 0.001). The maximal cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) was observed at 5 µg/mL for peppermint, and 100 µg/mL for native and Scotch spearmint EOs. The addition of 25 µg/mL of both spearmint EOs increased (p < 0.05) cellular concentrations of glutathione in H2O2-treated IPEC-J2 cells, suggesting enhanced endogenous antioxidant defense. Supplementation of 100 µg/mL of peppermint or Scotch spearmint EO significantly increased (p < 0.05) the survival rate of C. elegans in response to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The protective effect is comparable to that of supplementation of 10 µg/mL of ascorbic acid. However native spearmint EO failed to reduce the death rate within the same supplementation dose (10–200 μg/mL).

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Chemo-typing of Three Egyptian Rosemary Oil for Their Chemical Composition and Anti-oxidant Activity

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i330409 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 9-14

Author(s):

Menna I. Elshorbagy ◽

Marwa Elsbaey ◽

Hany N. Baraka ◽

Mohamed Farid Lahloub

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Fused Silica ◽

Dpph Assay

Aims: To study the chemical composition of volatile oil samples from different place in Egypt (Mansoura, Gamsa and Assuit) and study their antioxidant activity determined by DPPH assay. Study Design: Hydro distillation of volatile oil samples and their GC/MS analysis and determination of their antioxidant activity by DPPH assay. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy, Mansoura university, Egypt, between June 2015 and November 2017. Methodology: The essential oil was isolated by hydro-distillation for 5 h using a Clevenger-type all-glass apparatus according to the standard procedure of the European pharmacopeia and volatile oils analysis was performed by GC and GC-MS. GC analysis was carried out using Focus-DSQ-ӀI GC/MS instrument (Thermo Scientific, MA, USA) equipped with TR-5 fused silica column (30 m × 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 µm). Results: The yield of the essential oils of three rosemary plants growing in Mansoura (RM), Gamsa (RG) and Assiut (RA) were 0.20% v/w, 0.32% v/w and 0.24% v/w, respectively. Their chemical composition was analyzed by GC/MS, RM and RG were found to be α-pinene dominated chemotypes, 32.4% and 29.6%, respectively, meanwhile RA was camphor dominated chemotype (17.2%). Furthermore, their antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH assay. Their IC50 values of essential oils of RM, RG and RA were 8.66 ± 0.7, 8.18 ± 0.5 and 9.74 ± 0.2, respectively. Conclusion: The GC/MS spectral data revealed the considerable difference between the chemical composition of essential oil constituents of RM, RG and RA which lead to different chemotypes. The present results also demonstrate that REO obtained from different areas in Egypt exhibited free radical scavenging activity determined by DPPH assay due to the synergistic effect between their constituents.

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Essential Oil Composition, Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase and Anti-tyrosinase Activities of Two Turkish Plant Species: Ferula elaeochytris and Sideritis stricta

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801300130 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ebru Deveci ◽

Gülsen Tel-Çayan ◽

Mehmet Emin Duru

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Cation Radical ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Metal Chelating ◽

Β Carotene

The aim of the present study is to characterize chemical compositions and antioxidant, anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities of Ferula elaeochytris and Sideritis stricta essential oils. The hydrodistilled essential oils were analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. A total of thirty-three and twenty-seven compounds representing 99.6 % and 99.4 % were identified in F. elaeochytris and S. stricta, respectively. The main compounds of essential oil of F. elaeochytris were β-cubebene (21.3 %), caryophyllene oxide (17.5 %) and β-caryophyllene (14.9 %), while the major compounds of S. stricta essential oil were δ-cadinene (18.3 %), cubenol (17.6 %) and β-caryophyllene (14.4 %). The antioxidant activity was tested by β-carotene-linoleic acid, DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS cation radical scavenging, CUPRAC and metal chelating assays. The essential oil of F. elaeochytris showed the highest antioxidant activity in all assays. Also, the anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities of essential oils were performed against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase enzymes. F. elaeochytris essential oil indicated the highest anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities as well. This is the first report describing antioxidant, anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities of essential oils of F. elaeochytris and S. stricta.

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Chemical composition, biological activities, and toxicity study of Carduncellus pinnatus essential oil from west Algeria

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407217666210802113423 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Semaoui ◽

Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽

Nassim Djabou ◽

Jean Costa ◽

Alain Muselli

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Biological Potential ◽

New Findings

Background: Many species have already been examined regarding their biological activities but there are nevertheless many more which merits examination, among them Carduncellus pinnatus (Desf), that is one of the less abundant and the less frequent aromatic plants of Asteraceae species, it is one species widely distributed in the Mediterranean region. In the present investigation, chemical composition of essential oils of Carduncellus pinnatus and their antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal activities were investigated for the first time. Methods: The chemical composition of the essential oils of Carduncellus pinnatus was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) during its vegetative cycle. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by DPPH-radical scavenging and FRAP methods. The essential oil was tested on two-gram positive bacteria, three-gram negative bacteria, two filamentous fungi and one yeast. The toxicity of this essential oil was evaluated from several experiments on five mice tested in the laboratory. Results: The chemical composition of essential oils studied by GC and GC-MS showed a total of Twenty-seven compounds constituted mainly by Aplotaxene. Harvest time affected quantitatively but not qualitatively the chemical composition of essential oils. The results showed that Carduncellus pinnatus presented interesting antioxidant property. In order to assess the biological activities of Carduncellus pinnatus, all essential oil samples were combined together to produce a collective essential oil (Coll EO). The Coll EO showed activity on all tested bacterial strains based on the inhibition diameters obtained. The most interesting antimicrobial activity has been observed against Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with IC50s 0.4, 1.2 and 1.2 g/L, but which remains weak compared to the Gentamicin control, respectively). Regarding antifungal activity, largest inhibition was observed against Fusarium solani (IC50= 0.8 g/L). On the other hand, the toxicity test of Coll EO showed no mortality rate to the concentration of 1g/kg injected to the mice. Conclusion: The results presented here constitutes new findings in the field of the chemical characterization and biological potential of Carduncellus pinnatus.

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Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils of Four Species of the Lamiaceae Family

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2020/v31i1030289 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 129-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dalva Paulus ◽

Luana Aline Luchesi ◽

Cleverson Busso ◽

Marcela Tostes Frata ◽

Paula Juliane Barbosa de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Thymus Vulgaris

Aims: The biological properties of essential oils represent possible therapeutic alternatives, with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, and application in many areas of the industry. The objective was to determine the yield, chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia, Pogostemon cablin, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Thymus vulgaris against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the microbiology laboratory of the Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Brazil, in the period between June 2016 to May 2017. Methodology: The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The antibacterial activity was determined by microdilution in broth, showing minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH). Results: The average yields of essential oils from L. angustifolia, P. cablin, R. officinalis,and T. vulgaris were (%) 0.85; 2.0; 1.20, and 1.19, respectively. The major components of lavender essential oil were linalyl acetate (40.1%) and linalool (35.2%); for P. cablin - patchoulol (31.5%), seichelene (13.6%) and α-bulnesene (15.6%); for rosemary - camphor (32.5%), 1.8-cineole (13.6%) and α-pinene (9.8); for T. vulgaris - thymol (47%), o-scimene (21.6%), and carvacrol (11.4%). Thyme oil showed the best results for antibacterial activity, and low values (0.195 µL mL-1) of minimum inhibitory concentration were needed to inhibit S. aureus and S. enteritidis, and for L. angustifolia, P. cablin, and R. officinalis higher concentrations of essential oil were required. The essential oils of P. cablin and T. vulgaris had the strongest antioxidant properties (12.08 and 10.2 µmol trolox mL−1). Conclusion: The essential oils evaluated have an inhibitory effect on the microorganisms under study and also interesting antioxidant activity, which could be used by medicine to control bacterial infections, with potential application as natural food preservatives and as nutraceuticals.

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Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of endemic Thymus leucostomus Hausskn. et Velen

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v49i4.52505 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 957-965

Author(s):

Omer Elkiran ◽

Cumhur Avsar

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

The chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils from the leaves of endemic Thymus leucostomus naturally grown in Turkey were investigated and chemical differences were discussed by means of chemotaxonomy. Twenty-six components were identified representing 98.8% of the oils. The main compounds in the essential oil of T. leucostomus were: o-cymene (30.6%), carvacrol (9.6%), thymol methyl ether (7.2%), limonene (6.8%). Essential oil was screened for their antimicrobial activities against 7 bacteria and 2 yeast species by using disc-diffusion and MIC procedure. The essential oil showed higher effectiveness against all the tested bacteria and yeast. The extract was observed to be much more effective in Gram-positive bacteria (especially, S. aureus ATCC 6538). In vitro antioxidant activity based on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical was evaluated for the essential oil, and it was found that the essential oil had good antioxidant activity in the range of the IC50= 5.42 ±0.8 μg/ml.

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Rosemary Extract and Essential Oil as Drink Ingredients: An Evaluation of Their Chemical Composition, Genotoxicity, Antimicrobial, Antiviral, and Antioxidant Properties

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10123143 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 3143

Author(s):

Spyridoula D. Christopoulou ◽

Chrysa Androutsopoulou ◽

Panagiotis Hahalis ◽

Chrysoula Kotsalou ◽

Apostolos Vantarakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Rosemary Extract ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Rosemary Essential Oil

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) is in high demand in the food and drink industries due to its distinct organoleptic properties. With the aim of evaluating the rosemary leaves as drink ingredients, both the essential oil and alcoholic (38%, v/v) extract were studied in terms of chemical composition, genotoxicity, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. GC–MS analysis showed that the main volatile compounds in the essential oil were eucalyptol (40.1%), camphor (12.4%), and α-pinene (12.9%). LC–MS analysis revealed gallocatechin and rosmarinic acid as the main extract ingredients. Both the essential oil and the extract were not genotoxic (Ames test) against TA98 and TA100 at the dilutions of 5% and 90%, respectively; those dilutions were selected as the maximum possible ones in the drink industry. Their activity was investigated against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, and Adenovirus 35. Both were effective against Adenovirus and A. niger, even the essential oil at 5% (v/v). The extract at dilutions of 25–90% had more pronounced activity against tested bacteria than the essential oil at the dilutions of 5–100%; the essential oil at the dilution of 5% inhibited S. aureus growth. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, the 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid decolorization assay, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Both exhibited good antioxidant activity, but rosemary essential oil was far more effective than the extract. Our results demonstrate that rosemary essential oil and extract are safe and have beneficial biological properties. Therefore, they could serve as health-promoting ingredients in the drink industry.

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