scholarly journals Evaluation of different traps for the invasive leaf miner, Liriomyza huidobrensis in potato (Solanum tuberosum) fields of the Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1563-1570
Author(s):  
S. S. Monica ◽  
B. Vinothkumar ◽  
S.V. Krishnamoorthy ◽  
L. Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Leaf Miners ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liriomyza Huidobrensis ◽  
The Nilgiris ◽  
Trap Catches

Potatoes are currently threatened by the pea leaf miner (Liriomyza huidobrensis Blanchard), an exotic, exceedingly polyphagous, and chemically resistant pest that attacks a wide range of crops, ornamental plants, and weeds. The present work was conducted to study the attractiveness of various traps to Liriomyza leaf miner, one of the invasive pests recently observed in potato fields of Kotagiri and Ooty in Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu. A trial was conducted at these two different locations, the Nilgiris district, in 2021. The results revealed that among different traps tested for their efficacy in attracting the leaf miner, L. huidobrensis, yellow sticky trap was found to be more efficient in attracting adult leaf miner flies with the mean trap catches of 40.49 and 36.64 adult flies/ 10 cm2 areas at Kotagiri and Ooty respectively. The peak population of leaf miners was recorded in the last week of April (45.67 adult flies/ 10 cm2 areas) at Ooty and during the 3rd week of June (52.33 adult flies/ 10 cm2 areas) at Kotagiri. The correlation study revealed a significant positive correlation of the trap catches with maximum temperature, diurnal variation (DV) and growing day degrees (GDD). Multiple regression equation was also developed, where the abiotic factors contributed 46.1% and 65.5% to the Liriomyza leaf miner population fluctuation in the potato ecosystem. The trappers may be used to determine the initial presence of a leaf miners’ population and in projecting their future population through pest management models and management decisions.

scholarly journals Population dynamics of exotic rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on coconut as influenced by weather factors and natural enemies

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
K. Elango ◽  
S. Jeyarajan Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weekly Interval ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Extent Of Damage

The rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin is a new exotic pest occurring in several crops including coconut since 2016 in India. Due to variation in the agro-climatic conditions of different regions, arthropods show varying trends in their incidence also in nature and extent of damage to the crop. Besides, abiotic factors also play a key role in determining the incidence and dominance of a particular pest and their natural enemies in a crop ecosystem. The population dynamics of new exotic whitefly species, A. rugioperculatus and their associated natural enemies was assessed on five-year-old Chowghat Orange Dwarf coconut trees at Coconut Farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. The study indicated that RSW was found throughout the year on coconut and the observation recorded on weekly interval basis shows that A. rugioperculatus population escalated from the first week of July 2018 (130.8 nymphs/leaf/frond) reaching the maximum during the first week of October (161.0 nymphs/leaf/frond) which subsequently dwindled to a minimum during April. The parasitisation by E. guadeloupae on RSW ranged from 31.60 percent in Aug. 2018 to 57.60 percent in December 2018. The association of biotic and abiotic factors with A. rugioperculatus population showed a negative correlation with E. guadeloupae and C. montrouzieri. There was a significant positive correlation between maximum temperature and minimum temperature as well as relative humidity. However, rainfall showed a negative correlation with A. rugioperculatus population.

Populations of the leaf-miner Leucoptera meyricki Ghesq. and its parasites in sprayed and unsprayed coffee in Kenya

1964 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A. Bess
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Leaf Miners ◽  
Extensive Area ◽  
Adult Leaf ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Host Relationships ◽  
Spray Applications

Populations of the leaf-miner Leucoptera meyricki Ghesq. and its parasites, of which Zagrammosoma variegatum (Masi), Achrysocharella ritchiei Ferriére and Parahormius leucopterae Nixon were the most abundant, were studied for 40 consecutive weeks during 1960–61 in Kenya, in four experimental blocks of coffee (Coffea arabica), two of which received several applications of parathion sprays and the other two none. Each week eight different trees within each block were covered with a tent, pyrethrum spray was atomised within, and the adult moths and parasites were recovered from the polyethylene sheeting used as a floor to the tent. Fortnightly, counts of leaves, mined and unmined, and collections of leaves with leaf-miner larvae and parasites within them were made. These intensive studies were supplemented with two special spray tests, in which different dosages of insecticides were used, and with collections of leaves made periodically over a rather extensive area in Kenya, from which adult leaf-miners and parasites were reared to gain information on the parasite/host relationships over a wide range of ecological conditions.Parathion used at 1 lb. 20 per cent, wettable powder in either 65 or 80 gal. water per acre appeared to kill all adult leaf-miners and parasites present. Possibly between 50 and 75 per cent, of the leaf-miner larvae, and appreciably fewer of the immature stages of the parasites within the mines, were killed. The sprays apparently had even less effect on the leaf-miner prepupae and pupae and the parasites within the cocoons, which are usually formed in the litter and in crevices in the soil.Leaf-miner populations within the sprayed blocks were somewhat lower than those in the unsprayed blocks, but the fluctuations were remarkably similar. In general, this was also true for the parasites.Assessment of the effects of the sprays on the efficiency of the parasites was made on the basis of the ratios of adult parasites to moths obtained from tented trees and from infested leaf samples held for adult emergence, as well as in terms of percentages of larvae parasitised in the samples dissected. It was found that the sprays killed a greater proportion of the leaf-miner larvae than of parasites within the mines, and thus increased the ratios of living parasites to leaf-miners immediately following the spray applications. During the period from October to January, when the sprays in the Eukera plots were synchronised with the peak populations of the moth, parasitisation was significantly higher in the sprayed plots than in the unsprayed plots. Furthermore, in the special spray tests, where different dosages of parathion and diazinon were used, parasitisation within the surviving populations was higher in the plots that received the higher dosages. These findings suggest that with proper timing of spray applications the efficiency of leaf-miner parasites may be improved.

Surveillance of pea leaf miner (P. horticola) infesting pea (Pisum sativum) in relation with abiotic factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Keval ◽  
H.S. Vanajakshi ◽  
Sunil Verma ◽  
Babli Bagri
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Sunshine Hours

To study the seasonal incidence of insect pests of pea (P. sativum) the investigation was carried out during Rabi session of 2016-17 and 2017-18, at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The incidence of pests infesting pea was recorded from 50th SMW to 11th SMW. During the observation it was found that P. horticola showed its appearance in the field from 1st to 11th SMW with peak population (71% leaf infestation) in 7th SMW. When population was correlated with abiotic factors it was found that there was positive association with maximum temperature (r = 0.759**), minimum temperature (r = 0.672**), wind speed (r = 0.449).and sunshine hours (r =0.583*) whereas a negative relationship was maintained with morning relative humidity (r =-0.496) and evening relative humidity (r=-0.515), during 2016- 17. Similarly, during 2017-18 there was a positive association with maximum temperature (r = 0.360), minimum temperature (r =0.431), wind speed (r = 0.544*) and sunshine hours(r=0.493) whereas a negative relationship was maintained with morning relative humidity (r =-0.277) and evening relative humidity (r=-0.365).

AVIAN DIVERSITY AND ITS ABUNDANCE IN THE KETHI VALLEY AREAS,THE NILGIRIS, WESTERN GHATS, TAMIL NADU.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 781-788
Author(s):  
G Kalaiyarasi ◽  
◽  
D Jayabalan ◽  
C Rameshkumar ◽  
C Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Avian Diversity ◽  
The Nilgiris

Influence of abiotic factors and hosts on seasonal dynamic of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARVIND KUMAR ◽  
POOJA KHULBE
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
First Year ◽  
Green Lacewing ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Helianthus Annus ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
Second Year

Influence of abiotic factors and hosts on population dynamics of green lacewing, Chrysoper lacarnea (Stephens) was studied in sunflower, Helianthus annus (Linn.).The maximum number of C. carnea population was found during mid March –mid April in the first year and mid April – mid May in the second year in sunflower crop. The maximum number of host population viz. egg and larva of Helicoverpa armigera and Myzuspe rsicae population were found during mid March –mid April in both the year and correlation studies revealed the positive and significant correlation between larval population of H. armigera, M. persicae and predator C. carnea. While there was no significant relationship found between eggs of H. armigera and C. carnea. The C. carnea population on H. annus during both the year was positively correlated with maximum temperature and found significant,while negatively correlated with relative humidity.However, no significant correlation of C. carnea was found with minimum temperature in both the year.

scholarly journals A Threat of Farmers’ Suicide and the Opportunity in Organic Farming for Sustainable Agricultural Development in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Mariappan ◽  
Deyi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Input Cost

Agriculture is the main sources of income for humans. Likewise, agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. In India, Tamil Nadu regional state has a wide range of possibilities to produce all varieties of organic products due to its diverse agro-climatic condition. This research aimed to identify the economics and efficiency of organic farming, and the possibilities to reduce farmers’ suicides in the Tamil Nadu region through the organic agriculture concept. The emphasis was on farmers, producers, researchers, and marketers entering the sustainable economy through organic farming by reducing input cost and high profit in cultivation. A survey was conducted to gather data. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to test the hypothesis regards the cost and profit of rice production. The results showed that there was a significant difference in profitability between organic and conventional farming methods. It is very transparent that organic farming is the leading concept of sustainable agricultural development with better organic manures that can improve soil fertility, better yield, less input cost and better return than conventional farming. The study suggests that by reducing the cost of cultivation and get a marginal return through organic farming method to poor and small scale farmers will reduce socio-economic problems such as farmers’ suicides in the future of Indian agriculture.

Parasaissetia nigra. [Distribution map].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae Attacks a wide range of crops, fruit trees and ornamental plants. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Portugal, Azores, Madeira, Spain, Canary Islands, ASIA, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, China, Yunnan, Hong Kong, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Israel, Japan, Ryukyu Archipelago, Lao, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Yemen, AFRICA, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Reunion, Sao Tome & Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, St Helena, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Alabama, California, Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia, Cocos Islands, Cook Islands, Fed. Stales of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Samoan Islands, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands.

Effect of Environmental Factors on Germination and Emergence of Shortawn Foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis)

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Zhao ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Wenlei Guo ◽  
Lele Zhang ◽  
Lu’an Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Wide Range

Shortawn foxtail is an invasive grass weed infesting winter wheat and canola production in China. A better understanding of the germination ecology of shortawn foxtail would help to develop better control strategies for this weed. Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to evaluate the effects of various abiotic factors, including temperature, light, pH, osmotic stress, salt concentration, and planting depth, on seed germination and seedling emergence of shortawn foxtail. The results showed that the seed germination rate was greater than 90% over a wide range of constant (5 to 25C) and alternating (15/5 to 35/25C) temperatures. Maximum germination occurred at 20C or 25/15C, and no germination occurred at 35C. Light did not appear to have any effect on seed germination. Shortawn foxtail germination was 27% to 99% over a pH range of 4 to 10, and higher germination was obtained at alkaline pH values ranging from 7 to 10. Seed germination was sensitive to osmotic potential and completely inhibited at an osmotic potential of −0.6 MPa, but it was tolerant to salinity: germination even occurred at 200 mM NaCl (5%). Seedling emergence was highest (98%) when seeds were placed on the soil surface but declined with the increasing burial depth. No seedlings emerged when seeds were buried 6-cm deep. Deep tillage could be an effective measure to limit seed germination from increased burial depth. The results of this study will lead to a better understanding of the requirements for shortawn foxtail germination and emergence and will provide information that could contribute to its control.

scholarly journals Impact of Collective-Efficacy and Self-Efficacy on the Innovative Work Behaviour of Teachers in the Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Parthasarathy ◽  
T Premalatha
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Innovative Behaviour ◽  
Innovative Work ◽  
Innovative Work Behaviour ◽  
The Nilgiris ◽  
Type Of School

The study presented here is to understand the level of collective-efficacy and self-efficacy of teachers in the Nilgiris District Tamil Nadu. The study also helps us to understand the influence of collective-efficacy and self-efficacy on the innovative behaviour of Teachers. Stratified Random Sampling Method is used in this study to select 90 school teachers. The data is analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficients. In this study, the correlation between collective-efficacy and innovative work behaviour, self-efficacy and innovative work behaviour and collective-efficacy and self-efficacy were studied. The levels of collective- efficacy and self-efficacy and their influence on the innovative work behaviour were studied in teachers based on their designation, gender, experience and the type of school in which they work.

scholarly journals Impact of abiotic factors on build-up of citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama population in Punjab, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hijam S. Devi ◽  
D. R. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Citrus Psylla

Seasonal abundance of citrus psylla (Diaphorina citri) Kuwayama was studied on Kinnow mandarin under Punjab conditions during 2012 and 2013. Population of D. citri was present throughout the year but only adults found surviving during December and February. There was no nymphal population when maximum temperature was > 39°C or < 7°C. Two population peaks of nymphs wer e observed, first in April-May and second in August- September. Thereafter, there was abrupt decline in nymphal population during June and July during both the years when the weather conditions i.e. maximum, minimum temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), rainfall (m m) and sunshine (hrs) ranged from 24.4-44, 22.4-31.8, 25.5-100, 0-108.0 and 0-13.5, respectively. Highest peaks of adult were found during May followed by June. With the decrease in temperature from the end of September, the population of D. citri started to decrease and reached its lowest during winter season. Correlation analysis for both the years indicated that maximum and minimum temperature, sunshine and rainfall were positively correlated with nymphal, adult and mixed population but the effect of rainfall on adult population was non-significant, while relative humidity was negatively correlated. The study is useful to find out the weak links of psyllid populations in relation to abiotic factors and that could be exploited to curb its infestation and disease transmission.

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