scholarly journals Ultrasonic method of Biodiesel production from Palm kernel

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. K. Onanuga ◽  
J. O. Coker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Alternative Diesel Fuel

Biodiesel is a clean burning alternative fuel derived from chemical reactors produced from palm kernel oil, is currently spreading like a wind dust in the air. It is considered as the fuel for the future without rise in global warming. It has advantages over the fossil fuel diesel as sustainability (renewable resources), ease of production, and availability of raw materials. The study examines the biodiesel produced through transesterification of palm kernel oil (1% fatty acid) with methanol using granulated sodium hydroxide as catalyst through ultrasonic method. The palm kernel oil biodiesel produced was characterized as alternative diesel fuel through standard tests (ASTM) for basic fuel properties such as viscosity, cloud point, pour point, flash point and specific gravity as well as economical feasibility for Nigeria. The result showed that 875g of palm kernel oil (1% fatty acid) with 175g of methanol using 13g of sodium hydroxide (granulated) subjected to ultrasonic method for 1 hour through transesterification process produced 96.23% of biodiesel and 16.89% of glycerol plus high excess methanol wasallowed to settle for 6 hours. Two layers were observed containing unwashed biodiesel at the top and darker layers of glycerin. After washing the biodiesel with warm water, the cleaned, biodiesel was dried by heat to remove the moisture from and allowed to settle down. A bright colour biodiesel was obtained which was within the international standard for biodiesel fuel.

scholarly journals Trans-Esterification Optimization Process for Biodiesel Production from Palm Kernel Oil using Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
T.O. Rabiu ◽  
N.A. Folami ◽  
N.A. Badiru ◽  
N.A. Kinghsley ◽  
B.T. Dare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil

The ever-growing concern for the safety of lives and the environment as well as the depletion in fossil fuels reserves across the globe has led to the keen interests of many researchers in the field of renewable energy. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate the trans-esterification optimization process for biodiesel production from palm kernel using response surface methodology. The materials for the trans-esterification processes were palm kernel oil, Methanol and sodium hydroxide. The effects of reaction temperature (oC), catalyst concentration (wt%) and reaction time (min) on the yield were evaluated. The properties of the biodiesel produced showed that it met the ASTM standard for biodiesel. A quadratic polynomial model, Yield (%) = 78.60–3.12A–.62B + 0.00C -0.75AB – 3.50AC + 1.50BC + 2.82A2– 0.18B2 + 1.08C2, was developed that can be used to predict yield of biodiesel at any value of the different parameters investigated. The ANOVA for the model of the biodiesel yield obtained indicates that the models fit well in describing the relationship between the predictor (biodiesel yield) and the factors (methanol to oil ratio, catalyst concentration and reaction time). The optimal trans-esterification conditions were found to be 60°C for temperature, 60minutes for reaction time, 0.878w% of oil as Sodium hydroxide (catalyst) concentration and methanol/oil ratio of 1:6. At these optimal conditions, the biodiesel yield was fond to be 89.32% The generated biodiesel had high cetane number, better engine ignitability and poses lesser pollution problems than petroleum diesel.

scholarly journals Enzymatic biodiesel production from palm oil and palm kernel oil using free lipase

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.O. Kareem ◽  
E.I. Falokun ◽  
S.A. Balogun ◽  
O.A. Akinloye ◽  
S.O. Omeike
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Free Lipase

Acorn (Quercus frainetto L.) Kernel Oil as an Alternative Feedstock for Biodiesel Production in Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hülya Karabaş
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Quercus Frainetto ◽  
Alternative Feedstock ◽  
Acid Esterification

The acorn (Quercus frainetto L.) kernel oil is extracted from the kernels of the acorn that is grown in Sakarya which is in the Marmara region, Turkey. Acorn kernel oil (AKO) is obtained in 10 wt. %, by solvent extraction. Acorn kernel oil is investigated as an alternative feedstock for the production of a biodiesel fuel. The fatty acid profile of the oil consists primarily of oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Before processing alkalin transesterification reaction, the high free fatty acid (FFA) of the crude acorn kernel oil is decreased by using acid esterification method. Biodiesel is prepared from acorn kernel (AK) by transesterification of the acid esterified oil with methanol in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst. The maximum oil to ester conversion was 90%. The viscosity of biodiesel is closer to that of diesel and the heating value is about 6.4% less than that of petroleum diesel No. 2. All of the measured properties of the produced acorn kernel oil methyl ester (AKOME) are being compared to the current quality requirements according to EN14214 and ASTM D 6751. The comparison shows that the methyl esters of acorn kernel oil could be possible used as diesel fuel replacements.

scholarly journals Quality Parameters of Palm Olein, Palm Kernel Oil and its Blends Subjected to Thermal Stress using Photometric Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. B. Imoisi ◽  
M. E. Ukhun ◽  
E. E. Ikpe
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Totox Value

There is no much information regarding the partial replacement of palm olein with palm kernel oil. Palm olein mixed with palm kernel oil is commonly sold in Nigeria market today without proper blending and without determination of their suitability to consumer also ignorant of what ratio to be blended. Therefore, blends of palm olein (POL) and palm kernel oil (PKO) were formulated to assess their stability under elevated temperature using a fast, simple and reliable CDR palm oil tester photometric technology. The results were then compared with those obtained in POL. The blends studied were to investigate the effects of palm kernel oil partial replacement on the chemical stability of palm olein. the blends as partial replacement were missed in the ratio of PKO:POL(100:0), PKO:POL(80:20), PKO:POL(60:40) and POL:PKO(100:0), POL:PKO(80:20), POL:PKO(60:40). The POL, PKO and its blends were heated at 100, 150 and 200ᵒC. The time of heating were 20, 40 and 60mins respectively, making a total of 1 hour for heating without any frying operations. The physicochemical properties of the oil samples were fatty acid composition, free fatty acid, peroxide value, iodine value, anisidine value, cloud point, colour, melting point, viscosity and totox value were evaluated over heating time. Blending palm olein (POL) unsaturated oils with saturated (PKO) generally improved the parameters comparable to those demonstrated in palm olein (POL) and palm kernel oil alone. The result showed that as PKO was increased the concentration of saturated fatty acid also increased while unsaturated fatty acid decreased. Saturated oils were generally more stable to oxidation and less sensitive to thermal stress. Increase in the amount of PKO lead to reduction in FFA.

scholarly journals Penentuan Acid Value pada Fatty Acid dengan Metode Titrasi Alkalimetri dan Kromatografi Gas

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Syafrinal Syafrinal ◽  
Renastio Renastio
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil

PT X processes crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) into products such as glycerin, fatty acid, and fatty alcohol. The purpose of this study was to determine the acid value of fatty acid using alkalimetry titration methods and gas chromatography and compare the values obtained with the PT X standard. The results showed that the AV 105 E21 and 105 E22 were following the PT X standard, with ranges respectively 355-365 mg KOH/gr and 268-275 mg KOH /gr. This indicates that the fatty acid samples produced can be sold to consumers.

Process Design, Techno-Economic Modelling, and Uncertainty Analysis of Biodiesel Production from Palm Kernel Oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Olusola Oke ◽  
Bernard Ibezim Okolo ◽  
Oladayo Adeyi ◽  
John Abiola Adeyi ◽  
Chiamaka Joan Ude ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil
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