Lethal Effects of Calotropis procera Leaves Extract on Mosquito Larvae

Calotropis procera, is a medicinal plant that is widely reported to have antibacterial, antiparasitic, larvicidal and insecticidal properties. This study is aimed at evaluating the larvicidal potentials of C. procera on mosquito larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The plant leaves were collected locally and extracted using petroleum ether as solvent. Four varying concentrations were made using dilution method to test larvicidal activity on 4th instar larva of the aforementioned species of mosquito. It was observed that the plant extract was lethal against both species of mosquito. The results also showed that mortality of the mosquito larvae increased as the concentration of the extract increases. Furthermore, probit analysis of the results shows that the median lethal concentration LC50 of C. procera extract on Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus are 0.116mg/ml and 0.249 respectively. This means that Culex quinquefasciatus is more susceptible to the plant extracts. It is evident from this study that C. procera has larvicidal properties that can be considered in the production of an affordable plant based larvicide. Since C. procera is known to naturally grow in the wild; it will therefore require lesser resources to be cultivated domestically. We recommend that further studies should be conducted on the plant to explore its full potential.

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The Toxicity of Srikaya Seed Granules (Annona squamosa L.) with Different Heating Temperatures Against the Larva of Aedes aegypti L.

BIOEDUKASI ◽

10.19184/bioedu.v18i1.15683 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Rima Gloria Purwanto ◽

Dwi Wahyuni ◽

Joko Waluyo

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Heating Temperature ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Mosquito Larvae ◽

Annona Squamosa ◽

Forest Region ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lower Temperature

Abstract: Aedes aegypti L. is a mosquito carrying dengue virus that causes dengue fever, especially in Southeast Asia which is a tropical rain forest region which is a habitat for mosquito growth. Aedes aegypti L. mosquito control is carried out by chemical means of fogging and using abate but this control actually causes Aedes aegypti L. mosquitoes to become resistant or immune to chemical drugs so that a new breakthrough is created by making bioinsecticides biologically to eradicate the Aedes aegypti L. mosquito. with characteristics that are environmentally friendly and do not kill non-target animals and cause the Aedes aegypti L. mosquito not to become resistant. To be able to realize this desire so that the sugar cane granules extract of Annona squamosa L. containing active compounds in the form of annonain and squamosin so that they are toxic to Aedes aegypti L. mosquito larvae. Further research is to test the heating temperature level of the granules of Annona squamosa L. extract temperature of 40 ° C and 60 ° C which is more deadly of Aedes aegypti L. mosquito larvae. This research method uses a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The temperature of 60 ° C uses concentrations of 1 ppm, 6 ppm, 12 ppm, 18 ppm, 24 ppm and 30 ppm. As for the temperature of 40 ° C using concentrations of 1 ppm, 7 ppm, 14 ppm, 21 ppm, 28 ppm, and 35 ppm, each temperature compared with aquadest and abate. Data analyzed using probit analysis to determine the LC50, then followed by a statistical test paired sample T-test with SPSS to find out a significant difference between heating temperatures of 40 ° C to 60 ° C. These results then show that a higher temperature of 60 ° C has a higher level of toxicity compared to a lower temperature of 40 ° C.

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The effect of coexistence between larvae of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus on larvicidal efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis

East Africa Science ◽

10.24248/easci-d-20-00011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 77-85

Author(s):

Yahya A. Derua ◽

Eliningaya J. Kweka ◽

William N. Kisinza ◽

Guiyun Yan ◽

Andrew K. Githeko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Anopheles Gambiae ◽

Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽

Significant Variation ◽

General Trend ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Mosquito Larvae ◽

Breeding Habitats ◽

Larval Bioassay

Background: The efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) is affected by several factors including the species of the mosquito. Mosquito larvae of different species are found to coexist in larval breeding habitats. This study evaluated whether the coexistence between Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus affect the larvicidal activity of Bti. Methods: Two parallel larval bioassay experiments were conducted to test A. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s) and C. quinquefasciatus larvae susceptibility to Bti. They were followed by three parallel bioassays in which A. gambiae s.s and C. quinquefasciatus larvae were mixed in different proportions such that the earlier species contributed three quarters, half and a quarter of the larvae in each testing cup respectively. In each bioassay, six Bti concentrations were tested in four replicates and repeated on three different days. Larvae mortality was scored 24 hours after application of Bti and subjected to Probit analysis. Results: C. quinquefasciatus was significantly more susceptible to Bti than A. gambiae s.s at both lethal concentration values (LC50 and LC95). In coexisting scenario, LC50 of Bti was significantly lower when the proportion of C. quinquefasciatus exceeded 50%. No significant variation in susceptibility to Bti was observed at LC95 in any proportion of coexistence between the two species. Conclusion: The findings show that larvae of C. quinquefasciatus were significantly more susceptible to Bti than those of A. gambiae s.s. Moreover, when larvae of the two species coexisted, there was a general trend of increase in sensitivity to Bti with higher proportion of C. quinquefasciatus. Although this increase in sensitivity of coexisting larvae to Bti is worth noting, our findings suggest that it will not impact larval control where A. gambiae s.s and C. quinquefasciatus coexist.

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Larvicidal Activity of Elytraria acaulis against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases ◽

10.18502/jad.v14i3.4563 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Soorya Sukumaran ◽

Rajan Maheswaran

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Human Beings ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Blood Sucking ◽

Leaf Powder ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Chemical Pesticides

Background: Mosquitoes are blood sucking arthropods and serve as vectors of many diseases causing serious health problems to human beings. Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti were responsible for Filariasis and Dengue. Synthetic pesticides were effective against mosquitoes as well as main sources of environmental pollution and most of them are immunosuppressant. Botanicals were widely used as insecticides, growth disruptors, repellents, etc. The aim of this research was to determine larvicidal properties of powdered leaf, Elytraria acaulis against late third or early fourth instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti. Methods: Larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti were tested at various concentrations of 100, 120, 140, 160, 180 and 200mg/100ml and mortality was recorded after 24h. The LC50 values of the E. acaulis leaf powder were calculated by Probit analysis. Results: The plant powder exhibited strong larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC50 value of 116.07mg/100ml against Ae. aegypti 124.25mg/100ml respectively. The result indicated that the plant powder of E. acaulis showed potential larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti. Conclusion: The overall findings of the present investigation suggested that the E. acaulis highly effective against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti larvae. Elytraria acaulis may be used as an alternative to synthetic chemical pesticides for control of vectors to reduce vector borne diseases and did not harm to total environment.

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Toxicity of Citrus mitis, Citrus aurantifolia, and Citrus maxima leaf extract toward mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae (Diptera: Culicidae)

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v3i6.1105 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Hamidah Hamidah ◽

Hebert Adrianto

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Mosquito Larvae ◽

Citrus Aurantifolia ◽

Citrus Maxima ◽

Spss Software ◽

Significant Health

Dengue Fever is a significant health issue in Indonesia for it is always been found and unresolved since 1968. Dengue Fever is transmitted through mosquito (Aedes aegypti) bite. Resistance of mosquito larvae towards temephos as consequence of chemical larvicide consumption has been reported in several countries. One of safe and environmentally friendly efforts to control mosquito is by using herbal larvicide which produced from plants. This study examines methanol extract of Citrus mitis, Citrus aurantifolia, and Citrus maxima leaf toward mosquito larvae Ae. aegypti instar III for 24 hours. Data of larvae mortality is analyzed using probit analysis by SPSS software. The result shows that Citrus mitis has the highest toxicity with the lowest lethal concentrations (LC) that are LC50 = 1.547 ppm and LC90 = 3.328 ppm. It followed by Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus maxima respectively.Keywords: larvicide; Aedes aegypti; leaf extract; Citrus mitis; Citrus aurantifolia; Citrus maxima

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DAYA BUNUH EKSTRAK DAUN TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum L.) TERHADAP LARVA NYAMUK Aedes aegypti

Jurnal SainHealth ◽

10.51804/jsh.v2i1.176.36-39 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Setyo Dwi Santoso ◽

Abdul Chamid ◽

Dwi Viddi Kusuma Pratiwi

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Tomato Leaf ◽

Mosquito Larvae ◽

Extract Concentration ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a very dangerous disease, caused by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. One alternative to controlling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes is to use insecticides. But it would be much better if the insecticides used are natural and environmentally friendly, one of them by using Tomato Leaf Extract (Solanum lycopersicum l.). Tomato leaves contain chemical compounds class Alkaloids and Saponins and can serve as anti larvacide. This research is a laboratory experiment which aims to find out the effect of tomato leaf extract (Solanum lycopersicum L.) activity on the death of III instar larvae of Aedes aegypti mosquito. the effectiveness of samples on Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae by treatment of variation of extract concentration 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1% with repetition 2 times. In the results of research showed that the smallest concentration that can kill Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae is 0.6% at 16 hours and probit analysis showed that significance is 0,608 greater than intercept 0.003, it shows that the extract of tomato leaves affects the death of III instar larvae of Aedes aegypti mosquito.

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EKSPLORASI DAN UJI BIOLARVASIDA FRAKSI DAUN TANAMAN MARGA Annona TERHADAP LARVA NYAMUK Aedes aegypti DAN Culex quinquefasciatus

Journal of Biological Researches ◽

10.23869/bphjbr.6.2.20018 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 153

Author(s):

Hamidah Hamidah

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Experimental Method ◽

Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Lethal Concentration ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Annona Squamosa ◽

Random Design ◽

Annona Reticulata ◽

Third Instar Larvae

The research aim wants to know: (1) Lethal Concentration (LC90) leaves fraction of Annona muricata, Annona squamosal, and Annona reticulate that caused death of third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinguefasciatus. The experimental method was used in research with completely random design. Each concentration was replicated five times. After introducing bioassay was done, five concentration used at real bioassay. For knowing LC90 from leaves fraction of Annona muricata, Annona squamosa and Annona reticulata, the data was analyzed by probit analysis. The result from this research showed that LC90 of leaves fraction methanol of leaves fration methanol was the highest of Annona squamosa (404 ppm) and the lower LC90 was leaves fraction n.heksa Annona reticulata (1894 ppm).

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Pesticidal and Mosquitocidal Activities of Clausena excavata Burm. F. (Rutaceae) against Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) and Aedes aegypti L., Anopheles stephensi Liston, and Culex quinquefasciatus Say. (Diptera: Culicidae)

Advances in Zoology ◽

10.1155/2014/745015 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Mathivanan Thangarasu ◽

Krishnappa Kaliyamoorthy ◽

Elumalai Kuppusamy

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Anopheles Stephensi ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Agricultural Field ◽

Indian Medicinal Plant ◽

Potential Source ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the larvicidal and ovicidal activities of hexane, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract of Indian medicinal plant, Clausena excavata, at different concentrations against lepidopteran agricultural field pest, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Twenty-five early fourth instar larvae of S. litura and A. aegypti, An. stephensi and C. quinquefasciatus were exposed to various concentrations and were assayed in the laboratory by using specific protocols. The 24 h LC50 and LC90 values of the C. excavata leaf extract was determined by probit analysis. The ovicidal activity were determined against S. litura and A. aegypti, An. stephensi, and C. quinquefasciatus and was assessed 120 hrs after treatment. Results of this study show that the selected Indian medicinal plant C. excavata may be a potential source of natural larvicidal and ovicidal activities against selected pest and vector mosquitoes.

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EFFECTIVITY OF EXTRACT LEAF, FRUIT, ROOT MANGROVE Avecennia marina ON Aedes aegypti

Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.31258/ajoas.2.3.206-213 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 206-213

Author(s):

Eti Eriani ◽

Irwan Effendi ◽

Dessy Yoswaty

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Experimental Method ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Lethal Concentration ◽

Mosquito Larvae ◽

Mangrove Plants ◽

Mangrove Root ◽

Lethal Time

Inhibiting the life of the Aedes aegypti mosquito is the mian way that is done to eradicate DBF, which is popularly done by chemically synthetic insecticides can be used air pollution and poisoning of humans so it needs safer natural incecticides such as compounds derived from mangrove plants. Mangrove Avecennia marina contains saponis, flavonoids, and alkaloids can act as stomach poisons resulting in larval death. The study was conducted in Februari-Maret 2019. The purpose of the study was to deteremine the efectiveness of extracts of leaves, fruit Avecennia marina mangrove root that quickly inhibit the growth of Aedes aegypyi larvae. The method used was the experimental method, the location of the research sample taking in Kayu Ara Village, Siak Riau Province. Results showed the mangrove leaves at a concentration of 12% mosquito larvae deaths reached 99 tails in the 120th minute, results showed the mangrove fruit at a concentration of 12% mosquito larvae deaths reached 96 tails in the 120th minute, Results showed the mangrove root at a concentration of 12% mosquito larvae deaths reached 85 tails in the 120th minute, analyzed using probit analysis to obtain LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50) and LT50 (Lethal Time 50) values. The LC50 probit analysis velue is estimate leaves 2.721, estimate fruit 1.584 dan estimate root 1,232. Whereas at LT50 estimate leaves 2.841, fruit 1.579, root 1.115.

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Potensi Larvasida dari Ekstrak Daun Jeruk Bali Citrus maxima terhadap dan Aedes aegypti dan Culex quinquefasciatus

Jurnal Vektor Penyakit ◽

10.22435/vektorp.v12i1.280 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Hebert Ardianto ◽

Arif Nur Muhammad Anshori ◽

Hamidah Hamidah

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Lethal Concentration ◽

Mosquito Larvae ◽

Citrus Maxima ◽

The Dead

Abstract The used of chemical insecticides for mosquito control has caused resistance in themosquito populations. The aims of this study are to find out Lethal Concentration of non-polarextract from pomelo (Citrus maxima) leaf against mosquito larvae after 24 hoursexposure. Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae were tested in the study A.Larvicidal assay was using 20 larvae for each concentration in 100 ml solution with 5replications. The non-polar extract was tested at concentrations of 0 ppm, 500 ppm, 1375ppm, 2250 ppm, 3125 ppm, and 4000 ppm. The number of larvae mortality wasdetermined after 24 hours exposure. The dead larvae were counted and the data wasanalyzed using probit analyze. The results showed that non-polar extract from Citrusmaxima Leaf has potential larvicidal, LC90 = 880 ppm for mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae, LC90 = 408 ppm for mortality of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae, the non-polar extract is more toxic against Culex quinquefasciatus than Aedes aegypti larvae. The non-polar extract from pomelo (Citrus maxima) leaf has the potential of being developed aslarvicides for mosquito control. Abstrak Penggunaan insektisida kimia untuk mengontrol nyamuk dapat menyebabkanresistensi pada populasi nyamuk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukannilai Konsentrasi Letal (LC90 ) ekstrak non polar daun jeruk bali (Citrus maxima) terhadap nyamuk setelah 24 jam. Larva yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalahlarva Aedes aegypti dan Culex quinquefasciatus. Kematian larva dihitung setelah 24 dan 48 jam.Uji larvasida menggunakan 20 ekor larva untuk setiap konsentrasi di dalam 100ml larutan ekstrak dengan lima replikasi. Ekstrak non polar diuji dengan konsentrasi 0ppm, 500 ppm, 1.375 ppm, 2.250 ppm, 3.125 ppm, dan 4.000 ppm. Angka kematianlarva dihitung setelah 24 jam paparan. Data dihitung dan dianalisa dengan analisisprobit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak non polar daun Citrus maximaberpotensi sebagai larvasida, Nilai LC90 = 880 ppm untuk kematian larva nyamuk Aedesaegypti, Nilai LC90 = 408 ppm untuk kematian larva nyamuk Culex quinquefasciatus, Ekstrak non polar lebih toksik terhadap larva Culex quinquefasciatus daripada larva Aedes aegypti. Ekstrak non polar dari daun Citrus maxima memiliki potensi untukdikembangkan sebagai larvasida untuk pengendalian nyamuk.

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TOKSISITAS LARVASIDA FRAKSI POLAR DAN NON POLAR HERBA ECLIPTA ALBA HASSK TERHADAP LARVA NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI LINN

Journal of Biological Researches ◽

10.23869/bphjbr.5.1.19996 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 43-47

Author(s):

Hamidah Hamidah ◽

Rosmanida Rosmanida ◽

Darmawati Darmawati

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Mosquito Larva ◽

Instar Larva ◽

Polar Fraction ◽

Mosquito Larvae ◽

Chemical Insecticide ◽

General Technique ◽

Eclipta Alba ◽

Environment Quality ◽

Toxicity Effect

Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever is a disease caused by virus and spread out by mosquitoes. Until now Aedes aegypti is thought as important vector in spreading procces of this disease. The general technique with synthetic chemical insecticide used to control density of mosquito population but this way causes the resistence of insect target, kill the untarget insect, and disturbs the environment quality. Due this problem, insecticide from plant is one of alternative such as Eclipta alba (Urang aring). The research aimed to distinguish toxicity larvacida degree between the polar fraction and non polar herba Eclipta alba to the growth of mosquito larva of Aedes aegypti. The experimental method applied with the complete random design used in this research. Each treatment to mosquito larvae of Aedes aegypti had replications and the data was analyzed of Variance (ANOVA). The result showed that non polar fraction has the higher toxicity effect compared with the polar fraction. The concentration of LC non polar fraction 319.1826 ppm50, and concentration LC50 polar fraction is 1033.888 ppm and instar larva change of non polar fraction give higher elimination than polar fraction, non polar is 24 percent from population has change into IV instar and non polar 45 percent.

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