scholarly journals SOVIET MODERNIZATION OF DAGHESTAN. TO THE 100 ANNIVERSARY OF THE FORMATION OF THE DAGHESTAN SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Elmira Murtuzalievna DALGAT
Keyword(s):  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
First Time

The article examines the two stages of modernization of Daghestan. The first one refers to the second half of the XIX - the beginning of the ХХ centuries, when the Daghestan region was formed and the Daghestan peoples for the first time found themselves within the framework of the one administrative unit. The influence of the reforms carried out by the tsarist authorities on the development of Daghestan is shown. The second Soviet modernization carried out a radical restructuring of the foundations of the traditional way of life of the Daghestan peoples. Shown are the achievements in the economy, culture and science during the existence of the Daghestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the 100th Anniversary of which is celebrated this year.

The Finnish Communist Party and neutrality

1967 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-288
Author(s):  
John H. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Small Country ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Large Country ◽  
The One

In the summer of 1917, while under the protective wing of Finnish socialists, including Kustaa Rovio – chief of the Helsinki police force and later first secretary of the Communist Party apparatus in the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic – Lenin completed his treatise State and Revolution, rejecting with vehemence the notion that a capitalist nation could be transformed without violence into a higher form of society. The one possible exception was a small country sharing a common frontier with a large country which had already successfully undergone the transition.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of Details and Factors of 1920s Famine in the Tatar Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
M. A. Akhmetova ◽  
◽  
A. R. Nurutdinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Analytical Processing ◽  
The Republic

The year 2020 in the Republic of Tatarstan is declared the year of the 100th anniversary of the formation of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The purpose of the article is a versatile study of archival and record-keeping documents, statistical information and materials of the periodical press, which contribute to the development and arrangement of modern accents and views on the history of the republic. Using the possibilities of scientific work at the intersection of various sciences, the authors of the article have the prospect of an absolutely new approach to the disclosure of the topic being studied. To work with archival documents, the task of statistical and analytical processing of data is set in order to identify significant factors and correlations.

scholarly journals DISCUSSION ON THE STATE AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE CRIMEAN ASSR (1921–1945)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) (3) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
V. V. Kharabuga ◽  
V. A. Afanasyev
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Historical Basis ◽  
The One

For a long time, Crimea has been the place of a permanent ethnopolitical political conflict controlled from the outside, one of the components of which is the confrontation between the Russians, as an ethnic group and the other Slavic population of Crimea, on the one hand, and the Tatars of Crimea, on behalf of whom the extremist banned in Russia is trying to speak structure «kurultai-mejlis». The argumentation of the hypothesis designed to confirm the myth about the national (Tatar) character of the Crimean ASSR is presented. The analysis of argumentation suggests that the hypothesis is not supported by convincing evidence. More weighty should be considered the point of view that the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1921–1945. was multinational-territorial autonomy. The discussion in Ukraine of the topic of changing the status of Crimea, turning it into national Tatar autonomy is carried out by the leaders and functionaries of the extremist organization «kurultai-mejlis» in the framework of the anti-Russian propaganda flow controlled from abroad and exploits the analyzed myth as the historical basis of its claims.

scholarly journals CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE OLD BELIEVERS’ RELIGION IN BURYATIA IN THE 1920S: IMPLEMENTATION METHODS

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Khomyakov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Entire List

Purposeful struggle against religion became one of the most important directions in the ideology of the Soviet country in the 1920s. For Old Believers, who had been living in settlements along the Selenga River (near the City of Verkhneudinsk) since the 1760s, this meant a continuation of the conflict situation in communication and interaction with the contemporary government. The Old Believers, who for decades had been trying to preserve the specifics of the old Orthodox religion, fulfilled the entire list of economic and military duties, but resisted the decisions of the tsarist administration to eliminate the schism (sealing chapels, monitoring the activities of preceptors, conversion in coreligionism etc.). The Soviet power, established in the 1920s in Buryatia, demonstrated continuity in the perception of the Old Believer religion as a problem. Hence, the article sets a task of characterisation of the methods of the struggle of the Soviet government against the Old Believer religion in the 1920s. The goal of the research is an attempt to study the anti-religious campaign of the Bolsheviks in the settlements of the Old Believers of the Buryat-Mongol autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which can complete the ideas about their way of life, the attitude to the authorities in the turning point of the early Soviet power. The object of the study is the Old Believers’ population of the Buryat-Mongol ASSR, the subject is the religious and cultural policy of the Soviet power. In the long-term planning of the Bolsheviks was the complete suppression of the religious worldview among the population rather than elimination of the schism in the Orthodox Church (as before), hence the methods of achieving the goal were completely different – defamation of character of the preceptors, in many ways identical with the practices of working with other religions, promotion ideas that religion is the main reason for their ignorance and lack of freedom, etc., among the Old Believer youth. In the 1920s (in contrast to the next decade of repressive politics) the authorities approached religion with caution, their methods were mainly aimed at creating a negative information background and supporting that part of the Old Believers who sought changes in their lives.

The 1921–1923 Famine and the Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Ukraine: Common and Distinctive Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omelian Rudnytskyi ◽  
Stanislav Kulchytskyi ◽  
Oleksandr Gladun ◽  
Natalia Kulyk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
First Time ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractThis article covers the preconditions, causes, and consequences of the famine of 1921–1923 and of the Holodomor of 1932–1933. Significant attention is paid to the geography and scale of the famine. For the first time in the historiography of the famine of 1921–1923, a thorough assessment is conducted of the demographic loss of population for Ukraine as a whole, seven oblasts, and the Moldova Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR). A comparative analysis of the research results of the 1921–1923 famine and the Holodomor of 1932–1933 is presented. The discussion consists of three parts. The first part addresses the famine of 1921–1923. It examines the historico-political and economic context of the famine, its scale, and its uneven effect on different parts of the country. Special attention is paid to the sanitary-epidemiological situation which was closely tied to the famine itself. The second part is devoted to the Holodomor of 1932–1933. A comparative analysis of losses during the famines of 1921–1923 and 1932–1933 is presented in the third part.

Gubaidulina, Sofia Asgatovna (1931--)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Moody
Keyword(s):  
Film Music ◽  
Compositional Techniques ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The West ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Violin Concerto ◽  
First Time

Sofia Gubaidulina was born in Chistopol in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, of mixed Russian and Tatar parentage. After graduating from Kazan Conservatoire in 1954, she studied in Moscow with Nikolay Peyko and Vissarion Shebalin, winning a Stalin Fellowship. Her unconventional approach to composition, including investigating microtonal tunings, led to her music being viewed with disapprobation by the authorities. She was, however, given encouragement by Shostakovich, and was able to continue experimenting in her film music. In 1975 she founded the Astreia, an improvisational group using Russian, Caucasian, and Asian folk and ritual instruments, with composers Vyacheslav Artyomov and Viktor Suslin and, like Schnittke and Denisov, absorbed in a highly personal way new compositional techniques being developed in the West, something that contributed to her being blacklisted as one of "Khrennikov’s seven" at the Sixth Congress of the Union of Soviet Composers in 1979. She was nevertheless championed in Russia by a number of performers, including Gidon Kremer, Friedrich Lips, Mark Pekarsky, Valery Popov, and Vladimir Tonkha. Kremer’s performances of the violin concerto Offertorium were one of the contributing factors to Gubaidulina’s increasing success outside the USSR in the 1980s. She was allowed to travel to the West for the first time in 1985, and has lived near Hamburg since 1992.

scholarly journals 100th Anniversary of the Salzburg Festival: Historical and Cultural Phenomenon of the 20th and Early 21st Centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 160-182
Author(s):  
Ganna Rizaieva
Keyword(s):  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Philosophy Of Art ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Cultural Integrity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
A Current

Relevance of the study. The evolution and the very phenomenon of the Salzburg Festival go hand in hand with the history of music and theatre, the philosophy of art, and the global musical infrastructure of the 20th and early 21st centuries. On the one hand, it is their fair reflection; while on the other hand, it is an integral part of their development. That is why studying and understanding the role and place of the Salzburg Festival is essential for understanding contemporary musical culture in a current historical perspective.Relevance of the study is attributable to the fact that, for the first time in Ukrainian historical musicology, the development and implementation of the idea of holding the Salzburg Festival are considered, indirect relations between the festival ideologists and the Ukrainian cultural space at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries are discovered, and the century-old history of the main European music and theatre forum is systematized.Main objective of the study is to introduce the phenomenon of the Salzburg Festival as a historical and cultural integrity in the space of the Ukrainian musicological discourse, as well as to outline and systematize a one hundred-year path of the main music and theatre forum in Europe.Methodology of the study includes the use of historical, culturological, and systemic approaches.Results and conclusions. The study revealed that at the stage of shaping the idea of the festival in Salzburg at the beginning of the twentieth century, there were two fundamental visions of its implementation, namely, “Mozart-oriented” and “general theatrical”. They both entered the gene code of the Salzburg Music and Theatre Forum with varying interpretations of its concept and repertoire policy at each phase of its existence. The change of priorities in its fundamental triad, that is, drama — opera — concert, during forum varying periods is also traced.The hundred-year journey of the Salzburg Festival may be divided into three main stages: 1) the development and search of self-identity (1920–1954); 2) “stabilization” and formation of international prestige (1955–1990); and 3) “modernization” and expansion of cultural horizons (from 1991 until today). Each of them is well integrated into history of Western European music and culture of the 20th and early 21st centuries.

scholarly journals ON THE ISSUE OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SOVIET RULE IN DAGESTAN AND THE FORMATION OF THE DAGESTAN ASSR

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyla G. Kaymarazova ◽  
Gany Sh. Kaymarazov
Keyword(s):  
Social Process ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State Construction ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Political Economic

The relevance of the questions raised in the article is due to the 100th anniversary of the events of the Russian Revolution, as well as interest in the problems of national-state construction in Soviet Russia against the background of political transformations that have occurred in the Russian state since the late 1980s. The article with the involvement of reliable source material, analytical use of accumulated historiographic experience, materials of documentary publications for different years, sources of personal origin, mainly of reminiscences, highlights the complex process of revolutionary events in Dagestan after October 1917. It is shown how the formation of associations of various political and ideological orientations occurred, the first Soviet authorities were created, and radical changes were carried out in the conditions of the opposition of its supporters and opponents, who organized or tried to organize their authorities on the ground. These issues are considered in the context of events related to the Civil War and foreign intervention, the struggle against the Denikin’s Volunteer Army and the victory of the Soviet government in a multinational area.Particular attention is paid to the creation in Dagestan of temporary emergency authorities - revolutionary committees (revcoms), transfer from them to elected authorities - the Soviets, the Emergency Congress of the Peoples of Dagestan and the proclamation of the Soviet autonomy of Dagestan in Soviet Russia, the formation of the Soviet government and the adoption of the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the formation of the Dagestan Soviet Socialist Republic of the RSFSR. The article shows that the Soviet autonomy of Dagestan is one of the forms of national statehood, and state-building in a multinational region, despite regional peculiarities, is part of the all-Russian political, economic and social process.

scholarly journals Wagons in Sarmatian Burials of the Lower Volga and Lower Don Kurgans. Part 1

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-199
Author(s):  
Boris Raev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern European ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Wooden Frame ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
The One ◽  
Burial Rite

The article deals with two burial sites from the Sarmatian kurgans located in the Lower Volga region. Three wheels and two axles of the wagon covering the grave in a wooden frame were discovered in the burial close to the Merkel village excavated in 1929 in the upper reaches of the Karamysh River, on the territory of the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Some details have shown that few parts of the wagon were placed in the grave in unfinished form. The diary records of the escavations author Paul Rau, which were found in archives, contained important information. The second burial was explored in the early 1970s in the Astrakhan region. Two wheels were preserved in the grave closing the access to the inner chamber. An analysis of the construction of the graves and wagons parts enables to speak about two types of grave structures in which wagons were placed – simple graves, and graves with inner chambers. The simple graves are contained not only of wheels but also of body parts and other parts of wagon as well. While graves with inner chambers includes only wheels, closing the inner chamber. Parts of old wagons, their unfinished parts, optionally defective ones, have been used in the burial ceremony. The search for analogs refers to the burials of Central Asia and Altai region, which possesses the evidences of two-axle wagons genesis. The one-axle wagons which appeared in the Eastern European steppes at later time are connected originally to the same region. The second part of this article will focus on the origin of the burial rite itself, as well as the spreading time of the tradition, its ways, and mechanism - from the eastern to the western regions of the Eurasian steppes.

scholarly journals Ukrainianization of national opera theater

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Kateryna Vasylenko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Republic ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
National Opera ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the article is to single out artistic and organizational peculiarities of opera art of the period from the Ukrainian National Republic in the 1930s. To illuminate the role and importance of prerequisites and formation of Ukrainianization as a factor of formation of national opera culture in the first half of XX century. The methodology lies in the application of comparativist and comparative-historical methods, which allowed to highlight and compare the period, researched, from its beginning to the extreme years. Allowed to characterize historical events with a retrospective distance of a century. The scientific novelty consists of incomprehension of the influence of Ukrainianization on opera art in Ukraine. For the first time, the Ukrainianization of the culture of the population from the time of the UPR to the appearance of the very concept of "Ukrainianization", which appeared after the formation of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, is considered in detail. Conclusions. Through the analysis of scientific publications, monographs, and archival sources we can determine the approaches and formation of the policy of "Ukrainianization" of opera art in the first half of the twentieth century. There is a possibility to compare the "Ukrainization" of the national opera art in the period of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic.

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