scholarly journals «CONSTITUTIO» OF GENEALOGICAL STRUCTURE OF UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ye. Pochukalin ◽  
O. V. Rizun ◽  
S. V. Priyma
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Native Breed ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Dairy Breed

The genealogical structure of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle has been represented by 12 tested and approved farm bloodlines, ancestors of which are Holstein bulls of red colour (Improver 333471, Hanover 1629391, Regal 352882, Nahit 300502, Inhancer 343514, Cavalier 1620273), Montbeliarde (Supreme 33470, Mayerdel 1599075, Dynamic 359742, Dairymen 1672325, Shevrey 6241) and Ayrshire (Don Juan 79601) breeds. Selection process ensures constant movement of lines and inheritance of some lines moves to historical and statistical work and is used for analysing the successful selection and the best combination, whereas, the other ones improve genetic value of economically useful traits of productivity in the next generations and, therefore, they are progressing and developing. Qualitative features of related groups by the breeding traits are a basis on which we should concentrate all the range of selection and breeding work at each stage of breed improvement because a line and a breed, in the classical sense, are inseparable concepts of a large conglomerate of a population, which has been created by many scientists and practitioners.  The aim of this work was to analyse the current state of genealogical structure of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed for the breeding stock and their belonging to breeds and lines. The materials of research for characteristics and analysis of genealogical structure of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle were breeding accounting data on the form №7-mol. In total the data for 74 breeding farms of 15 regions of Ukraine were used. Belonging to breeds, lines and data for assess by origin and progeny were determined on the basis of SUMS "Orsek", Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V. Zubets of National Academy of Agrarian Science of Ukraine. The availability of frozen semen of the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy bulls admitted to reproduce breeding stock was determined according to the annual catalogues for 2015 and 2016.2016. Modern genealogical structure of the breeding stock is formed due, in addition to Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed, Red Holstein, Jersey, Montbeliarde and Simmental breeds. The total number of females is 48,279 animals, including 24,264 cows and 24,015 heifers originating from 375 bulls. The share of Simmental bulls involved in the selection was 11% (42) with the number of 881 animals. The breeding stock from Holstein bulls (207) is 82%, whereas, the share of 101 bulls of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed is only 15%. Modern genealogical structure of the breeding stock is formed due, in addition to Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed, Red Holstein, Jersey, Montbeliarde and Simmental breeds. The total number of females is 48279 animals, including 24264 cows and 24015 heifers originating from 375 bulls. The share of Simmental bulls involved in the selection was 11% (42) with the number of 881 animals. The breeding stock from Holstein bulls (207) is 82%, whereas, the share of 101 bulls of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed is only 15%. Genealogical structure of breeding stock of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed has been represented by 15 bloodlines. The fewest (71 animals) was obtained from three bulls Magnet 1560362, Majority 1599069 and Maximus 297414. The 10%-share (4712 animals from 57 bulls) from the total number was genealogical structure of six approved farm bloodlines of the Ukrainian breed. For breeding evaluation of origin (pedigree index) 17 Holstein bulls had the average value – +27.6, including seven bulls with negative PI-595 and 10 bulls with positive PI + 463.5. For bulls of Simmental and native breeds, the indices were 6 (-122), 2 (+264), 4 (-315) and 12 (+587.8), 1 (-264) 11 (665) respectively. Discrepancy (2 of 35 investigated bulls) with the minimum requirements (30 first-calf heifers in 4 herds) concerning the evaluation of bulls by progeny makes impossible to obtain objective information about breeding value of bull. In our opinion, the factors which, can make a difference in the genealogical structure of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle are to increase the share of bloodlines of the native breed through catalogue of admitted bulls to reproduce breeding stock, which is compiled by the materials of pedigree enterprise of Ukraine. Based on materials of 2015, during the mating period 59 bulls of 15 bloodlines were involved, including 38 approved bulls which share of sperm was 84%. In 2016, the available frozen semen of bulls of the native breed decreased by 674.5 thousand doses which was 81% compared to presented one in 2015. Conclusions. Current genealogy of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle has the ramified system represented 42 Simmental bulls of 15 bloodlines, 207 Holstein bulls of 19 bloodlines, 101 native bulls of 15 bloodlines and two Jersey and Montbeliarde bulls. In modern realities of selection and breeding work, concern is widely use of Holstein sires in the reproduction of breeding stock of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy that each year minimizes the share (now about 10%) in the selection of approved bloodlines and "genetic identity of native breed". The perspective of involving bulls and with it the widespread use of the method of breeding by bloodlines in Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle is too illusory, whereas every year the availability of semen of the admitted bulls in sperm banks of Ukraine decreases (only the last year by 81%), and inability (with requirements) for the evaluation by progeny of those bulls which have already had pedigree index.

scholarly journals GENESIS AND PROSPECTS OF RED DAIRY CATTLE IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Gladiy ◽  
Yu. P. Polupan ◽  
I. V. Bazyshina ◽  
A. E. Pochukalyn ◽  
T. P. Koval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Dairy Breed

Ukrainian population of red dairy cattle is genetically active, its gene pool is significantly improved in each of the next generations, mainly due to artificial selection. Currently breeding structure of Ukrainian Red Dairy breed has the prospect of future expansion due to creating Podolian zonal type. Features of its formation are to use as the original breed, which being improved, Red Polish cattle. This breed, as Red Steppe cattle, was listed as a breed to preserve the gene pool under pure breeding. However, gene pool preservation of these breeds is impossible through lack of sufficient number of purebred bulls or their semen at breeding enterprises in Ukraine. The aim of our research was to study genesis and development prospects of red dairy cattle in Ukraine. Materials and methods of research. The materials of the research were the data of identifying breed composition of cattle in Ukraine by January 1, 2015, State Breeding List for 2005, 2010 and 2015, the electronic information database of leading breeding farms for 2007 and 2011 and database of bulls admitted to using during 2005, 2010 and 2015 of Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after M.V. Zubets of NAAS. Results. Currently the group of cows of red breeds is about 365 thousand head, including 97.9 thousand head concentrated in agricultural enterprises. The largest share of this group takes the Red Steppe cattle (84.5%), the smallest one –Ayrshire and Angler breeds (0.7-0.8%). In Ukraine, the total number of Ukrainian Red Dairy cattle is about 40 thousand head, including 21.4 thousand head of cattle concentrated in agricultural enterprises. The results of these annual reports have shown that the average milk yield of the group of cows of red breeds was 3328 kg of milk in 2001. Then milk yield increased with each subsequent studied period and reached the highest figure of 4681 kg in 2014. So, increasing milk yield of cows was by 1353 kg of milk or 29% during fourteen years (2001-2014). The number of breeding animals of Red Steppe, Red Polish, Ayrshire, and Ukrainian Red Dairy breeds significantly decreased in the controlled part of population during the past fourteen years. However, level of milk production and quality increased slightly, except for Red Polish breed. Thus, 4688 cows of Ukrainian Red Dairy breed had milk yield in 5981 kg and milk fat content in 3.88% according to the appraisal of 2014, whereas, in 2013, 4902 cows had milk yield in 5837 kg with milk fat content in 3.86%. Up to 90% of the realized genetic progress in large-scale breeding is provided by using proven bulls, resulting most current need is to restore the national system of selection and testing of sires. The results show that during the past ten years, the number of proven bulls, admitted to using within the red breeds decreased almost seven times with a simultaneous increase 2.2 times in breeding value. Among 410 proven bulls, admitted to using in 2005 (bulls which being tested by progeny), unreasonably disproportionate share was for Holstein sires – 245 (59.8%), whereas, the share of bulls of the red breeds – 13.7%. In 2010, 123 bulls (65.4%) were of Holstein breed and only 9 ones (4.8%) – of Ukrainian Red Dairy among 188 bulls, admitted to using. In 2014, a similar situation was observed; there were 93 bulls, admitted to using, including 48 ones (51.6%) of Holstein and only 3 ones (3.2%) of Ukrainian Red Dairy breed. Given the current state of livestock breeding base on all the red breeds (Red Steppe, Ukrainian Red Dairy, Angler, Red Polish) we developed possible options of parameters of large-scale breeding. During the planning period the number of the controlled cows of the red breeds (mainly Ukrainian Red Dairy cattle) should be significantly increased. Calculations show that in the first stage of the program available number of cows in breeding farms, even if 30% of cows allocated to mating with laid-off bulls, is less than a third of the minimum at pressure of selection among laid-off bulls 1: 4 by productivity of 50 daughters. At the end of the program it is planned to increase the pressure of selection among laid-off bulls to 1:5 under increase of the controlled livestock number to 43700 cows (nearly 4.4 times against currently available one) Conclusion. Our results showed that, the number of breeding farms, in which were bred red cattle, significantly declined and the livestock number also decreased whereas milk production increased during 2001-2015. The high level of genetic potential of Ukrainian Red Dairy cows indicates the presence of highest-yielding cows with yield more than 10 000 kg of milk. At the same time, such animals at breeding farms for breeding Red Polish, Steppe, Ayrshire and Angler cattle weren’t found. During the past ten years, the number of proven bulls of red breeds, admitted to using, decreased almost seven times with a simultaneous increase of breeding value in 2.2 times. Predominance of Holstein bulls remains indisputable on reliability of assessment of breeding value. It causes the biggest request and the widest offer on the market of semen from bulls of the breed. The actual destruction of domestic system of sires breeding caused significantly lower rate of repeatability of breeding values in bulls of the red breeds. This is a concern and threatens possible loss or significant restriction of the gene pool of red breeds.

scholarly journals Modeling for determining the superiority of Holstein bulls as frozen semen producer and genetic source for milk production

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Argiris ◽  
S. I. Santoso ◽  
Y. S. Ondho ◽  
E. Kurnianto
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Holstein Bulls

The objective of this study was to develop models for determination the superiority of Holstein bulls as a producer of frozen semen and inheritance of the genetic traits of milk production. The ability of the bull to produce frozen semen per years was analyzed descriptively. Reproductive efficiency of frozen semen in artificial insemination was calculated by service per conception (S/C). Estimation sire breeding value for milk production was calculated by contemporary comparison (CC) method. Model of superiority bulls was analyzed by Structural Equation Model with Partial Least Square method (SEM-PLS). Total average production of frozen semen was 23,109±14,970 doses/year. The average S/C was 2.83. The CC value ranged from -1,865.7 until +1,636.3. Potency of milk production resulted from lactation cow offspring per bulls ranged from 951,749.2 to 52,347,822.9 liters per year. The economic value of bulls based on the potency milk production of offspring ranges from IDR 4,758,745,999 to IDR 261,739,114,505. The superiority of bulls was affected significantly (P<0.05) by frozen semen production, reproductive efficiency and average milk production of daughter cows (DC) as much as 0.59, -0.53 and 0.33, respectively. In conclusion, the superiority of bull can be explained about 78.3% by the production of frozen semen production, reproductive efficiency and milk production of offspring.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY OF HOLSTEIN COWS OF EUROPEAN SELECTION OF DIFFERENT LINES UNDER INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Milostiviy ◽  
L. V. Karlova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Industrial Technology ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Breeding Work

Score productive longevity of dairy cattle is an important scientific and practical importance. It is known that among genetic factors, significant effects of linear affiliation of their parents. It is demonstrated that effective breeding subject to strict compliance with the screening system, selection and evaluation of animal breeding values reported by domestic and foreign authors. The purpose of the work was to study the influence of linear membership on productive longevity and lifetime milk productivity of Holstein cattle of European breeding. Studies carried out on cows Holstein breed using data management system dairy cattle breeding "Orsek". Found that targeted breeding work and selection in a herd of imported European cattle breeding Holstein using information systems selection bulls MAR company CRI meets the latest requirements of the ICAR and Subcommittee on the unified international assessment of manufacturers (Interbull) contributed to a change in the number of separate lines among the cows first generation. This has led to an increase in the percentage of manufacturers lines daughters Valiant 1650414.73, Starbuc  352790.79, as well as Cheef 1427381.62. on the basis of the desired economic-useful signs. It is established that the value of productive longevity of cows depending on linear conditioning averaged 3.1 ... 3.9 lactations. By this measure, the daughter of Starbuck's lines were superior animals Holstein breed other lines by the number of lactations: Chevalier – 0.1 or 2.6% (td = 0.25; P ≤ 0.95); Bell – 0.5 or 14.7% (td = 0.95; P ≤ 0.95); Valiant – at 0.8 or 25.8% (td = 1.52; P ≤ 0.95); Eleveyshn – 0.8 or 25.8% (td = 1.91; P ≤ 0.95); Cheef – 0.5 or 14.7% (td = 1.27; P ≤ 0.95). It has been proven that milk productivity and milk quality of the imported Holstein cows and their offspring of domestic generation attributable to linear. The highest lifetime yield of Holstein breed cows had Starbuck lines, which outnumbered their import contemporaries other lines: Chevalier – 2818.7 kg or 8.2% (td = 0.46; P ≤ 0.95); Bell – 3404.5 kg or 10.1% (td = 0.61; P ≤ 0.95); Valiant – 5553.8 kg or 17.5% (td = 1.26; P ≤ 0.95); Eleveyshn – 7368.9 kg or 24.6% (td = 1.78; P ≤ 0.95); Cheef – 5500.5 kg or 17.3% (td = 1.38; P ≤ 0.95). The father's genotype had a significant impact on the quality of the milk. It should be noted that cows Starbuck's line differed relatively high fat content in the milk. By this measure the superiority of animals this line over imported cows other lines: Chevalier – 0.5% (td = 2.38; P ≥ 0.95); Bell – 0.2% (td = 1.38; P ≤ 0.95); Valiant – 0.6% (td = 2.78; P ≥ 0.95); Eleveyshn – 0.4% (td = 3.23; P ≥ 0.99); Cheef - 0.2% (td = 1.44; P ≤ 0.95). However, large protein content in milk cows belonging to different lines of Bella, who on this indicator had superiority over animals other lines: Chevalier – 0.2% (td = 1.03; P ≤ 0.95); Starbuck – 0.1% (td = 0.59; P ≤ 0.95); Valiant – 0.5% (td = 2.31; P ≥ 0.95); Eleveyshn – 0.2% (td = 1.85; P ≤ 0.95); Cheef – 0.1% (td = 1.15; P ≤ 0.95). It should be noted that only the cows first generation Valiant lines and Eleveyshn marked positive relationship between life and the content of cows in milk fat and protein (r = +0.17 ... +0.40), which may indicate the possibility of holding breeding work to improve these symptoms. So in the breeding work it is advisable to use manufacturers of prominent lines that combine high breeding value on productivity of daughters with improving effect on the duration of their use. The results of the research show that the effective use of well-known manufacturers and imported Holstein breed brood in breeding work with dairy cattle of Ukraine. However, shortening the productive use of animals in conditions of industrial technology should serve as a stimulus to study and find ways to solve this problem.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF THE SITUATION IN SEEF «OLEKSANDRIVSKE» FOR BREEDING UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND ITS IMPROVING

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Kovalenko ◽  
S. V. Priyma ◽  
G. A. Holysa ◽  
A. V. Tuchyk ◽  
L. V. Marchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dairy Breed

Created Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle have a desirable level of reproductive and productive qualities.  These breeds are competing successfully with animals of the European selection, so comparative study of pedigree and productive qualities of animals at one of the farms has practical value. The studies were conducted in the herd of “Oleksandrivske” SE RF at the animals of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breeds of Vinnytsia region. The animals of both breeds were kept under the same technological conditions in housing for livestock. It was taken into account milk production (milk yield, fat content in milk and milk fat) for 305 days of lactation. Expert evaluation of the exterior of first-calf heifers has been conducted for 2015-2016. Assessment of type of body structure of cows was conducted on 100-point scale. Fatness of cows was determined on 5-point scale. The analysis of genealogies of 37 bulls which had progeny in the herd was conducted by breeding index, discharge of breeding values and milk production of ancestors. Milk production of the animals of the herd was more than 6000 kg of milk for 305 days of lactation. Comparing milk yields, it was found that the animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed dominated Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows of the same age. It is noteworthy that biological feature of cows to increasing milk yield with each subsequent lactation is positive. Thus, the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows after the second calving in comparison with the first calving increased milk yield by 380 kg and the animals after the third calving and older comparatively with the second one – by 425 kg more. Also the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows increased milk yield, respectively, by 348 and 358 kg. The average body measurements of the first-calf heifers were inferior by targeted parameters of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle from -0.3 cm (girth of metacarpus) to -7.8cm (height in the sacrum) in most cases.  The total number of points for type of body structure was 87.9 at the animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle and, respectively, 87.0 at the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows; it corresponds to the assessment "very good". This indicates the high estimation of individual parts of the exterior. The cows of the herd had the required fatness. The average of this trait at animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed was 3.0 points and at the cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle was respectively 3.4 points. The genealogical structure of the current herd of “Oleksandrivske” SERF consists of two female contingents. The animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle were derived from 18 bulls belonging to 8 bloodlines. Most of animals belong to R.O.R.Elevation 1491007 bloodline – 45.4%, H.H.Starbuck 352790 and P.F.A.Chief 1427381 bloodlines – 14.4%. Qualitative characteristic of bulls used for the female livestock of the herd, shows that in the vast majority they are valuable breeding bulls. However, it should be noted that there are progeny derived from bulls with low breeding value in the herd. Thus, bull Matrix Red 136549448 had SI-7 and H- and Trubadur 343643346 had SI-50 and H-. The use of bulls for female livestock of the herd with low breeding value is unacceptable for further breeding work. Expectation of improving the breeding traits in progeny from such fathers is unlikely. It is planned to accelerate the reproduction of valuable genotypes and increase the rate of genetic progress at the herd using embryos transplantation this year. Donors of embryos will be their own breeding resources. Using this method will make it possible to exclude from the selection process animals with exterior defects and low-yielding cows. The considered aspects of selective breeding work indicate prospects of using Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle. This applies particularly to increase of milk yield to 8000 kg and more per lactation. Bulls which will be used for breeding stock should have high rates of breeding values (SI +1000 and P4 and more). Especially it applies such features as fat content in milk and some exterior defects.

scholarly journals THE GENEALOGY RELATIONSHIP OF HOLSTEIN BULLS IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
T. A. Kruglyak
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Genealogical Relationship ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Maternal Side

The grades of genealogy relationship of bulls with the head of bloodlines are not equivalent in each genealogical formation and are stipulated by the number of animals (branching) in bloodline, their diversity, distance from the head of bloodlines and system of selection. Thus, the coefficients of kinship of bulls, descendants of which have 5 and more ranks in genealogy: 1427381 Chief (n = 79), 1650414 Valiant (n = 10) and Elevation 1491007 (n = 64) with the ancestors of these bloodlines were 5,67; 8,81 and 8,37% respectively. Slight higher coefficients of genealogical kinship of bulls with successors of Chief bloodlines – Blackstar 1929410 – by 2,28 (7,35%) and Belwood 2103297– by 1,67% (6,37%), due to the use of the last ones in the pedigrees of these bulls on the maternal side. Significantly higher coefficientsof genealogical kinship of bulls of Starbuck 352790 bloodlines (n = 112) were with the ancestor and successors of this bloodline. Thus, the coefficient of kinship of bulls of Starbuck bloodline with their ancestor was 13,4% and with successors Aerostar 383622 – 16,9%, Mtoto 6001001962 – 9,0%, Storm 6820564– 10,9% and Shottle 598172 – 9,8%. It was found that the highest coefficient of genealogical kinship was at the bulls of new lines and related groups Marshal 2290977 – 30,5; Toystory 60372887 – 18,5; Buckeye 130588960 – 14,8; Goldwyn 10705608 – 19,1; Shottle 598172 – 25,1%. This is because the offspring were at 1-2 generations from their founders. The high interline genealogical kinship of bulls was revealed. Thus, the coefficient of genealogical kinship of bulls of all the bloodlines with progenitor of Starbuck 352790 bloodlines was 0,96-13,4 and with his son Aerostar 383622 – 2,9-16,9%. Average degrees of kinship of bulls of all the population with these leaders of the breed were also quite high (8,16 and 11,42% respectively). This shows the great saturation of pedigree of all the Holstein bulls bygenes of Starbuck 352790, Aerostar 383622 and Elevation 1491007, which complicates scheduling the breeding selection even at crossing bloodlines because ancestors of the same bulls of several lines are in pedigree of animals of each bloodline. This explains increasing inbred cows in the latest generation of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle to 71,3-91,3%. Perhaps for restraining growth of the number of inbred cows, US experts prolong duration of hereditary qualities transmissionof a founder in generations by creating so-called "inbred" lines. To do this, for carefully selected mothers of bulls with high levels of economic useful traits (yield, fat and protein contents) of some line are selected bull-leaders of the same line with similar breeding values (homogeneous selection). Using inbreeding of different degrees from remote (V-V) and moderate degrees (III-IV, IV-IV) to close one (II-II, II-III, III-III), inbred animals are obtained and bred "in itself" again (integrated inbreeding). Probability of obtaining larger number of animals with hereditary traits of ancestor’s performance increases. So, 30 (8,77%) of 342 bulls used in Ukraine, are obtained in this way and bulls of only this line used as fathers in 4 ranks of their pedigree. Use of moderate and remote levels of inbreeding on ancestorsof lines maintains high genealogical kinship of animals at their distance in generation and accumulation of valuable traits in populations which are inherent for ancestorsof lines. Share of inbred bulls in all the lines is quite high – 80,7%. On average, 15 bulls were obtained as a result of the close degree of inbreeding in the population (II-II, II-III). The number of moderate levels of inbreeding (II-IV, III-IV, IV-IV and IV-V) at obtaining these bulls was 244 and remote one (V-V and above) – 195. In addition, 116 fathers and 59 mothers received as a result of various degrees of inbreedingwere foundin the pedigrees of the bulls. Among them 15 animals (8,57%) were as a result of close degree of inbreeding, 127 (72,6%) – moderate and 33 (18,8%) – remote; it also forms the genealogical relationship between bulls of various lines. Thus, the rate of genealogical kinship characterizes the intensity of using bull-leaders, ancestors of bloodlines and their successors for breeding stock, from both paternal and maternal sides of genealogy and genealogical relations between some bloodlines, it is important to consider while forming further genealogical structure of the breed and breeding selection as at breeding herds, so at production ones of domestic dairy cattle.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EVALUATION RESULTS OF HOLSTEIN BLACK-MOTLEY BREEDING BULLS BY THEIR DAUGHTERS’ PRODUCTIVITY BASED ON OFFICIAL INSTRUCTIONS AND BLUP MODEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
K.ZH. ZHUMANOV ◽  
◽  
T.N. KARYMSAKOV ◽  
M.A. KINEEV ◽  
M.V. TAMAROVSKIY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Current Instruction ◽  
The Republic

According to the current “Instruction” used in dairy cattle selection and breeding in the Republic of Kazakhstan, bulls-producers of dairy breeds are assessed according to the their offspring quality based on the principle of “peer daughter”. This means that the phenotypic indicators of the daughters of the tested bulls are compared with the corresponding indicators of their peers. In European countries with developed dairy cattle breeding, as well as in Canada, the USA, etc., to ensure a reliable forecast of the genetic value of individuals (primarily, bulls-producers), use is made of the best linear unbiased forecast method (BLUP method). This method implies that the breeding value of producers is determined by the deviation values of the development of traits of the examined animal from its average values in the population. Especially urgent area is the research aimed at improving breeding programs, including assessing the breeding value of bulls-producers of dairy breeds using BLUP methods based on the productive qualities of the mass of dairy cattle in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The research material included the data on the phenotypic indicators of the milk productivity of first-calf cows (the amount of milk yield, the content of fat and protein in milk, the yield of milk fat and protein) of the Holstein black-motley dairy cattle breed, obtained from the information and analytical database of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2016–2017. It was found that when evaluating according to the official “Instruction”, 16 sires out of 256 bulls (6.2%) got the stud category in 2016, 14 sires (9.2%) out of 152 bulls in 2017, and – 30 sires of 249 bulls (12.0%) over the cumulative period. The results of the conducted research prove that the use of the classic “Instructions” in dairy cattle breeding has lower efficiency (by 42.8–90.0%) as compared with the assessment of the breeding value of bulls based on the BLUP method.The selection of sire bulls into breeding groups based on the “peer daughter” methodology is not reliable enough and rather ineffective. Comparing the results of assessing the breeding qualities of sire bulls, obtianed using two methods in all compared periods (2016, 2017, 2016–2017), the authors established a clear superiority of the BLUP method over the current Instruction used in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

FEATURES OF THE EXTERIOR TYPE OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED OF THE CHERKASSY REGION, ESTIMATED BY THE LINEAR CLASSIFICATION METHOD

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
L. M. Khmelnychy
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Dairy Breed

The estimation of the first-born cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed by the exterior type in the leading breeding herds of Cherkassy region by the method of linear classification (n = 566) has been carried out. The results of the evaluated animals by the 100-score system indicate that within the group of traits, the average level of assessment is "good with the plus". The animals have been differed by the good development of group features characterizing the dairy type (82.4 score), body condition (83.5 score), limbs (82.8 score), udder (82.7 score) and overall score (82.8 score). The degree of development 18 descriptive traits of the exterior of cows, has been predicted by the method of linear classification, indicates their significant intraherd variability. Animals have the moderate height, deep body and angularity. The rump angle, the angle of hock joint and the teats length, according to the variability of scores in the range of 17.8–22.4%, have an average optimal development. The level of scores for the rear width (5.9 score), attachment of the fore (6.3 score) and the rear parts (6.0 score) of the udder testifies to their good development. The body structure of the cows-firstborn has a sufficient description of the type traits that determine their milk yield. At the present stage of selection and breeding work due to the use of bull-sires different origins and breeding value on the local population livestock with significant genotype diversity, the degree of influence each of the hereditary factors in the overall variability of linear features has a scientific and practical significance. In our studies, the force of influence conditional bloodiness of the Holstein mother's breed in the overall fraction of variability of linear type traits within the exterior complexes and the overall assessment takes a significant percentage - from 24.9 to 31.5 with a high degree of reliability according to Fischer's criterion. Among the descriptive traits, the proportion of influence the conditional bloodiness of mother, which is confirmed by high statistical confidence, ranges from 14.4 to 19.8%, and refers to the traits important for breeding. The level of coefficients of influence the father's breeding value in the total phenotypic variability for some of the linear traits is high and reliable. First of all it concerns group traits of the exterior, the development of which is determined by the pedigree value of father by 37.1–41.8%, and the overall assessment of type – by 46.6%. The coefficients of influence father's breeding value in most of the descriptive traits have high reliability (P < 0,001). The coefficients of the force of influence father, depending on the heredity of Holstein for the linear traits of almost the same level as his pedigree value. Since in this case the organized factor is purebreed Holstein and crossbreed bulls-sires of domestic selection, the positive role of Holstein heredity in improving the exterior type of cows has been traced realistically. The necessity of linear breeding, as an effective method in the system of dairy cattle breeding, has been substantiated by reliable values of the coefficients of the force of influence of father's line on the linear traits of offspring (3.4–29.5%). Despite the significant variability of coefficients of the force of influence on the linear traits, most of them have a high level of reliability within the evaluated body parts important for selection. The effect of cows belonging to the maternal line on the development of features of the body structure is insignificant and unreliable (5.3–9.2%). In the process of breeding aimed at improving cows of dairy herd by the exterior type, the pedigree value of parents has been assessed according to the method of linear classification of their daughters and their belonging to perspective genealogical formations.

Breeding Index as an Economic Component of the Basis of Breeding Work in Dairy Cattle Breeding

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
E.E. Melnikova ◽  
◽  
S.N. Kharitonov ◽  
I.N. Yanchukov ◽  
L.V. Ionova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

Additive and non-additive genetic effects of growth-curve parameters of Holstein, Ayrshire and crossbred females

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Perotto ◽  
R. I. Cue ◽  
A. J. Lee ◽  
A. J. McAllister ◽  
J. R. Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Average Lifetime ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Maternal Performance

Crossbreeding parameters (line additive, dominance and additive × additive epistatic effects for individual and for maternal performance) on growth traits of females from a crossbreeding experiment between Holstein-based (HS) and Ayrshire-based (AS) lines were estimated by individual animal models, incorporating all known additive genetic relationships among animals, through restricted maximum likelihood and mixed-model methodologies. The growth traits [asymptotic weight (A), rate parameter (k), inflection parameter (m), average lifetime absolute growth rate (AGR), average lifetime absolute maturing rate (AMR) and average lifetime relative growth rate (RGR)] were estimated by fitting the Richards function to the observed growth curve of 3076 individuals. The statistical model included the random effect of the animal breeding value and the fixed effects of genetic group and station–year–season of birth. Results indicated that the HS exceeded (P < 0.001) the AS in additive effects for individual performance for both A and AGR. The HS exceeded (P < 0.05) the AS in additive effects for maternal performance for A. Individual heterosis was positive for A (P < 0.001) and for AGR (P < 0.01). Maternal heterosis was negative for A (P < 0.05) and positive for AMR (P < 0.05). Total heterosis (TH) had positive effects on both AGR and AMR (P < 0.05). Heterosis retained in advanced crossbred generations was not significant (P > 0.05) for any of the studied traits. The results suggest that crossbreeding designed to exploit TH can alter the shape of the growth curve of dairy cattle. Key words: Crossbreeding, dairy cattle, growth curve

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