The 1921–1923 Famine and the Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Ukraine: Common and Distinctive Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omelian Rudnytskyi ◽  
Stanislav Kulchytskyi ◽  
Oleksandr Gladun ◽  
Natalia Kulyk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
First Time ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractThis article covers the preconditions, causes, and consequences of the famine of 1921–1923 and of the Holodomor of 1932–1933. Significant attention is paid to the geography and scale of the famine. For the first time in the historiography of the famine of 1921–1923, a thorough assessment is conducted of the demographic loss of population for Ukraine as a whole, seven oblasts, and the Moldova Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR). A comparative analysis of the research results of the 1921–1923 famine and the Holodomor of 1932–1933 is presented. The discussion consists of three parts. The first part addresses the famine of 1921–1923. It examines the historico-political and economic context of the famine, its scale, and its uneven effect on different parts of the country. Special attention is paid to the sanitary-epidemiological situation which was closely tied to the famine itself. The second part is devoted to the Holodomor of 1932–1933. A comparative analysis of losses during the famines of 1921–1923 and 1932–1933 is presented in the third part.

Comparative analysis of the efficiency of oil–producing companies in Russia and the world

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arina E. Link ◽  
◽  
Mikhail V. Mishenin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Tax Deductions ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Oil And Gas Sector

The study compares domestic and foreign companies in the oil and gas sector for the first time and identifies the distinctive features of each group. The results of calculations showed that the profit of any large oil and gas company is affected by revenue, cost of production and the amount of tax deductions. Moreover, the refinancing rate of the country where the company is registered is important for the activities of oil and gas companies.

scholarly journals Motet “Jesu, Meine Freude” by Johann Sebastian Bach: Comparative Analysis of Editions of Musical Text

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-181
Author(s):  
Dmytro Savon
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Johann Sebastian Bach ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Choral Repertoire ◽  
History Of ◽  
Baroque Era ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

Relevance and scientific novelty of the selected subject for the research. In the Ukrainian musicology, the motets written by Johann Bach were mainly studied from the compositional means standpoint, considering the system of polyphony, the role of chorale and fugue in dramaturgy as well as the composition of works. Scientists have not previously researched the motets performance specificity. Meanwhile, motets, particularly the one reviewed in the article “Jesu, meine Freude”, are among the most frequently performed works of the choral repertoire. For the first time in the Ukrainian musicology, three edited versions of the motet “Jesu, meine Freude” are analyzed from the standpoint of historically oriented performance. Based on the study of editors’ comments and source literature (mostly German), the question of compliance of the musical text with the task of performing reconstruction of the baroque vocal and choral style was studied. The aim of the article lies in the need to find out specificity of the editors’ interpretation of motet “Jesu, meine Freude” written by Johann Bach and suitability extent of different edited versions for the historical reconstruction of the vocal-choral style of the German Baroque. During the development of particular article, such methods were utilized: historical — the history of edited versions of “Jesu, meine Freude” motet was traced, comparative — the comparative analysis of three edited versions of motet “Jesu, meine Freude” written by Johann Bach (Franz Wulner, Konrad Ameln and Mykhailo Berdennykov) was completed. Main results and conclusions. According to the completed comparative analysis, the first two of the three considered edited versions are textual, while the third one is adopted for performing. Textual versions are characterized by the preservation of the composer’s text in the smallest details, including comments to clearly identify the extent of changes made by the editor in the text. The peculiarities of the version adopted for performing contain the large amount of remarks added by the editor, covering dynamic shades, strokes, tempo notation, etc. It is noted that the choice of version type is determined by performance goals: to perform the works of Johann Bach in an authentic manner, the conductor should focus on facsimile versions, and if they are absent (as in the case of the “Jesu, meine Freude” motet), the one should use textual type of edited versions. The version developed for performing cannot correspond to the authentic performing, as the first does not reflect specific tendencies of the time when it was created. It is specified that the conductor should be familiar with the peculiarities of fixing the means of performance in the musical text of the Baroque era.

Ethnocultural Specificity of Phraseological Units with Zoocomponent in German and Ukrainian Languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Ostapchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Mental Abilities ◽  
The Common ◽  
Semantic Parameters

Abstract. The article presents a comparative analysis of phraseology with zoonymic components in the German and Ukrainian worldviews, which are closely related to national culture. In most phraseologies with the component-zoonym there is a type of metaphorical transfer, which uses the names of animals to describe the characteristics of man, the designation of certain qualities, appearance, character, mental abilities. In addition, zoonyms are often symbols of moral and intellectual qualities of man. The purpose of research is to study phraseological systems with zoomorphic components in a pair of German - Ukrainian, which allows to identify important values of each nation. Results of research. During the study of zoonyms in phraseology, it was noted that the metaphorical nature of zoomorphic phraseology, their inherent subjective-evaluative connotation, the specificity of their semantic parameters and syntactic structure is largely due to their scope, based on their expressed anthropocentrism as a manifestation of traditions of attributing to animals certain traits of human character. In the ethnoculture of different peoples, phraseology, including the names of animals - is primarily a statement about man, his spiritual and social traits. Thus, phraseology with the names of animals can reflect: physical qualities, capabilities; appearance; mental qualities (character traits); intelligence; habits, abilities, skills. Also, the paper explores the common and distinctive features of phraseology of the Ukrainian and German languages, namely the zoocomponents that form complete equivalents. Such phraseological units are equivalent, ie their lexical volume, semantic meaning and meaning are symmetrical. The second group includes partial equivalents. In German and Ukrainian, such phraseological units have the same meaning, but differ in the composition of lexical components, and, consequently, the internal form. The third group includes phraseologies that have no equivalents in another language and are characterized by the fact that these concepts do not have a common object. Such phraseological units often remain outside the scope of bilingual phraseological dictionaries, which is why it is only possible to explain the meaning. Originality is determined by the fact that our study makes a contribution to the development of phraseology in terms of studying phraseological units, namely the animalism of the German and Ukrainian languages. Conclusion. The presence of common and distinctive features in the structures of phraseology of the studied languages, the nature and content of associations are determined not by the properties of animals, but by their life in the national folklore-mythological and literary contexts of each nation, its worldview, human existence.

Gubaidulina, Sofia Asgatovna (1931--)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Moody
Keyword(s):  
Film Music ◽  
Compositional Techniques ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The West ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Violin Concerto ◽  
First Time

Sofia Gubaidulina was born in Chistopol in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, of mixed Russian and Tatar parentage. After graduating from Kazan Conservatoire in 1954, she studied in Moscow with Nikolay Peyko and Vissarion Shebalin, winning a Stalin Fellowship. Her unconventional approach to composition, including investigating microtonal tunings, led to her music being viewed with disapprobation by the authorities. She was, however, given encouragement by Shostakovich, and was able to continue experimenting in her film music. In 1975 she founded the Astreia, an improvisational group using Russian, Caucasian, and Asian folk and ritual instruments, with composers Vyacheslav Artyomov and Viktor Suslin and, like Schnittke and Denisov, absorbed in a highly personal way new compositional techniques being developed in the West, something that contributed to her being blacklisted as one of "Khrennikov’s seven" at the Sixth Congress of the Union of Soviet Composers in 1979. She was nevertheless championed in Russia by a number of performers, including Gidon Kremer, Friedrich Lips, Mark Pekarsky, Valery Popov, and Vladimir Tonkha. Kremer’s performances of the violin concerto Offertorium were one of the contributing factors to Gubaidulina’s increasing success outside the USSR in the 1980s. She was allowed to travel to the West for the first time in 1985, and has lived near Hamburg since 1992.

scholarly journals Choral dramaturgy of M. Arkasʼs opera «Katerina»

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Nataliy Byelik-Zolotaryova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Native Land ◽  
The Third ◽  
Effective Dynamic ◽  
First Time

The purpose of this work is to determine the features of choral drama in the opera «Katerina» by M. Arkas. It is based on research into the legacy of M. Arkas, it was determined that the opera «Katerina» is the first example of the embodiment of Shevchenko's poetry in the opera genre. The methods of this research are based on the application of historical-contextual, intonation-dramaturgical and structural-functional approaches of the investigation. A comparative analysis of Shevchenko's poem and opera libretto revealed differences that contributed to the strengthening of the psychological side of the drama. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that in this study for the first time in domestic musicology the peculiarities of choral drama of the opera whole are revealed, the dramatic functions of the choral factor in the process of operatic action are determined, the specificity of Taras Shevchenko's poem is revealed. Conclusions. As a result, of the analysis of the choral drama of the opera «Katerina» it is established that the choral scenes of the opera reflect the changes in the fate of Kateryna.  In the first act, M. Arkas showed the environment where the heroine grew up, and in the third – another – the Muscovites, from which she chose a lover who betrayed her, abandoned not only her but also her own son. The contrast between the images of Ukrainian rural youth and Muscovites was reflected at the level of the choral drama of the opera.  The generalized image of rural youth, patriotic, admiring the beauty of their native land – paradise, is opposed to the image of offenders-Muscovites, humiliating an exhausted woman with a baby in her arms. The dramatic functions of the choral factor are determined, a namely – genre-domestic contrasting background, effective-dynamic, patriotic and symbolic occupations.

scholarly journals GENESIS OF THE PROTOCOL FORM OF PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Р.О. Абдульдинов ◽  
T.A. Khanov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Simplified Procedure

The article discusses certain issues related to the protocol form of pre-trial investigation of criminalcases. A hypothesis is tested that defines protocol proceedings as a simplified (accelerated) form of pre-trialinvestigation used in criminal proceedings in the Republic of Kazakhstan. A comparative analysis of theprotocol form of pre-trial preparation of materials has been carried out. This form was in force in the 1959Criminal Procedure Code of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. The simplified procedure for pre-trialproceedings was introduced by the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 1997.The accelerated procedure for pre-trial investigation has been in force in the criminal procedurelegislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan since 2014. The authors came to the conclusion that the protocolform is a full-fledged procedural production of the pre-trial investigation. This form practically does notcontain elements of simplification, and the introduced changes and additions have brought to naught theaccelerated procedure. This led to the fact that most of the cases are terminated due to violation of thetimeframe for the investigation.

scholarly journals LEXICOGRAPHIC SOURCES IN THE PERIOD OF NEW POLAND

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
N. TORCHYNSKA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Card Index ◽  
Forming Characteristics ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Village

In the article the surnames of the village Bozhykivtsi are analyzes. At the same time, it is indicated that today significant successes have been in general achieved in the study of anthroponymic heritage of Ukraine, in particular, the surnames of Hutsul region (B. B. Blyzniuk), Boykivshchyna (G. E. Buchko), Lubenshchyna (L. O. Kravchenko), Opillya (H. D. Panchuk), Upper Transnistria (I. D. Farion), etc. The purpose of our research is to analyze the anthroponyms of the village of Bozhykivtsi and to carry out their lexical-semantic and word-forming characteristics on three time periods (1855, 1946 – 1949 and 1986 – 1990), to show the changes in the composition on the basis of a comparative analysis of the surnames. The funds of archives were the sources of the study of surnames, as a result of which a card index was compiled. The material for the study was 649 surnames. The word-forming-structural analysis of surnames of the village of Bozhykivtsi allowed to distinguish morphological and lexical-semantic formations. Anthropo unitst of the village Bozhikivtsi that has been formed by the lexico-semantic way are motivated by: 1) onymic vocabulary: a) surname, corresponding to the personal name; b) surnames corresponding to toponyms; 2) appellate vocabulary: a) surnames related to nouns: non-derivatives and derivatives; b) surnames related to composites; c) surnames related to adjectives. The morphological way of creating anthroponyms is represented only by suffixation. Surnames are formed with the help of patronymics (-евич / -ович, -ич), polyfunctional (-енк-о, -ук / -’ук, -чук, -ик, -ськ-ий / -цьк-ий, -ак / -’ак, -чак, -к-о, -ець, -ан/-’ан, -унь, -л-о, -ій, -ок, -ач), possessive (-ов / -ев / -єв / -ів , -ин / -ін) formants. Thus, it has been established that 44% of the surnames of the first period are preserved in the third time period, so 56% of anthroponyms are new, which is primarily due to the migration of the inhabitants. It was found that at all stages, more names motivated by appeals, less – proper names. Anthroponyms with uncertaine semantics consist 2-3%. Lexical-semantic formations dominated in the first time period, and the morphological one in the second and third periods. The most productive forms wereук/-’ук/-чук, -ськ/-цьк.

scholarly journals SOVIET MODERNIZATION OF DAGHESTAN. TO THE 100 ANNIVERSARY OF THE FORMATION OF THE DAGHESTAN SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Elmira Murtuzalievna DALGAT
Keyword(s):  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
First Time

The article examines the two stages of modernization of Daghestan. The first one refers to the second half of the XIX - the beginning of the ХХ centuries, when the Daghestan region was formed and the Daghestan peoples for the first time found themselves within the framework of the one administrative unit. The influence of the reforms carried out by the tsarist authorities on the development of Daghestan is shown. The second Soviet modernization carried out a radical restructuring of the foundations of the traditional way of life of the Daghestan peoples. Shown are the achievements in the economy, culture and science during the existence of the Daghestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the 100th Anniversary of which is celebrated this year.

scholarly journals Ukrainianization of national opera theater

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Kateryna Vasylenko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Republic ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
National Opera ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the article is to single out artistic and organizational peculiarities of opera art of the period from the Ukrainian National Republic in the 1930s. To illuminate the role and importance of prerequisites and formation of Ukrainianization as a factor of formation of national opera culture in the first half of XX century. The methodology lies in the application of comparativist and comparative-historical methods, which allowed to highlight and compare the period, researched, from its beginning to the extreme years. Allowed to characterize historical events with a retrospective distance of a century. The scientific novelty consists of incomprehension of the influence of Ukrainianization on opera art in Ukraine. For the first time, the Ukrainianization of the culture of the population from the time of the UPR to the appearance of the very concept of "Ukrainianization", which appeared after the formation of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, is considered in detail. Conclusions. Through the analysis of scientific publications, monographs, and archival sources we can determine the approaches and formation of the policy of "Ukrainianization" of opera art in the first half of the twentieth century. There is a possibility to compare the "Ukrainization" of the national opera art in the period of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic.

scholarly journals The rite of Malanka is its origin, mutual influences and modernity

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Antoniy Moysey
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Ritual Action ◽  
Current State ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Great Pressure ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Village ◽  
Source Materials

The article considers the area of distribution of the Malanka rite on the territory of Ukraine, Romania and the Republic of Moldova, focuses on its existence in Bukovina. The essence and results of research are to determine the original sources of origin. A comparative analysis of its existence in neighboring nations: Ukrainians, Romanians and Moldovans, fix common and distinctive features, mutual borrowings in past and nowadays. The purpose of this investigation is to clarify the main parameters of the changes made today in the rite on the example of the village of Krasnoilsk in Bukovina. The methodology is based on the analysis of source materials and own field of research. The method of comparative analysis helps in comparing the rite Malanka of Ukrainians and Romanians in Bukovina, and the methods of analysis and synthesis provide researcher in determining the parameters of changes in the elements of Malanka. Scientific novelty. For the first time is made a comparison with the current state of existence of the rite Malanka. Conclusions. The existence of the Malanka rite in the Bukovynian ethnographic zone is only a part of the huge area of its distribution, which is a marginal space in the zone of ethnocultural contacts and the interethnic border of Ukrainians and Eastern Romans. Conservation of the rite was facilitated by remoteness and isolation from the main area of their ethnic group. And today the evolution of this ancient ritual action takes place under great pressure of modern social processes. In the rite of “pereberiya” that accompanies Malanka as an organic element, dominates modern reality figures and historical characters as well.

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