X-ray analysis of the technological quality of silicocalcium

Zinc sulfate is the main component in the composition of the acidic zinc plating electrolyte. Deviation in the electrolyte composition from the optimum content leads to destabilization of the electrolysis process and deteriorate the quality of the resulting zinc coating. The proper quality of a zinc coating obtained by galvanic deposition can be ensured only with timely monitoring and adjustment of the electrolyte composition. A technique of X-ray fluorescence determination of zinc (in terms of zinc sulfate) in an acidic zinc plating electrolyte is proposed. The study was carried out using an ARL Quant’X energy dispersive spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) with a semiconductor silicon-lithium detector. The features of the spectrometer design are presented. The optimal parameters of excitation and detection of zinc radiation were specified when the electrolyte sample was diluted 1:1000. The ZnKα1 line was used as an analytical line. The plotted calibration graph is linear, the correlation coefficient being 0.999234. The results of zinc determination according to the developed method were compared with the data of the reference method of complexometric titration to prove the reliability of the procedure. The results are characterized by good convergence and accuracy. The proposed method of X-ray fluorescence zinc determination in a zinc plating electrolyte equals complexometric titration in the limiting capabilities and even exceeds the latter in terms of the simplicity of sample preparation and rapidity. The developed method of X-ray fluorescence determination of zinc is implemented in analysis of the electrolyte used in the continuous galvanizing unit at «METSERVIS LLC».

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Counterfeit Parts Recognition and Detection for Failure Analysts

ISTFA 2010: Conference Proceedings from the 36th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2010p0364 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Katherine V. Whittington

Keyword(s):

Thermal Cycle ◽

Visual Inspection ◽

Acoustic Microscopy ◽

Scanning Acoustic Microscopy ◽

3D Measurement ◽

X Ray ◽

Wide Range ◽

Electronic Parts ◽

Testing Awareness

Abstract The electronics supply chain is being increasingly infiltrated by non-authentic, counterfeit electronic parts, whose use poses a great risk to the integrity and quality of critical hardware. There is a wide range of counterfeit parts such as leads and body molds. The failure analyst has many tools that can be used to investigate counterfeit parts. The key is to follow an investigative path that makes sense for each scenario. External visual inspection is called for whenever the source of supply is questionable. Other methods include use of solvents, 3D measurement, X-ray fluorescence, C-mode scanning acoustic microscopy, thermal cycle testing, burn-in technique, and electrical testing. Awareness, vigilance, and effective investigations are the best defense against the threat of counterfeit parts.

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OSTEOPOROSIS AND RISK FACTORS IN THE PATIENTS ON CHRONIC HEMODIALYSIS

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2014.6.7 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 50-58

Author(s):

Thi Dung Nguyen ◽

Tam Vo

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Bone Density ◽

Region Of Interest ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chronic Hemodialysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

X Ray ◽

Density Reduction

Background: The patients on hemodialysis have a significantly decreased quality of life. One of many problems which reduce the quality of life and increase the mortality in these patients is osteoporosis and osteoporosis associated fractures. Objectives: To assess the bone density of those on hemodialysis by dual energy X ray absorptiometry and to examine the risk factors of bone density reduction in these patients. Patients and Method: This is a cross-sectional study, including 93 patients on chronic hemodialysis at the department of Hemodialysis at Cho Ray Hospital. Results: Mean bone densities at the region of interest (ROI) neck, trochanter, Ward triangle, intertrochanter and total neck are 0.603 ± 0.105; 0.583 ± 0.121; 0.811 ± 0.166; 0.489 ± 0.146; 0.723 ± 0.138 g/cm2 respectively. The prevalences of osteoporosis at those ROI are 39.8%, 15.1%; 28%; 38.7%; and 26.9% respectively. The prevalences of osteopenia at those ROI are 54.8%; 46.3%; 60.2%; 45.2% and 62.7% respectively. The prevalence of osteopososis in at least one ROI is 52.7% and the prevalence of osteopenia in at least one ROI is 47.3%. There are relations between the bone density at the neck and the gender of the patient and the albuminemia. Bone density at the trochanter is influenced by gender, albuminemia, calcemia and phosphoremia. Bone density at the intertrochanter is affected by the gender. Bone density at the Ward triangle is influenced by age and albuminemia. Total neck bone density is influenced by gender, albuminemia and phosphoremia. Conclusion: Osteoporosis in patients on chronic hemodialysis is an issue that requires our attention. There are many interventionable risk factors of bone density decrease in these patients. Key words: Osteoporosis, DEXA, chronic renal failure, chronic hemodialysis

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Considerations of the technological quality assessment of sugarbeet

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si11041 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 85-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giorgio Pezzi

Keyword(s):

Quality Parameters ◽

Northern Italy ◽

Glucose Content ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Interesting Correlation ◽

Technological Quality ◽

Thick Juice

No real improvement in the technological quality of beet has been recorded over the last 15 years in Northern Italy. Among the possible explanations for the quality stagnation is that the traditional formulae cannot correctly differentiate between sugarbeet varieties which produce thick juice of very high purity. This seems to be connected with the role of potassium. The use of a standard purification procedure gives reliable and accurate data which is immediately comparable with the factory data. Research projects on medium/long term storage are currently being performed by Co.Pro.B., Italy, in cooperation with Syngenta and Beta. Up to now the results have shown that storage of sugarbeet in autumn time in northern Italy is possible provided that suitable varieties and proper handling of the roots are employed. Results obtained in the storage trials are reported. Correlations have been found between quality parameters (purity, color and lime salts) of the purified juice with the glucose content of the raw juice. An interesting correlation is reported between purified juice purity and raw juice purity.

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Quality of beef diaphragm meat in naturally occurring Sarcocystic infection in cattle

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/89/2017-cjfs ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 378-385

Author(s):

Vytautas Januskevicius ◽

Grazina Januskeviciene ◽

Gintare Zaborskiene

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

E Coli ◽

Noticeable Increase ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Infected Meat ◽

Technological Quality ◽

Meat Samples

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible harmful effect of Sarcocystis parasites on bovine diaphragm meat quality. Meat samples were collected from 120 bulls aged 20–24 months. Meat quality was investigated using microbiological and physico-chemical (RP-HPLC, GC) methods 48 hours after slaughter. Sarcocystis infection was associated with increased fat content, lightness L* and drip loss, and decreased ash and protein percentages. Infection also had a significant effect on the amount of amino acids (AAs), which slowly decreased as the number of sarcocysts increased. The total amount of AAs correlated with glutamic acid content (R = 0.966, P < 0.05). Heavily infected samples contained significantly lower amounts of putrescine, histamine, spermine and spermidine (P < 0.05) and<br /> a noticeable increase in the total count of aerobic microorganisms, but no change in the numbers of E. coli and coliform bacteria in comparison with no infected samples. Sarcocysts in beef diaphragms did not cause serious changes in the technological quality of the meat, but the biological quality of infected meat was reduced.

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Effect of the Application Date of Fertilizer Containing Silicon and Potassium on the Yield and Technological Quality of Sugar Beet Roots

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020370 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 370

Author(s):

Arkadiusz Artyszak ◽

Dariusz Gozdowski ◽

Alicja Siuda

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Water Shortage ◽

The European Union ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Technological Quality

Water shortage and drought are a growing problem in Europe. Therefore, effective methods for limiting its effects are necessary. At the same time, the “field to fork” strategy adopted by the European Commission aims to achieve a significant reduction in the use of plant protection products and fertilizers in the European Union. In an experiment conducted in 2018–2020, the effect of the method of foliar fertilization containing silicon and potassium on the yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots was assessed. The fertilizer was used in seven combinations, differing in the number and time of application. The best results were obtained by treating plants during drought stress. The better soil moisture for the plants, the smaller the pure sugar yield increase was observed. It is difficult to clearly state which combination of silicon and potassium foliar application is optimal, as their effects do not differ greatly.

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X-ray diffraction analysis of kaolin M1 and M2 via the Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods

Journal of Chemical Research ◽

10.1177/1747519820984729 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174751982098472

Author(s):

Lalmi Khier ◽

Lakel Abdelghani ◽

Belahssen Okba ◽

Djamel Maouche ◽

Lakel Said

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

High Temperature ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Diffraction Analysis ◽

Mechanical Resistance ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Integral Breadth ◽

X Ray ◽

Mullite Phase

Kaolin M1 and M2 studied by X-ray diffraction focus on the mullite phase, which is the main phase present in both products. The Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods for determining the crystallite size and microstrains of integral breadth β are calculated by the FullProf program. The integral breadth ( β) is a mixture resulting from the microstrains and size effect, so this should be taken into account during the calculation. The Williamson–Hall chart determines whether the sample is affected by grain size or microstrain. It appears very clearly that the principal phase of the various sintered kaolins, mullite, is free from internal microstrains. It is the case of the mixtures fritted at low temperature (1200 °C) during 1 h and also the case of the mixtures of the type chamotte cooks with 1350 °C during very long times (several weeks). This result is very significant as it gives an element of explanation to a very significant quality of mullite: its mechanical resistance during uses at high temperature remains.

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Mobility and Bioavailability of Metal(loid)s in a Fluvial System Affected by the Mining and Industrial Processing of Pb

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences11040167 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 167

Author(s):

Unai Cortada ◽

María Carmen Hidalgo ◽

Julián Martínez ◽

María José de la Torre

Keyword(s):

Total Concentration ◽

Rare Metal ◽

Mining District ◽

X Ray ◽

Industrial Processing ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Mobile Fraction ◽

Type Water ◽

The Impact

The abandoned mining district of Linares (South Spain) is marked with waste from the mining and the processing of metal ores that pose an environmental hazard to watercourses. A combined analysis of waste, sediments and water was carried out to analyse the impact of a smelter on Baños Creek. The composition of the facility waste was determined using X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. The total contents of the metal(loid)s in the waters and sediments of the watercourse were analysed, and sequential metal(loid) extraction of solid samples was carried out. The facility wastes consisted mainly of secondary minerals, such as natropharmacosiderite and spertiniite, as well as rare metal salts, such as mopungite and NaPb2(CO3)2(OH). The leachates generated by these wastes were highly alkaline, with a pH of 10 and a total dissolved solids concentration of approximately 9 g L−1. This Na-bicarbonate-type water had an As concentration above 200 mg L−1 and elevated levels of Pb, Sb and Zn (5029 µg L−1, 841 µg L−1 and 525 µg L−1, respectively). This highly contaminated lixiviate had a significant effect on the chemical quality of the waters and the bioavailability of metal(loid)s in the creek sediments, especially in the headwaters. In this zone, the As, Pb, Sb and Zn concentrations in the most mobile fraction of the sediments reached 1035 mg kg−1, 261 mg kg−1, 45 mg kg−1 and 30 mg kg−1, respectively. By comparison, smelter slag and mining waste have a much lower impact on the waters and the mobile fraction of the sediments, while significantly increasing the total concentration of these potentially toxic elements in creek sediments.

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Automated evaluation of the surface point quality in dimensional X-ray computed tomography

tm - Technisches Messen ◽

10.1515/teme-2019-0116 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 111-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andreas Michael Müller ◽

Lorenz Butzhammer ◽

Florian Wohlgemuth ◽

Tino Hausotte

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Surface Point ◽

Random Measurement Error ◽

X Ray ◽

Random Measurement ◽

Automated Evaluation ◽

Dimensional Measurements ◽

X Ray Computed ◽

Model Measurement

AbstractX-ray computed tomography (CT) enables dimensional measurements of numerous measurands with a single scan, including the measurement of inner structures. However, measurement artefacts complicate the applicability of the technology in some cases. This paper presents a methodology to assess the surface point quality of computed tomography measurements without the requirement of a CAD model. Measurement artefacts lowering the surface point quality can therefore automatically be detected. The correlation of quality values with the random measurement error is demonstrated. The presented method can in principle be used to weight single fit points to reduce the measurement uncertainty of CT measurements.

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