Gubaidulina, Sofia Asgatovna (1931--)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Moody
Keyword(s):  
Film Music ◽  
Compositional Techniques ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The West ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Violin Concerto ◽  
First Time

Sofia Gubaidulina was born in Chistopol in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, of mixed Russian and Tatar parentage. After graduating from Kazan Conservatoire in 1954, she studied in Moscow with Nikolay Peyko and Vissarion Shebalin, winning a Stalin Fellowship. Her unconventional approach to composition, including investigating microtonal tunings, led to her music being viewed with disapprobation by the authorities. She was, however, given encouragement by Shostakovich, and was able to continue experimenting in her film music. In 1975 she founded the Astreia, an improvisational group using Russian, Caucasian, and Asian folk and ritual instruments, with composers Vyacheslav Artyomov and Viktor Suslin and, like Schnittke and Denisov, absorbed in a highly personal way new compositional techniques being developed in the West, something that contributed to her being blacklisted as one of "Khrennikov’s seven" at the Sixth Congress of the Union of Soviet Composers in 1979. She was nevertheless championed in Russia by a number of performers, including Gidon Kremer, Friedrich Lips, Mark Pekarsky, Valery Popov, and Vladimir Tonkha. Kremer’s performances of the violin concerto Offertorium were one of the contributing factors to Gubaidulina’s increasing success outside the USSR in the 1980s. She was allowed to travel to the West for the first time in 1985, and has lived near Hamburg since 1992.

The 1921–1923 Famine and the Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Ukraine: Common and Distinctive Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omelian Rudnytskyi ◽  
Stanislav Kulchytskyi ◽  
Oleksandr Gladun ◽  
Natalia Kulyk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
First Time ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractThis article covers the preconditions, causes, and consequences of the famine of 1921–1923 and of the Holodomor of 1932–1933. Significant attention is paid to the geography and scale of the famine. For the first time in the historiography of the famine of 1921–1923, a thorough assessment is conducted of the demographic loss of population for Ukraine as a whole, seven oblasts, and the Moldova Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR). A comparative analysis of the research results of the 1921–1923 famine and the Holodomor of 1932–1933 is presented. The discussion consists of three parts. The first part addresses the famine of 1921–1923. It examines the historico-political and economic context of the famine, its scale, and its uneven effect on different parts of the country. Special attention is paid to the sanitary-epidemiological situation which was closely tied to the famine itself. The second part is devoted to the Holodomor of 1932–1933. A comparative analysis of losses during the famines of 1921–1923 and 1932–1933 is presented in the third part.

scholarly journals SOVIET MODERNIZATION OF DAGHESTAN. TO THE 100 ANNIVERSARY OF THE FORMATION OF THE DAGHESTAN SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Elmira Murtuzalievna DALGAT
Keyword(s):  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
First Time

The article examines the two stages of modernization of Daghestan. The first one refers to the second half of the XIX - the beginning of the ХХ centuries, when the Daghestan region was formed and the Daghestan peoples for the first time found themselves within the framework of the one administrative unit. The influence of the reforms carried out by the tsarist authorities on the development of Daghestan is shown. The second Soviet modernization carried out a radical restructuring of the foundations of the traditional way of life of the Daghestan peoples. Shown are the achievements in the economy, culture and science during the existence of the Daghestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the 100th Anniversary of which is celebrated this year.

scholarly journals Ukrainianization of national opera theater

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Kateryna Vasylenko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Republic ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
National Opera ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the article is to single out artistic and organizational peculiarities of opera art of the period from the Ukrainian National Republic in the 1930s. To illuminate the role and importance of prerequisites and formation of Ukrainianization as a factor of formation of national opera culture in the first half of XX century. The methodology lies in the application of comparativist and comparative-historical methods, which allowed to highlight and compare the period, researched, from its beginning to the extreme years. Allowed to characterize historical events with a retrospective distance of a century. The scientific novelty consists of incomprehension of the influence of Ukrainianization on opera art in Ukraine. For the first time, the Ukrainianization of the culture of the population from the time of the UPR to the appearance of the very concept of "Ukrainianization", which appeared after the formation of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, is considered in detail. Conclusions. Through the analysis of scientific publications, monographs, and archival sources we can determine the approaches and formation of the policy of "Ukrainianization" of opera art in the first half of the twentieth century. There is a possibility to compare the "Ukrainization" of the national opera art in the period of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic.

scholarly journals ON THE MATTER OF THE WAGES OF FOREIGN PRISONERS OF WAR ON UDMURT ENTERPRISES IN 1942–1948

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
D. V. Perevoshchikov
Keyword(s):  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
First Time ◽  
Research Studies

The current research studies the wages of foreign prisoners of war (P.O.W.s) who worked in the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1942–1948. The paper contains the information about the pays to the P.O.W.s were transferred from the funds of the enterprises where they worked. The article analyses the level of P.O.W. wages, the dependence of the wages from the labour activities and the bonus that the P.O.W.s received for good performance. The paper contains the data on the average level of P.O.W. wages in Izhevsk and lists the kinds of labour activities where the P.O.W.s received the highest wages. The research is based on archival documents, most of which were involved in the scientific use for the first time.It is highly unlikely that the P.O.W.s who were in Udmurtia in 1945–1948 starved since they could use their wages to buy additional provisions in the camp stalls and town shops.

scholarly journals 1941 (pre-war half-year period): changes in the NKVD structure of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
V. A. Grechenko
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
First Time

1941 is a landmark in the history of the world in the whole and Ukraine in particular. The absolute attention of the historical scientific community is concentrated on the events associated with the beginning of the Soviet-German war. Therefore, a very small number of publications is focused on the pre-war half-year period of 1941. However, the reorganization of the NKVD continued during this period aiming at adapting its activities to new tasks. The study of controversial pages of law enforcement agencies at this time is important for the reproduction of an objective picture of its activity, for the establishment of historical truth. The author of the publication has studied the transformations in the structure of the NKVD of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic during the first pre-war half-year period of 1941. The structural changes in the NKVD of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the first half of 1941 have been researched for the first time; the leadership of the regional departments of the NKVD of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the mentioned period has been specified and summarized; provisions on the role and tasks of the units on combating banditism have gained further development. It has been demonstrated that there were rather significant changes concerning the separation of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs into two parts in the first half-year period of 1941 in the structure of the NKVD of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in accordance with the model of the NKVD of the USSR. One of them had to deal directly with state security, and the creation of appropriate departments in the regions and districts. Transformations were also associated to the establishment of the Main Office for Combating Banditism and relevant departments and field offices. The essence of these changes has been analyzed; it has been demonstrated how new units of militia were created, in particular agencies on combating banditism. The data on the leadership of the NKVD of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and its regional departments have been systematized; the functions of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs, departments and divisions on combating banditism have been highlighted. The author believes that the intensification of attention on this issue was largely due to the mainstreaming the activities of the nationalist underground in Western Ukraine.

scholarly journals PEOPLE ‘S COMMISSARIAT FOR EDUCATION OF THE CHUVASH ASSR IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1920s: LEGAL BASIS OF ACTIVITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Maleka N. Gasanova ◽  
Elena K. Mineeva
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Academic Center ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
First Time

The article characterizes the statutory and regulatory enactments that determined the activities of the People’s Commissariat for Education of the Chuvash ASSR in the second half of the 1920s. The most important among them were the “General Regulations on the People’s Commissariats of the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic” (November, 1925) and the “Regulations on the People’s Commissariat for Education of the Chuvash ASSR” (May, 1929). The functions of the People’s Commissariat for Education are shown to include not only the problems of improving the state of affairs at all levels of education in the republic, but many issues related to the population’s social welfare, the development of science and culture as well. The main attention in the article is focused on showing the structure of the People’s Commissariat for Education as a special body of state power, whereas previously the scientific literature mainly covered the specific results of the activities performed by the People’s Commissariat for Education, when it was mentioned mainly in connection with adoption of a certain resolution on public education. The article considers the matters of separate structural subdivisions of the People’s Commissariat for Education of the Chuvash ASSR, including the organizational and planning part, the Academic Center, the supervisors. On the basis of documents from the funds of the State Historical Archive of the Chuvash Republic which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, general trends of changes in the organizational structure of the People’s Commissariat for Education in the second half of the 1920s are traced. It is concluded that there were significant problems with personnel replacement of full-time positions in the period under review, which was mainly explained by two reasons: low wages and a general shortage of qualified workers in the necessary areas of work. The personnel problem negatively affected implementation of tasks faced by the People’s Commissariat for Education.

Resettlement Processes in the Ukrainian SSR during the Holodomor (1932–34)

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-99
Author(s):  
Olesia Rozovyk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Power ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Federative Socialist Republic

This article, based on archival documents, reveals resettlement processes in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1932–34, which were conditioned by the repressive policy of the Soviet power. The process of resettlement into those regions of the Soviet Ukraine where the population died from hunger most, and which was approved by the authorities, is described in detail. It is noted that about 90,000 people moved from the northern oblasts of the Ukrainian SSR to the southern part of the republic. About 127,000 people arrived in Soviet Ukraine from the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) and the western oblasts of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). The material conditions of their residence and the reasons for the return of settlers to their previous places of inhabitance are described. I conclude that the resettlement policy of the authorities during 1932–34 changed the social and national composition of the eastern and southern oblasts of Ukraine.

PARTICIPATION OF UZBEK SOLDIERS IN THE LIBERATION OF THE BALTIC STATES

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Ilkhomjon M. Saidov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Soviet Historiography

The article is devoted to the participation of natives of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic in the Baltic operation of 1944. The author states that Soviet historiography did not sufficiently address the problem of participation of individual peoples of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War, and therefore their feat remained undervalued for a long time. More specifically, according to the author, 40–42% of the working age population of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. Such figure was typical only for a limited number of countries participating in the anti-fascist coalition. Analyzing the participation of Soviet Uzbekistan citizens in the battles for the Baltic States, the author shows that the 51st and 71st guards rifle divisions, which included many natives of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, were particularly distinguished. Their heroic deeds were noted by the soviet leadership – a number of Uzbek guards were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In addition, Uzbekistanis fought as part of partisan detachments – both in the Baltic States, Belarus, Ukraine, the Western regions of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and Moldova. Many Uzbek partisans were awarded the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War” of I and II degrees.

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