Coherent Analysis-of-Variance Hypothesis-Testing Strategies: A General Model

1982 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Austin Betz ◽  
Joel R. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Effects

Logically consistent (“coherent”) hypothesis-testing strategies for factorial analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) designs are proposed in the context of a hierarchical model. It is shown that all of the hypotheses associated with the “traditional” factorial ANOVA model (i.e., main effects and interactions) are conceptually independent and occupy the lowest levels of the hierarchy. A research example is presented to illustrate the kind of conclusions that legitimately follow from testing the traditional hypotheses on the one hand, versus a variety of alternative hypotheses on the other.

Adjusting for Unequal Variances When Comparing Means in One-Way and Two-Way Fixed Effects ANOVA Models

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rand R. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Order Method ◽  
F Test ◽  
Unequal Variances ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
The One

Numerous papers have shown that the conventional F test is not robust to unequal variances in the one-way fixed effects ANOVA model, and several methods have been proposed for dealing with this problem. Here I describe and compare two methods for handling unequal variances in the two-way fixed effects ANOVA model. One is based on an improved Wilcox (1988) method for the one-way model, which forms the basis for considering this method in the two-way ANOVA model. The other is an extension of James’s (1951) second order method.

scholarly journals The Balance of Individual and Infrastructure Values in Decisions Regarding Advanced Science and Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunichi Hienuki ◽  
Kazuhiko Noguchi ◽  
Tadahiro Shibutani ◽  
Takahiro Saigo ◽  
Atsumi Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Scientific Technology

A country’s scientific technology policy rarely reflects public opinion. In this study, we created a hierarchical model of societal well-being, comprising five value components for both individual and infrastructure well-being, to analyze the balance among these values. We conducted a survey in two stages; first, both individual and infrastructure well-being were investigated, and then the weights between pairs of value categories composing individual and infrastructure well-being were scored to assess which categories were most important. The analysis of the first stage used the score magnitudes, while that of the second stage used the analytic hierarchy process. The results showed that people value individual well-being more than infrastructure well-being. For both types of well-being, values related to the economy and safety were ranked as more important than the other values, but the weights were distributed over all value components. For individual well-being, the most important value category was the one related to safety, while for infrastructure well-being, it was economy. Therefore, people prioritize different values for themselves and for society as a whole. This suggests that when making decisions regarding technology, it is necessary to understand its effects on all fields and consider the balance between the value categories of well-being.

Employee Gender, Gender Similarity, and Supervisor-Subordinate Cross-Evaluations

1983 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Gupta ◽  
G. Douglas Jenkins ◽  
Terry A. Beehr
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Supervisor Ratings ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Gender Similarity ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the relationship between employee gender and gender similarity on the one hand and supervisor-subordinate cross-evaluations and subordinate rewards on the other, using a sample of 651 employees from five midwestern organizations. Data were obtained through structured interviews, supervisor ratings of subordinates, and employee personnel records. Two-way analysis of variance results indicated that (a) evaluations of women are more positive than evaluations of men and (b) opposite-sex evaluations tend to be higher than same-sex evaluations, but (c) men subordinates receive more promotions, and same-sex subordinates more pay increases, than do women subordinates and opposite-sex subordinates respectively.

The Fragility of Beginnings: The First Genetic Stratum of Le Square by Marguerite Duras (1956)

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-275
Author(s):  
MARIE-MADELEINE MERVANT-ROUX
Keyword(s):  
Marguerite Duras ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Genetic Criticism ◽  
Dramatic Works ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Methodological Procedures ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Effects

It was as a branch of ‘genetic criticism’ that a genetics of the theatre first established itself in France as a scientific field of study. Applied to literature alone in the first place, it has since then gradually widened its scope of investigation. Taking Marguerite Duras's first play, Le Square (1956) as an example, this essay aims to demonstrate the main effects of such a disciplinary gestation on the ‘French’ approach to the creative processes as regards the theatre. On the one hand, the existence of well-tried methodological procedures for the study of manuscripts permits both a dynamic re-examination of dramatic works and a criticism of the myths which often surround them. On the other, apprehending the different textual materials and the other kinds of genetic documents produced around the stage according to a methodologically coherent manner reveals the constant interdependence of techniques and arts, and the need to improve models constructed for altogether different studies.

scholarly journals Independent samples—more hypotheses testing

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-151
Author(s):  
Blaženka Knežević ◽  
Berislav Žmuk
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Hypotheses Testing ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Nominal Variables

Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) without replication is called a factorial ANOVA with two factors. It is used to test if there is a significant difference between means of several sets of data (groups) dependable on two independent factors. It is applied when we have one measurement variable and two nominal variables (usually called ‘factors’ or ‘main effects’). In this chapter hypotheses and assumptions of the method are given. Then the example of the procedure of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) without replication is described in details. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with replication is utilized to simultaneously test the effects of varying two variables for a sample which consists of more than one respondent per a certain combination of variables. The example of the procedure of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with replication is described in details in this chapter. For both procedures the easy to follow examples shows the procedure stepby-step. The practical part includes the guidance for SPSS and for Excel.

scholarly journals Simulation-Based Power Analysis for Factorial Analysis of Variance Designs

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 251524592095150
Author(s):  
Daniël Lakens ◽  
Aaron R. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Power Analysis ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
A Priori ◽  
R Package ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
A Priori Power Analysis ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Power Analyses

Researchers often rely on analysis of variance (ANOVA) when they report results of experiments. To ensure that a study is adequately powered to yield informative results with an ANOVA, researchers can perform an a priori power analysis. However, power analysis for factorial ANOVA designs is often a challenge. Current software solutions do not allow power analyses for complex designs with several within-participants factors. Moreover, power analyses often need [Formula: see text] or Cohen’s f as input, but these effect sizes are not intuitive and do not generalize to different experimental designs. We have created the R package Superpower and online Shiny apps to enable researchers without extensive programming experience to perform simulation-based power analysis for ANOVA designs of up to three within- or between-participants factors. Predicted effects are entered by specifying means, standard deviations, and, for within-participants factors, the correlations. The simulation provides the statistical power for all ANOVA main effects, interactions, and individual comparisons. The software can plot power across a range of sample sizes, can control for multiple comparisons, and can compute power when the homogeneity or sphericity assumption is violated. This Tutorial demonstrates how to perform a priori power analysis to design informative studies for main effects, interactions, and individual comparisons and highlights important factors that determine the statistical power for factorial ANOVA designs.

Comparison of Comprehension of Two Forms of Compressed Speech

1966 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Foulke
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
Compressed Speech ◽  
The One ◽  
Word Rate

An experiment was performed to determine the influence of word rate and the method used in compressing speech upon listening comprehension. One group of subjects heard speech made rapid by means of the Tempo Regulator. The other group heard speech made rapid by playing a record at a faster speed than the one used during recording. Each group was further divided into three subgroups, and each subgroup heard the selection at a different accelerated word rate. The three word rates employed were 253, 300, and 350 words per minute. Following this, subjects took a multiple choice test of listening comprehension based upon the selection heard. The analysis of variance of test scores showed the word rate variable to be highly significant. However, the method used in compressing speech was not a significant variable.

scholarly journals ¿Atrapando el Solsticio? Un análisis crítico de la orientación de los templos de Deir el-Bahari

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Belmonte Avilés ◽  
◽  
Magdi Fekri ◽  
Miquel Serra ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
Winter Solstice ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
The One ◽  
The Temple

The temples of Deir el-Bahari were studied in earlier campaigns carried out during the last decade within the framework of the Archaeoastronomy Mission of Ancient Egypt; in particular those of Mentuhotep II and Hatshepsut. Although they seem to belong to the family of temples oriented to the rising sun at the winter solstice, this orientation was not as precise as would be expected for temples of such importance. Therefore, after resuming work in Egypt, it was decided to propose alternative hypotheses that could explain the deviations of these two temples to the south and north of the solsticial line, respectively. It is difficult to imagine that they were mere design errors. In December 2017, further fieldwork was carried out in Thebes, in particular at Deir el-Bahari, and observations and measures were made on site during the winter solstice itself, documenting this phenomenon. The verifications carried out seem to confirm some new approaches. On the one hand, the memorial temple of Mentuhotep II could be diverted c. 2º to the south so that there would be a lighting effect during the winter solstice in the chapel closing the complex at the base of the cliff. This would be an astronomical event that could be related to the Wepet Renpet (New Year) at that period (11th Dynasty). On the other hand, the Temple of Millions of Years of Hatshepsut could be oriented towards sunrise on another unique date of the civil calendar during the reign of this sovereign. All in all, astronomical orientations at the site could relate to key dates in the civil calendar at the time when the temples were built.

OPTIMAL TESTING IN A FIXED-EFFECTS FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE MODEL

2004 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 323-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
FELIX ABRAMOVICH ◽  
ANESTIS ANTONIADIS ◽  
THEOFANIS SAPATINAS ◽  
BRANI VIDAKOVIC
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Wavelet Coefficients ◽  
Variance Model ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Functional Interactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Main Effects

We consider the testing problem in a fixed-effects functional analysis of variance model. We test the null hypotheses that the functional main effects and the functional interactions are zeros against the composite nonparametric alternative hypotheses that they are separated away from zero in L2-norm and also possess some smoothness properties. We adapt the optimal (minimax) hypothesis testing procedures for testing a zero signal in a Gaussian "signal plus noise" model to derive optimal (minimax) non-adaptive and adaptive hypothesis testing procedures for the functional main effects and the functional interactions. The corresponding tests are based on the empirical wavelet coefficients of the data. Wavelet decompositions allow one to characterize different types of smoothness conditions assumed on the response function by means of its wavelet coefficients for a wide range of function classes. In order to shed some light on the theoretical results obtained, we carry out a simulation study to examine the finite sample performance of the proposed functional hypothesis testing procedures. As an illustration, we also apply these tests to a real-life data example arising from physiology. Concluding remarks and hints for possible extensions of the proposed methodology are also given.

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