scholarly journals Institutional Structure of Corporations (the Case of Large Russian Corporations)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
D. A. Pletnev ◽  
◽  
E. V. Kozlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Modern Corporation ◽  
Development Level

Modern corporation is the main form of social production but its activity and development still remain a largely underex-plored question. Economic theory predominantly relies on simplified approaches based on mathematical modeling to study cor-porations, which gives us little in-depth understanding of the essence of this phenomenon. On the other hand, applied research on corporations does not rise to the level of theoretically significant generalizations. This paper proposes the following theoretical and methodological approach to analyzing the phenomenon of corporation: we identify institutional elements in its structure — institutions and routines. We use the cases of the largest Russian companies to demonstrate the possibility of using this approach to analyze specific corporations and their aggregates. The paper describes nine different routines that structure corporate actors’ interactions based on social norms, coercion, and private interest. We also conduct an analysis of the official sites of Russian cor-porations and sites with employee feedback, which leads us to evaluating each institution’s development from the triad: coercion, assistance, and opportunism. We found a significant correlation between the development level of each corporation’s institutional structure and its efficiency (profitability of sales and capitalization growth rate).

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the emergence of land disputes and mechanisms for their settlement

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-53
Author(s):  
Anton Sergeevich Korotin ◽  
Vasilii Mikhailovich Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Land Dispute ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Forecasting Methods ◽  
Litigation Process ◽  
Land Disputes ◽  
Forecast Models

In the current legislation, the terms “land dispute” and “dispute on land” have no regulatory basis, which directly affects the growth rate in the number of court cases. The phrase “land dispute” or “dispute on land” is attributed to such concepts that require utmost clarity and understanding of the entire chain of the dispute process from the origin of conflict to its consequences, including normative legal consolidation of each step. The article examines “land dispute” from the perspective of multi-criteria integrator of issues in land matters, turning to the methodological approach towards addressing major problems. Analysis is conducted on the sources of the emergence of this conflict. The author concludes on incompleteness of a number of previously considered approaches and research methods, as well as formulates recommendations. It is also indicated that the dialectical method, implemented through systemic analysis, would allow forming forecast models of the “land dispute” based on more precise amount of information. The conducted research proves that solution to the problem of “land dispute” is yet to be worked through; as well as substantiates the need for extending the criteria for analyzing the problematic of this issue and transferring it from the rank of uncertainty to the rank of mathematical modeling as one of the forecasting methods. The article explores the prerequisites for the emergence of “land dispute” from the perspective of occurrence of the sources of errors as a criterion for advent of conflict for litigation process and the mechanisms for settling such situations, taking into account the minimization of their origin.

Structuralism as a Pamphlet (On the Book by E. Reinert “How Rich CountriesGot Rich... And Why Poor Countries Stay Poor”. 2nd ed.)

2014 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
P. Orekhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Increasing Returns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Static Theory ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Historical School ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Relationship

The review outlines the connection between E. Reinert’s book and the tradition of structural analysis. The latter allows for the heterogeneity of industries and sectors of the economy, as well as for the effects of increasing and decreasing returns. Unlike the static theory of international trade inherited from the Ricardian analysis of comparative advantage, this approach helps identify the relationship between trade, production, income and population growth. Reinert rehabilitates the “other canon” of economic theory associated with the mercantilist tradition, F. Liszt and the German historical school, as well as a reconside ration of A. Marshall’s analysis of increasing returns. Empirical illustrations given in the book reveal clear parallels with the path of Russian socio-economic development in the last twenty years.

Growth and Performance of Agriculture Sector in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh Singla ◽  
Mamandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Agricultural Labourers

The growth of agriculture and allied sectors is critical for the Indian economy as about 49 percent of the population is directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture. During the last decade and so, the agriculture sector has undergone profound changes resulting in sharp deceleration in its growth. The study has attempted to analyze growth and performance of the agriculture sector in India since 1980-81 and tries to comprehend some of the factors responsible for the deceleration in growth. The study has shown that agriculture sector has been able to show tremendous improvement in expansion of area and production of food grain and non-food grain crops. However, there are so many underlying factors responsible for slowdown of the agricultural growth. Some of the factors identified include: Increase in area under non-agriculture uses, excessive dependence on rain fed farming, increase in number of agricultural labourers, reducing size of the operation holdings, over use of agri-inputs, inequity in the distribution of agriculture credit along with sharp deceleration in public gross capital formation in agriculture etc. The study pointed in order to achieve higher growth rate, there is a need to enhance the gross capital formation in agriculture sector particularly on irrigation so that more area can be brought under assured irrigation. Bringing equity in distribution of agricultural credit coupled with judicious and need-based agricultural inputs are some of the other recommendations drawn based upon the study.

A polycentric growth model of gallium arsenide epitaxial layers from the gas phase with simultaneous diffusion, adsorption and chemical reaction

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 2995-3013
Author(s):  
Emerich Erdös ◽  
Jindřich Leitner ◽  
Petr Voňka ◽  
Josef Stejskal ◽  
Přemysl Klíma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gallium Arsenide ◽  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Surface Reaction ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Impact Interaction ◽  
Partial Pressures

For a quantitative description of the epitaxial growth rate of gallium arsenide, two models are proposed including two rate controlling steps, namely the diffusion of components in the gas phase and the surface reaction. In the models considered, the surface reaction involves a reaction triple - or quadruple centre. In both models three mechanisms are considered which differ one from the other by different adsorption - and impact interaction of reacting particles. In every of the six cases, the pertinent rate equations were derived, and the models have been confronted with the experimentally found dependences of the growth rate on partial pressures of components in the feed. The results are discussed with regard to the plausibility of individual mechanisms and of both models, and also with respect to their applicability and the direction of further investigations.

Doctrine and Dialectic in Plato’s Dialogues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachana Kamtekar
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Set Up

Chapter 1 lays out the methodological approach employed throughout the book, which is to pay attention to the dialectical dependence of what the main speaker in the dialogue says on the intellectual problem(s) set up in the dialogue both by himself and the other speakers. To illustrate, Chapter 1 describes Socrates’ use of the method of hypotheses from the Meno and Phaedo to answer questions that go beyond his claims to knowledge in the Republic.

scholarly journals Limitation of current probe design for oligo-cross-FISH, exemplified by chromosome evolution studies in duckweeds

Chromosoma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Phuong T. N. Hoang ◽  
Jean-Marie Rouillard ◽  
Jiří Macas ◽  
Ivona Kubalová ◽  
Veit Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Spirodela Polyrhiza

AbstractDuckweeds represent a small, free-floating aquatic family (Lemnaceae) of the monocot order Alismatales with the fastest growth rate among flowering plants. They comprise five genera (Spirodela, Landoltia, Lemna, Wolffiella, and Wolffia) varying in genome size and chromosome number. Spirodela polyrhiza had the first sequenced duckweed genome. Cytogenetic maps are available for both species of the genus Spirodela (S. polyrhiza and S. intermedia). However, elucidation of chromosome homeology and evolutionary chromosome rearrangements by cross-FISH using Spirodela BAC probes to species of other duckweed genera has not been successful so far. We investigated the potential of chromosome-specific oligo-FISH probes to address these topics. We designed oligo-FISH probes specific for one S. intermedia and one S. polyrhiza chromosome (Fig. 1a). Our results show that these oligo-probes cross-hybridize with the homeologous regions of the other congeneric species, but are not suitable to uncover chromosomal homeology across duckweeds genera. This is most likely due to too low sequence similarity between the investigated genera and/or too low probe density on the target genomes. Finally, we suggest genus-specific design of oligo-probes to elucidate chromosome evolution across duckweed genera.

scholarly journals The Consequences of Budding versus Binary Fission on Adaptation and Aging in Primitive Multicellularity

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Hanna Isaksson ◽  
Peter L. Conlin ◽  
Ben Kerr ◽  
William C. Ratcliff ◽  
Eric Libby
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binary Fission ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Accumulated Damage ◽  
Cell Age ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Early multicellular organisms must gain adaptations to outcompete their unicellular ancestors, as well as other multicellular lineages. The tempo and mode of multicellular adaptation is influenced by many factors including the traits of individual cells. We consider how a fundamental aspect of cells, whether they reproduce via binary fission or budding, can affect the rate of adaptation in primitive multicellularity. We use mathematical models to study the spread of beneficial, growth rate mutations in unicellular populations and populations of multicellular filaments reproducing via binary fission or budding. Comparing populations once they reach carrying capacity, we find that the spread of mutations in multicellular budding populations is qualitatively distinct from the other populations and in general slower. Since budding and binary fission distribute age-accumulated damage differently, we consider the effects of cellular senescence. When growth rate decreases with cell age, we find that beneficial mutations can spread significantly faster in a multicellular budding population than its corresponding unicellular population or a population reproducing via binary fission. Our results demonstrate that basic aspects of the cell cycle can give rise to different rates of adaptation in multicellular organisms.

scholarly journals Trust me; I know what I am doing investigating the effect of choice list elicitation and domain-relevant training on preference reversals in decision making for others

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Neumann-Böhme ◽  
Stefan A. Lipman ◽  
Werner B. F. Brouwer ◽  
Arthur E. Attema
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Practical Problem ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Preference Reversals ◽  
Health Domain ◽  
Economics Students ◽  
Financial Domain

AbstractOne core assumption of standard economic theory is that an individual’s preferences are stable, irrespective of the method used to elicit them. This assumption may be violated if preference reversals are observed when comparing different methods to elicit people’s preferences. People may then prefer A over B using one method while preferring B over A using another. Such preference reversals pose a significant problem for theoretical and applied research. We used a sample of medical and economics students to investigate preference reversals in the health and financial domain when choosing patients/clients. We explored whether preference reversals are associated with domain-relevant training and tested whether using guided ‘choice list’ elicitation reduces reversals. Our findings suggest that preference reversals were more likely to occur for medical students, within the health domain, and for open-ended valuation questions. Familiarity with a domain reduced the likelihood of preference reversals in that domain. Although preference reversals occur less frequently within specialist domains, they remain a significant theoretical and practical problem. The use of clearer valuation procedures offers a promising approach to reduce preference reversals.

POVERTY TRAPS AND INFERIOR GOODS IN A DYNAMIC HECKSCHER–OHLIN MODEL

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Bond ◽  
Kazumichi Iwasa ◽  
Kazuo Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Steady State ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Steady States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poverty Traps ◽  
Poverty Trap ◽  
Multiple Steady States ◽  
The World ◽  
State Capital

We extend the dynamic Heckscher–Ohlin model in Bond et al. [Economic Theory(48, 171–204, 2011)] and show that if the labor-intensive good is inferior, then there may exist multiple steady states in autarky and poverty traps can arise. Poverty traps for the world economy, in the form of Pareto-dominated steady states, are also shown to exist. We show that the opening of trade can have the effect of pulling the initially poorer country out of a poverty trap, with both countries having steady state capital stocks exceeding the autarky level. However, trade can also pull an initially richer country into a poverty trap. These possibilities are a sharp contrast with dynamic Heckscher–Ohlin models with normality in consumption, where the country with the larger (smaller) capital stock than the other will reach a steady state where the level of welfare is higher (lower) than in the autarkic steady state.

Direct Nucleation of Crystalline SiGe on Substrates by Reactive Thermal CVD with Si2H6 and GeF4

1997 ◽  
Vol 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumio Yoshizawa ◽  
Kunihiro Shiota ◽  
Daisuke Inoue ◽  
Jun-ichi Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Heterogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Homogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Gaseous Mixture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thermal Cvd ◽  
Initial Deposition

ABSTRACTPolycrystalline SiGe (poly-SiGe) film growth by reactive thermal CVD with a gaseous mixture of Si2H6 and GeF4 was investigated on various substrates such as Al,Cr, Pt, Si, ITO, ZnO and thermally grown SiO2.In Ge-rich film growth, SEM observation in the early stage of the film growth revealed that direct nucleation of crystallites took place on the substrates. The nucleation was governed by two different mechanisms: one was a heterogeneous nucleation on the surface and the other was a homogeneous nucleation in the gas phase. In the former case, the selective nucleation was observed at temperatures lower than 400°C on metal substrates and Si, where the activation of adsorbed GeF4 on the surface played a major role for the nuclei formation, leading to the selective film growth.On the other hand, the direct nucleation did not always take place in Si-rich film growth irrespective of the substrates and depended on the growth rate. In a growth rate of 3.6nm/min, the high crystallinity of poly-Si0.95Ge0.05in a 220nm-thick film was achieved at 450°C due to the no initial deposition of amorphous tissue on SiO2 substrates.

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