scholarly journals Independent samples—more hypotheses testing

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-151
Author(s):  
Blaženka Knežević ◽  
Berislav Žmuk
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Hypotheses Testing ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Nominal Variables

Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) without replication is called a factorial ANOVA with two factors. It is used to test if there is a significant difference between means of several sets of data (groups) dependable on two independent factors. It is applied when we have one measurement variable and two nominal variables (usually called ‘factors’ or ‘main effects’). In this chapter hypotheses and assumptions of the method are given. Then the example of the procedure of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) without replication is described in details. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with replication is utilized to simultaneously test the effects of varying two variables for a sample which consists of more than one respondent per a certain combination of variables. The example of the procedure of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with replication is described in details in this chapter. For both procedures the easy to follow examples shows the procedure stepby-step. The practical part includes the guidance for SPSS and for Excel.

Using MYSTAT to Analyze Simple Main Effects in Analysis of Variance

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-266
Author(s):  
Richard A. Hudiburg
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Effect Factor ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Effects

Research designs with two factors having a significant interaction effect are analyzed for simple main effects using MYSTAT. The coding used performs a series of one-way analyses of variance for each main-effect factor at only one level of the second factor.

scholarly journals Effects of plyometric and pull training on performance and selected strength characteristics of junior male weightlifter

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
İ. İnce ◽  
A. Şentürk
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effects

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of plyometric and pull training added an Olympic weightlifting training program (twice a week for 8 wk) on performance and selected strength characteristics in junior male weightlifter. Material: The participants [n = 34; age: 16.03 ± 0.9 y; mass: 74.78 ± 14.86 kg; height: 170.53 ± 6.81 cm] were randomized into a pull (n = 11), a plyometric (n = 12), and a control (n= 11) groups. The groups trained 6 days a week during the 8-week study period. The pull group performed four pull exercises and the plyometric group performed four plyometric exercises added to Olympic weightlifting program for 2 days a week, and the control group performed an Olympic weightlifting program alone. Analysis of variance and Magnitude-based inferences used to determine whether a significant difference existed among groups on snatch clean and jerk total (SCT), squat (SQ), back strength (BS), countermovement jump (CMJ), 30 sec. repeated jump height (RJH) and peak barbell velocity (PV). Results: The ANOVA showed a time × group interaction for SCT, BS and RJH. The MBI indicated positive changes for SCT in control group, for BS in pull group and for RJH in plyometric group. The results for the PV decrease in plyometric and pull group indicated no significant time × group interaction, but there was a significant main effects. ASK "Inserisci l'aim" \* MERGEFORMAT ASK \* MERGEFORMAT Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the addition of pull or plyometric training to an Olympic weightlifting program interfered with weightlifting performances.

Anti-Intellectualism and Political Ideology in a Sample of Undergraduate and Graduate Students

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1050-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Laverghetta ◽  
Juliana Stewart ◽  
Lawrence Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
The Political ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Political Conservatism ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Political Party Affiliation

To estimate correlations for scores on a student anti-intellectualism scale with scores on a measure of political conservatism, 235 students were given a survey containing a student anti-intellectualism scale, a political conservatism scale, and a demographics questionnaire identifying the participants' sex, college classification, ethnicity, political party affiliation, and self-described political ideology. The political conservatism scale contained two factors, Religiosity and Economic Conservatism, both of which were scored separately in addition to an overall Conservatism score. Students' Anti-intellectualism scores were correlated with Political Conservatism scores ( r = .37, p<.01), with Religiosity scores ( r = .42, p<.01), and with Economic Conservatism scores ( r = .17, p<.05). An analysis of variance indicated a significant difference in students' Anti-intellectualism scores based on college classification ( F4,233 = 2.27, p<.04). Specifically, freshman had significantly higher scores than graduate students.

Does Exercise Type Affect Relative Activation Levels of Vastus Medialis Oblique and Vastus Laterialis?

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Herrington ◽  
Stephen Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Onset Timing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Exercise Type ◽  
Main Effects

Context:One factor believed to affect Patella tracking is an alteration in the timing of the contraction of the muscular stabilizers of the patella. The muscles responsible for this are Vastus Medialis Oblique (VMO) and Vastus Laterialis (VL). A number of authors believe that asynchronous recruitment of the VMO muscle occurs in patella mal-tracking, with the VL muscle firing first and VMO firing first with normal tracking. This has lead to a variety of exercise interventions to reverse the situation with varying success. The discrepancy between the majority of the available research findings and the clinical hypothesis of VMO action or facilitation of this action may in part be due to methodological variability between studies, especially lack of control of the exercise variables of angular velocity and relative load.Objective:To assess the effect of different quadriceps exercises on VMO and VL EMG recruitment timing, while controlling load and velocity of contraction.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Main Outcome Measures:Differences in time of onset of muscle activity between VMO and VL.Results:No significant difference existed between gender (P= 0.78). Analysis factorial ANOVA (muscle, contraction type and exercise type) showed the main effects of muscle (P= 0.15) and type of contraction (P= 0.79) did not have a significant effect, the nature of exercise (OKC or CKC) had a significant effect (P< 0.001). The interaction of muscle and exercise type (P= 0.34) also had a nonsignificant effect.Conclusions:Onset timing does not differ significantly between VMO and VL during a variety of exercise tasks.

scholarly journals Effect of Chlorpromazine on Rem Rebound in Normal Volunteers

1972 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-469
Author(s):  
J. Naiman ◽  
R. Poitras ◽  
F. Engelsmann
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Rem Latency ◽  
Main Effects

The effect of chlorpromazine on the REM deprivation rebound was studied. Five normal subjects participated in the experiment which consisted of three periods of nine nights each. The first period was without medication, the second with medication and the third again without medication. Four dependent variables — Total Sleep Time, REM latency, REM time and REM percentage — were measured in each period as follows: baseline — three nights, REM deprivation — two nights and recovery — four nights. Analysis of variance (three-way classification) was computed in order to evaluate both the main effects as well as the interaction between medication and sleep conditions. The results showed significant difference over the three conditions of sleep — baseline, REM deprivation and recovery. While there were no significant differences due to medication the replication of the measurements in the same subjects proved to be a slightly significant source of the variance of the scores in all variables except REM latency.

Coherent Analysis-of-Variance Hypothesis-Testing Strategies: A General Model

1982 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Austin Betz ◽  
Joel R. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Effects

Logically consistent (“coherent”) hypothesis-testing strategies for factorial analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) designs are proposed in the context of a hierarchical model. It is shown that all of the hypotheses associated with the “traditional” factorial ANOVA model (i.e., main effects and interactions) are conceptually independent and occupy the lowest levels of the hierarchy. A research example is presented to illustrate the kind of conclusions that legitimately follow from testing the traditional hypotheses on the one hand, versus a variety of alternative hypotheses on the other.

Articulation Development in Preschool Children

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn W. Kenney ◽  
Elizabeth M. Prather
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Effects

The purpose of this study was to describe the consistency of productions of /θ, r, l, s, ∫, t∫, f, t, k/ in releasing and arresting position for 2 ½- to 5-year-old children. The Coarticulation Assessment in Meaningful Language (Kenney & Prather, 1984) was given to 360 children, 60 at each of six age levels. A four-way multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures on the last two factors was used to test for main effects and interactions among age, sex, phoneme, and position. These children produced /θ, ∫, t∫, l, f/ with greater accuracy in the releasing position, but articulated /k, s, t/ at similar levels of accuracy in both positions. They produced /r/ with greater accuracy as a vocalic allophone. Further patterns and interactions are discussed.

scholarly journals Simulation-Based Power Analysis for Factorial Analysis of Variance Designs

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 251524592095150
Author(s):  
Daniël Lakens ◽  
Aaron R. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Power Analysis ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
A Priori ◽  
R Package ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
A Priori Power Analysis ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Power Analyses

Researchers often rely on analysis of variance (ANOVA) when they report results of experiments. To ensure that a study is adequately powered to yield informative results with an ANOVA, researchers can perform an a priori power analysis. However, power analysis for factorial ANOVA designs is often a challenge. Current software solutions do not allow power analyses for complex designs with several within-participants factors. Moreover, power analyses often need [Formula: see text] or Cohen’s f as input, but these effect sizes are not intuitive and do not generalize to different experimental designs. We have created the R package Superpower and online Shiny apps to enable researchers without extensive programming experience to perform simulation-based power analysis for ANOVA designs of up to three within- or between-participants factors. Predicted effects are entered by specifying means, standard deviations, and, for within-participants factors, the correlations. The simulation provides the statistical power for all ANOVA main effects, interactions, and individual comparisons. The software can plot power across a range of sample sizes, can control for multiple comparisons, and can compute power when the homogeneity or sphericity assumption is violated. This Tutorial demonstrates how to perform a priori power analysis to design informative studies for main effects, interactions, and individual comparisons and highlights important factors that determine the statistical power for factorial ANOVA designs.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Discipline and Personality in Blended Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Chang Tik
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Community Of Inquiry ◽  
Cognitive Presence ◽  
Teaching Presence ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effects

The purpose of the study is to investigate the interaction between discipline and personality in a blended classroom using the community of inquiry model. To this end, a factorial ANOVA is used to determine the main effects of the high and low of each personality trait as well as the four different clusters of discipline on the presences. The study used a non-experimental design to gather data. A total of 12 lecturers and 408 students from three institutions were involved. The results indicate that there is a significant difference in teaching presence between the hard-applied and hard-pure as well as the hard-applied and soft-pure disciplines only for the conscientiousness personality. Correspondingly, there is a significant difference in social presence between the hard-applied and soft-pure disciplines across all the five personality traits. However, there is no significant difference in cognitive presence for all the discipline clusters across all the personality traits.

PENGARUH PROGRAM BLOCK GRANT KECAKAPAN HIDUP TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (IX) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Nurdin Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Hypotheses Testing ◽  
Block Grant ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
East Central ◽  
Welfare Program ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
English Achievement ◽  
Additional Approach

The aim of this study is to examine the differences in learning achievement in English between the students who receives Block Grant and who don’t. This study was conducted in 2005 at Jakarta Public Senior Highschools which received Block Grant Welfare Program and Jakarta Public Senior Highschools which didn’t receive Block Grant Welfare Program in 2003, located in East, Central, and North Jakarta. This study used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with additional approach Tuckey Test at á=0,05, and used expost facto and a 2x2 factorial design. The result of hypotheses testing shows that: first, in overall, there is a significant difference found between English achievement of student who received Block Grant and who didn’t receive Block Grant. Second, there is an interaction between enteryng behaviors and Block Grant Welfare Program to the students’ achievement in English.

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