scholarly journals GENESIS AND PROSPECTS OF RED DAIRY CATTLE IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Gladiy ◽  
Yu. P. Polupan ◽  
I. V. Bazyshina ◽  
A. E. Pochukalyn ◽  
T. P. Koval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Dairy Breed

Ukrainian population of red dairy cattle is genetically active, its gene pool is significantly improved in each of the next generations, mainly due to artificial selection. Currently breeding structure of Ukrainian Red Dairy breed has the prospect of future expansion due to creating Podolian zonal type. Features of its formation are to use as the original breed, which being improved, Red Polish cattle. This breed, as Red Steppe cattle, was listed as a breed to preserve the gene pool under pure breeding. However, gene pool preservation of these breeds is impossible through lack of sufficient number of purebred bulls or their semen at breeding enterprises in Ukraine. The aim of our research was to study genesis and development prospects of red dairy cattle in Ukraine. Materials and methods of research. The materials of the research were the data of identifying breed composition of cattle in Ukraine by January 1, 2015, State Breeding List for 2005, 2010 and 2015, the electronic information database of leading breeding farms for 2007 and 2011 and database of bulls admitted to using during 2005, 2010 and 2015 of Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after M.V. Zubets of NAAS. Results. Currently the group of cows of red breeds is about 365 thousand head, including 97.9 thousand head concentrated in agricultural enterprises. The largest share of this group takes the Red Steppe cattle (84.5%), the smallest one –Ayrshire and Angler breeds (0.7-0.8%). In Ukraine, the total number of Ukrainian Red Dairy cattle is about 40 thousand head, including 21.4 thousand head of cattle concentrated in agricultural enterprises. The results of these annual reports have shown that the average milk yield of the group of cows of red breeds was 3328 kg of milk in 2001. Then milk yield increased with each subsequent studied period and reached the highest figure of 4681 kg in 2014. So, increasing milk yield of cows was by 1353 kg of milk or 29% during fourteen years (2001-2014). The number of breeding animals of Red Steppe, Red Polish, Ayrshire, and Ukrainian Red Dairy breeds significantly decreased in the controlled part of population during the past fourteen years. However, level of milk production and quality increased slightly, except for Red Polish breed. Thus, 4688 cows of Ukrainian Red Dairy breed had milk yield in 5981 kg and milk fat content in 3.88% according to the appraisal of 2014, whereas, in 2013, 4902 cows had milk yield in 5837 kg with milk fat content in 3.86%. Up to 90% of the realized genetic progress in large-scale breeding is provided by using proven bulls, resulting most current need is to restore the national system of selection and testing of sires. The results show that during the past ten years, the number of proven bulls, admitted to using within the red breeds decreased almost seven times with a simultaneous increase 2.2 times in breeding value. Among 410 proven bulls, admitted to using in 2005 (bulls which being tested by progeny), unreasonably disproportionate share was for Holstein sires – 245 (59.8%), whereas, the share of bulls of the red breeds – 13.7%. In 2010, 123 bulls (65.4%) were of Holstein breed and only 9 ones (4.8%) – of Ukrainian Red Dairy among 188 bulls, admitted to using. In 2014, a similar situation was observed; there were 93 bulls, admitted to using, including 48 ones (51.6%) of Holstein and only 3 ones (3.2%) of Ukrainian Red Dairy breed. Given the current state of livestock breeding base on all the red breeds (Red Steppe, Ukrainian Red Dairy, Angler, Red Polish) we developed possible options of parameters of large-scale breeding. During the planning period the number of the controlled cows of the red breeds (mainly Ukrainian Red Dairy cattle) should be significantly increased. Calculations show that in the first stage of the program available number of cows in breeding farms, even if 30% of cows allocated to mating with laid-off bulls, is less than a third of the minimum at pressure of selection among laid-off bulls 1: 4 by productivity of 50 daughters. At the end of the program it is planned to increase the pressure of selection among laid-off bulls to 1:5 under increase of the controlled livestock number to 43700 cows (nearly 4.4 times against currently available one) Conclusion. Our results showed that, the number of breeding farms, in which were bred red cattle, significantly declined and the livestock number also decreased whereas milk production increased during 2001-2015. The high level of genetic potential of Ukrainian Red Dairy cows indicates the presence of highest-yielding cows with yield more than 10 000 kg of milk. At the same time, such animals at breeding farms for breeding Red Polish, Steppe, Ayrshire and Angler cattle weren’t found. During the past ten years, the number of proven bulls of red breeds, admitted to using, decreased almost seven times with a simultaneous increase of breeding value in 2.2 times. Predominance of Holstein bulls remains indisputable on reliability of assessment of breeding value. It causes the biggest request and the widest offer on the market of semen from bulls of the breed. The actual destruction of domestic system of sires breeding caused significantly lower rate of repeatability of breeding values in bulls of the red breeds. This is a concern and threatens possible loss or significant restriction of the gene pool of red breeds.

scholarly journals DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN KIROVOGRAD REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
G. D. Іlyashenko
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Breeding Farms

Dairy cattle breeding is one of the leading livestock sectors whose purpose is to ensure the production of high quality dairy raw materials in volumes meeting the scientifically grounded standards of state food security and expanding the export potential of the agrarian sector. The purpose of our research was to study the status and prospects of dairy cattle breeding in the Kirovograd region. Material and methods of research. The research was carried out on the basis of the electronic database of breeding goals (including 2312 cows), official statistics and estimates of cattle of various breeds that are involved in the production of dairy direction in the breeding farms of the Kirovograd region. The analysis used zootechnical and statistical methods. The calculations were carried out using the software package "STATISTICA-6,1" Results. According to the research (2001–2018), the cattle population in the Kirovograd oblast decreased by a factor of 2.6. Thus, as of January 1, 2018, its number constituted 96.3 thousand heads in all categories of farms, 53.1 thousand of them were cows, the number of which also decreased by 2.4 times. Specific gravity of cattle population of farms remains significant and makes up 72.7%, and 80.6% in the livestock of cows. The largest number of cows of agricultural enterprises declined significantly. Thus, as of January 1, 2018, their number was 10.3 thousand goals, which is 4.7 times less than in the same period of 2001. In the households there is also a tendency for a permanent reduction of cows, the difference is, respectively, 37.0 thousand heads or 46.4% The development of dairy cattle breeding is characterized by two opposite tendencies: reduction of livestock of cows and increase of their productivity. Thus, in agricultural enterprises in 2010, compared to 2000, hopes per cow increased by 2.5 times, in all categories of farms by 1.8 times. In 2017, the increase in dairy costs in agricultural enterprises compared to 2010 amounted to 60.0% in farms of all categories 12.2%. The researches found that in the agricultural enterprises of the oblast as of January 1, 2018 there are 26256 head of cattle, including 10281 cows. The breeding part of the existing cows is 3.013 heads, 29.3% of the total number located in 10 breeding farms. The analysis of the genealogy structure showed that the experimental population of cows belongs to 18 lines and related groups of which the most numerous Chifa 1427381 – 20.4%, Starbuck 352790 – 20.1%, Henev 1629391 – 18.6% , Eleusis 1491007 – 11.2%, Family 267150 – 10.8%. Among the indicated lines, the lowest level of milk productivity was first-born cows. The 1491007, the milk of milk for 305 days of lactation was 4466 ± 99.8 kg, and the milk fat was 168.2 ± 6.5 kg. Analogues l Starbak 352779 was characterized by the highest milk productivity, its level was 5696 + 98.8 kg and 224.9 ± 9.7 kg, respectively. The difference in stomach was 1230 ± 140.4 kg (td = 10.2) and at the release of milk fat 56.7 ± 5.28 kg (td = 10.2) at P < 0.001. However, the latter were markedly less service life (125 against 168 days) and logically higher reproduction rate compared to other lines. An analysis of the intensity of the formation of live weight of young animals has been established for its highest growth in heifers of controlled herds in the period from 9 to 12 months. Thus, in animals of Ukrainian red breed, the growth rate of live weight during this period was 75 kg, Ukrainian red-shrimp 61 kg, Ukrainian black-and-white 73 kg, Holstein 76 kg. Accordingly, during this period, the average daily gain of live weight of young breeds of these breeds was 833 g; 678 g; 811 g, 835 g. The sharp fluctuations of average daily increments during growing periods, first of all, testify to the unequal conditions of growing and feeding young animals than the breed differences. In general, as a result of the analysis of the formation of live weight of heifers, a significant level of phenotypic variability was observed, which confirms sufficient genetic resources and preconditions for selection on the given sign. Therefore, proceeding from the above, in the long run, selection work for breeding improvement of cattle breeding farms of the Kirovograd region should be conducted in accordance with certain promising directions according to groups of breeds. Conclusions. A very important factor in the growth of milk production in the Kirovograd region is high-yield pedigree cattle. The main task on the way of bringing breeding cases in dairy farming to the modern level is the introduction of computer breeding records in breeding farms. This will allow to estimate in the near future bulls-pedigrees, which were used in the past in these farms, to allocate among them complex improvers for precisely the specific conditions and maximally attract them for reproduction. On the other hand, a reliable clogging of poor quality in the genetic sense of sperm production, which leads to negative consequences, will be posed. When establishing the assessment of the breeding value of bulls and developing a single plan of breeding and breeding work in the region, one can proceed to the next step of improving breeding and breeding business, introducing a progressive method of raising the breeding value of animals of large-scale breeding. As a result, the profit from the breeding of highly productive animals, well adapted to specific conditions, will significantly exceed the costs. At the same time, the proposed measures will allow the breeding business to be brought up to the modern world level and stimulate highly productive cattle breeding.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF GENOTYPING BY POLYMORPHIC SYSTEMS OF BLOOD GROUPS AND MILK PROTEINS IN BREEDING AND INDUSTRIAL CATTLE BREEDING

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г.в. УЛИВАНОВА ◽  
Г.Н. Глотова ◽  
О.А. ФЕДОСОВА ◽  
Е.А. РЫДАНОВА
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Beta Lactoglobulin

Анализ использования генотипирования по полиморфным системам групп крови и белкам молока в племенном и промышленном скотоводстве позволил выявить уменьшение общего количества аллелей полиморфных локусов групп крови крупного рогатого скота. Наибольшей частотой встречаемости, как и в более ранних исследованиях, отличался аллель G2Y2E'1Q', уровень которого у коров-первотелок исследуемой популяции составил 22,3%. Полученные результаты в свою очередь свидетельствуют о снижении генетического разнообразия в результате крупномасштабной селекции в племенных хозяйствах Московской и Рязанской областей. Так, снижение генетической изменчивости повлекло за собой увеличение фенотипической однородности стада по основным хозяйственно-полезным признакам. Результаты исследований помогли выявить тенденцию к положительной корреляции между уровнем гомозиготности и величиной удоя за 305 дней первой лактации при начальном уровне гомозиготности в группе более 10%. Средняя гомозиготность по локусу каппа-казеина (CSN3) у исследуемых групп животных составила примерно 63%, по локусу бета-лактоглобулина (LGB) – 43%. Также была отмечена тенденция увеличения частоты встречаемости гетерозиготных генотипов на 6,8% в группе помесных животных. Было выявлено, что гетерозиготные животные характеризовались стабильностью показателей массовой доли жира в течение трех лактаций от 3,68 до 3,70%, а с увеличением удоя наблюдалось и незначительное повышение жирномолочности. По итогам третьей лактации у коров-гомозигот массовая доля жира в молоке понизилась на 0,01-0,32% соответственно. Динамика выхода молочного жира у подопытных животных была аналогична изменению удоев. Analysis of the use of genotyping for polymorphic systems of blood groups and milk proteins in breeding and industrial cattle breeding revealed a decrease in the total number of alleles of polymorphic loci of bovine blood groups. The highest frequency of occurrence, as in earlier studies, differed allele G2Y2 '1Q', the level of which in the first-calf cows of the study population was 22,3 %. The results obtained, in turn, indicate a decrease in genetic diversity as a result of large-scale selection in breeding farms in the Moscow and Ryazan regions. Thus, the decrease in genetic variability resulted in an increase in the phenotypic homogeneity of the herd on the main economic and useful features. The results of the research helped to reveal a positive correlation between the level of homozygosity and the value of milk yield for 305 days of the first lactation with an initial level of homozygosity in the group of more than 10 %. The average homozygosity for the Kappa-casein locus (CSN3) in the studied groups of animals was approximately 63 %, for the beta-lactoglobulin locus (LGB) – 43 %. There was also a tendency to increase the frequency of heterozygous genotypes by 6,8 % in the group of crossbred animals. It was found that heterozygous animals were characterized by a stable mass fraction of fat during three lactation from 3,68 to 3,70 %, and with an increase in milk yield, there was also a slight increase in fat content. According to the results of the third lactation in homozygous cows, the mass fraction of fat in milk decreased by 0,01-0,32 %, respectively. The dynamics of milk fat yield in experimental animals was similar to the change in milk yields

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPIC AND PARATHIPIC FACTORS ON THE TRAITS OF MILK PRODUCTION OF COWS UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
А. M. Salohub
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Fisher’S Criterion ◽  
Dairy Breed

The research was carried out to study the influence of genotypic and paratypical factors on the traits of milk production of cows Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed LLC "Mena-Avangard" Chernihiv region. In the conditions of pedigree herd, studied four groups of crossbred animals with conditional share heredity of Holstein breed: I – < 62.5%; ІІ – 62.6–75.0; III – 75.0–87.5 and IV – 87.6 and > . According to results of researches cow’s crossbred groups of breeding herd Ukrainian Red-and-White breed with a different conditional blood by Holstein breed, was found reliable influence of heredity of improving breed on the level of milk yield and output of milk fat in the dynamics of estimated lactation. Cow’s milk yield with each heredity increase of improver breed grew respectively by 12.5% within crossbred groups. Thus, when comparing cow's group of Holstein blood < 62.5% with their counterparts with blood 62.6–75.0%, advantage was 301 kg in favor of the latter with reliable difference at P < 0.01. Next blood increase to 75.0–87.5% led to a corresponding increase in yield at 262 kg (P < 0.01). Animals with heredity Holstein breed 87.6% higher than the previous generation dominated with a high difference 345 kg of milk (P < 0.001). The blood flow of Holstein breed by 25% resulted in increased milk yield of first-calf cows by 908 kg (P < 0.001). The fat content in milk through this crossing the blood decreased only 0.05% and was not confirmed by reliability, whereas milk fat yield increased with a high significance difference of 31.9 kg (P < 0.001). According to results of one-factor dispersion analysis, was found that value of yield and output level of milk fat in the first lactation cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, respectively, by 5.5–6.2 and 4.7–9.2%, depend on paratypical factors (year and season of birth and year and season of the first calving), as confirmed by high reliability according to Fisher's criterion. The level of milk yield and milk fat cows in first lactation significantly - correspondingly 25.3 and 15.8%, depending on the conditional share of heredity Holstein breed. However, the highest rates of influence on yield level and milk fat of the first-calf cows were obtained by size of comprehensive selection index of cow's mother (57.1 and 44.7%), average breeding value of mother for milk yield (64.4 and 45.4%), and for milk fat (53.5 and 38.9%). With high reliability on indicators of milk production influencing standardized breeding value parent by quantity of milk yield and milk fat (= 0.283 and 0.178). Calculations show that dispersion of traits development of yield and milk fat of cows first-calf due to the influence of heredity of sires used lines and is respectively 15.7 and 10.9%. Fisher's criterion reliability by these indicators exceed the threshold of the third level (P < 0.001). Thus, the power of influence heredity of Holstein breed, selection indexes of mothers and parents of cows and father lines on the milk yield level and milk yield output indicating the possibility of effective breeding of the studied dairy cattle by selection of ancestors with a high estimation of selection indices and pedigree value.

scholarly journals THE PREDICTED GENETIC PROGRESS IN DAIRY CATTLE POPULATIONS USING A VARIETY OF METHODS FOR EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF ANIMALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Babenko ◽  
V. P. Оleshko ◽  
V. Y. Afanasenko
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Selection Of

Genetic progress in a herd of animals is due to the selection of four categories of pedigree animals: fathers of sires, mothers of sires, fathers of cows and mothers of cows. Extremely important role in genetic improvement of a herd plays selection of the sires for insemination of breeding stock which become the potential parents of cows. The selection of sires’ mothers, sires’ and cows’ parents provides 90-95% of the effect of selection in animal population, and massive selection of cows’ mothers only 5-10%. The main selection trait in а herd is milk production, therefore with the purpose of analyzing the effectiveness of selection by this trait defined pedigree value of 4 categories of pedigree animals, which influenced on the pace of improvement of the populations. Therefore, to accelerate genetic improvement of dairy cattle populations is necessary to increase the magnitude of the genetic benefits of parental animals and reduced generation intervals, which is the aim of our research. The average annual genetic progress through selection of four categories of pedigree animals in the herd of Holstein breed is 61.2 kg of milk per cow per year and the pace of genetic improvement of the herd – 0.81 %. In the population of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, these figures are respectively 43.2 kg of milk and the pace of genetic improvement of the herd – 0.62 % Much more opportunities in raising the rate of genetic improvement can be achieved through the introduction of genomic (GS) or marker-assisted selection (MAS). Under the terms of the genomic breeding, final estimation of pedigree value of sires is carried out during 2.5 years in the contrast with traditional breeding, which involves the time for 5 years. Experts estimate the cost from the use of GS or MAS compared with conventional breeding are up to 92%, and the efficiency of selection is improved two times. Taking into account that data of productivity of animals are associated with genes of economically useful traits, the topical issue is the selection of the optimal polymorphic marker systems for their introduction into practice of breeding and assessment of genetic structure of cattle breeds. On the basis of our results of studies of the effect of QTL – gene, the complex model genotype for the selection of animals for the purpose of increasing milk yield in animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed is like this: CSNSАВ, GHLL, βLGАВ, Pit-1АВ; Holstein – CSNS AB, GHLV, βLGАA, Pit-1АВ. Comparison of model genotypes of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy and Holstein shows that there are differences in the combination of genotypes contributing to the best development of traits. Thus, the mass fraction of the protein, the model genotypes are identical at 75% in both breeds: by the yield, quantity of milk fat and protein and total milk fat and protein model genotypes match by 50%. Due to implementation of genomic evaluation and breeding of dairy cattle, the valuation period of pedigree animals was reduced significantly. Unlike conventional breeding, the introduction of genomic selection will reduce the genetic interval in the population of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed of sires’ fathers by 4.5 years, sires’ mothers by 4.6 years, cows’ fathers by 4.6 years and cows’ mothers by 2.9 years. In the population of Holstein cattle generation interval of sires’ fathers is reduced by 4.3 years, sires’ mothers by 4.5 years, cows’ fathers by 4.5 years, and cows’ mothers by 2.7 years. The results of our studies show that the rate of genetic improvement of dairy cattle population in the main breeding traits can be improved through the selection of animals by QTL-complexes. Thus, the selection of breeding stock based on a comprehensive model of genotype on yield gave an opportunity to improve pedigree value of the maternal cows at 155 kg compared to traditional breeding, and in the population of Holstein cattle at 246 kg. Only these factors allow genetic progress in milk yield in the population of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle by 128.5 kg, which is 2.9 times more than the value of the actual genetic progress and in the population of Holstein cattle – 183.2 kg, which is three times more compared to the actual value of genetic progress for milk yield in this population. The contribution of the cows’ mothers to genetic progress increases. So, if at conventional breeding, the contribution of this category of pedigree animals was negative (-4.9%), selection on QTL complex is 3.2% and in the population of Holstein cattle 12%. If you apply the selection of other categories of pedigree animals (sires’ fathers, mothers and parents of sires) on QTL-complexes, which contribution in the genetic improvement of populations is 88.0–96.8%, the rate of genetic improvement of dairy cattle populations will greatly increase. Conclusion. To accelerate genetic improvement of dairy cattle populations it is necessary to use molecular genetic markers that control metabolic processes in the body.

Innovative technologies of dairy cattle reproduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
N. A. Popov ◽  
Yu. A. Ivanov ◽  
V. K. Skorkin ◽  
V. Yu. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Index System ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
The Index System

The American company for the reproduction of dairy cattle – World Wide Sires was formed in 1976 in the United States, and its subsidiary World Wide Sires Russia – in 2006 in the Russian Federation. Over the past decades the average milk yield of cows has been increased significantly, but their fertility has been decreased. A comparison of the DNA of cows producing about 20,000 kg of milk and more than 1,000 kg of milk fat per lactation has shown a genetic association between the milk yield of cows and the fertility of breeding sires. Therefore, one of the directions of the company’s development is the development of innovative technologies for improving reproduction with the genetic improvement of breeding traits of breeding sires. Improving the fertility of Holstein sires and their high-quality semen are the main conditions for solving problems related to the reproductive function of animals. Application of index selection programs, including OptiFeed (optimal feeding), Production-max (best production), Fertility (high reproduction capacity), etc. are powerful lever of herd management. All available genetic indexes are directly or indirectly included in the general index of breeding value of the sire – TPI. One of the methods of refining the index system is the use of ultrasexed semen with 4 million sperm cells in a dose, which increases fertilization in heifers and cows by 5 and 6 %, respectively. Another method of refi ning the index system was the definition of inbreeding. For example, an increase in inbreeding by 1 % led to a decrease in the dollar profit index NM$ by 24 points, added 36 undesirable days to the age of the first calving, reduced productive life by 13 days, reduced milk yield by an average of 358 kg of milk and 11,3 kg of milk protein per lactation. The cost of each additional day of the open days’ period after the start of the hunt ranged from 220 to 370 rubles loss per 1 cow per year.

scholarly journals ACTIVE PART OF POPULATIONS OF TRANSBOUNDARY AND DOMESTIC BREEDS OF DAIRY AND COMBINED CATTLE BREEDING OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
A. Ye. Pochukalin ◽  
S. V. Pryima ◽  
O. V. Rizun
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Black And White ◽  
State Register ◽  
Domestic Breed ◽  
Breeding Farms

Today in Ukraine, according to the State Register of Breeding Subjects, 13 dairy cattle breeds have been registered in animal husbandry. Conventionally, they can be divided into transboundary ones, such as Ayrshire, Angler, Holstein, Simmental, Brown Swiss and Red Polish, and domestic – Ukrainian Whiteheaded, Lebedyn, Red Steppe, Ukrainian Brown Dairy, Red, Black-and-White and Red-and-White Dairy cattle. The breeding part of the dairy cattle population is 299908 breeding animals, including 129557 cows, which are concentrated in 321 breeding subjects. The share of domestic breeds is at the level of 67.9%. A tendency towards an increase in the number of animals in the population of transboundary breeds by 56724 animals was noted, with a simultaneous reduction in domestic breeds by 221980 animals. The main part of the transboundary breeds is Holstein (83%) and Simmental (11%), and in the domestic breed population, it is Ukrainian Black-and-White (71.5%) and Red-and-White (19.8%) dairy cattle. Local domestic breeds (Lebedyn, Red Steppe, Ukrainian Brown Dairy) occupy 2.8%. The level of milk yield of the studied cows of the breeding part of the population of domestic and transboundary breeds is quite high and is in the range of 7242 ... 4309 kg. During the study period, there is a gradual increase from 2002 to 2019 for the milking, fat content and the amount of milk fat in cows of a population of transboundary and domestic breeds, which is respectively 3382.1 kg 0.16%; 140.7 kg and 3052 kg 0.06%; 118.1 kg. In 2019, the highest milk yield in the population of transboundary breeds was noted among Holstein cows (8679 kg) and Brown Swiss (8789) breeds, and in domestic – Ukrainian Black-and-White (7514 kg) and Red-and-White (7005 kg) dairy breads. The fat content in milk is more than 4% in cows of local breeds of Ukraine. An analysis of the level of milk yield of cows for the studied periods showed a decrease in the number of farms with a yield of 5 thousand kg or less. So, in 2002, the share of farms breeding transboundary breeds was 70%, then in 2019 only 13%, and in domestic from 83% to 16%. The average milk yield of cows of more than 10000 kg was recorded in 17 breeding farms.

scholarly journals PHENOTYPE FEATURES APPEARANCE OF DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT UKRAINIAN DAIRY BLACK-AND-WHITE BREED COWS GENOTYPES

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Pendyuk ◽  
V. V. Fedorovych ◽  
N. P. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
A Share

The main task of breeding in dairy cattle breeding is to raise dairy productivity of cows. Improvement of productive qualities of domestic dairy cattle with the use of Holstein breeders of high breeding value led to serious disadvantages, including impairment of animal health, reproductive capacity and quality of milk. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to examine the milk productivity of cows of different genotypes of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and ascertain the relationship between quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk. Research conducted at agricultural limited liability company "Lishche" Lutsk district of Volyn region on cows of different genotypes of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. 5 groups of animals were formed: I − cows with a proportion of Holstein breed 75% or less, II − with a share Holstein heredity 75.1–81.25%, III − Holstein heredity share 81.26–87.50%, ІV − with a share of the heredity of the Holstein 87.51–93.75% and V − with a share of the heredity of the Holstein more than 93.75%. Evaluation of milk productivity was carried out by milk yield, fat content in milk and the amount of milk fat for the first, second, third and highest lactations according to the data of zootechnical accounting. It was found that the largest number of animals under control (33.7%) was with the relative share of Holstein heredity of 81.26–87.50%, and the lowest (9.3%) was with relative share of the Holstein breed's heredity more than 93.75%. Analysis of the level of milk yield of cows of different genotypes showed that the increase of Holstein heredity increases milk yields, however, significantly reduces the fat content of milk. If the animals have a share of Holstein heredity up to 75% the milk yields was 5154, and the amount of milk fat − 199.7 kg, and cows with hereditary of 75.10–81.25% showed figures increased by 16.4 and 15.5%, with Holstein heredity 81.26–87.50% by 23.3 and 20.8%, Holstein heredity 87.51–93.75% for 26.1 and 23.2% and with Holstein heredity more than 93.75% for 34.8 and 31.4%, and fat content in milk, on the contrary, decreased, depending on the genotype of animals, by 1.6–2.3%. In all in the above cases, these changes were highly significant (P < 0.001). The effectiveness of breeding on increasing the milk productivity of cows depends on the efficiency of selection and selection of animals, taking into account the phenotypic and genetic correlation between economically useful features. It was found that the studied cows of all genotypes had highest highly reliable (P < 0.001) positive values of correlation coefficients between milk yield and milk fat (Table 2). These features are the most predicted because strong relationship between them (r = 0.912–0.987). There was also observed direct positive ligament (r = 0.039–0.533, P < 0.05–0.001) between fat content in milk and milk fat content, and mostly weak, and only in some cases correlation coefficients had average values. The cows of the studied genotypes had the lowest and for the most part unreliable values of relative variability by the milk yields and fat content milk. The heifers with conditional share of Holstein heredity, more than 75% had negative and weak relationship features, and the older cows were diversified from weak to average values. One of the reliable criteria for determining the level of heredity of features is the coefficient of frequency, which indicates their heredity stability in age. Coefficients of age-related frequency of milk yield, fat content of milk and the highest milk fat content of cows with a conditional share of Holstein heredity of up to 75% had indicating a higher degree of heredity of these features compared to high half-bred cows. With the increasing of heredity of the Holstein breed the genotype of controlled animals values were decreasing for the most part. The most significant and reliable (P < 0.001) genotype of animals affected milk yields (13.3–18.1% of the total variability of this feature), less – the fat content of milk (9.3–13.2% (P < 0.001) and the amount of milk fat (6.6–14.1% (P < 0.001), with the highest genotype influence on the studied features indicated in the first lactation.

РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ГОЛШТИНСКОГО СКОТА ПРИ СОЗДАНИИ ВЫСОКОПРОДУКТИВНОГО СТАДА ЗАО «ПЗ «РАБИТИЦЫ»

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.I. SAKSA
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Genetic Potential

The article demonstrates the feasibility of creating a highly productive herd through the realization of the genetic potential of Holstein cattle. In the pedigree farm of the Leningrad Region, a highly productive Holstein herd has been created with a per 1 cow milk yield of 13,116 kgs in 2018 (n = 1,400) suitable for operation under conditions of complex automation of the production process. In the farm starting from 1985 to 2018 the milk yield increased annually by an average of 253 kgs  per 1 cow. The level of profitability of dairy cattle ranged from 25% to 51.7% over the past 5 years. Cows of the breeding farm even at first lactation demonstrate high productivity. Animals of 2015 year of birth at the age of 25.1 months at the first calving, having a live weight of 616 kgs, produced 11,512 kgs of milk for 305 days of lactation (the duration of the service period is 135 days). The highest daily milk yield for 100 days was 70.41 kgs and for 305 days at third lactation – 19,254 kgs of milk; the highest lifetime productivity  - 103,093 kgs of milk, 4,043 kgs of milk fat and 3 227 kgs of milk protein (registered for 7 lactations). High dairy productivity of 11,507 – 12,977 kgs of milk had daughters of bulls-improvers with breeding value by milk yield ranging from +151 to +1,380 kgs of milk in comparison with herdmates. The breeding farm is a leading producer of Holstein breeding bulls, for the period of 2014-2018,  181 breeding bulls were sold to AI stations of the Russian Federation. The creation of a highly productive herd through the use of the genetic potential of Holstein cattle became possible due to the introduction of a well established system the dairy cattle management the basis of which includes: a fully balanced cow feeding, the use of bulls-improvers, advanced technologies of cow managment and milking.В статье показана возможность создания высокопродуктивного стада за счет реализации генетического потенциала голштинского скота. В племзаводе Ленинградской области создано высокопродуктивное голштинское стадо с удоем на 1 корову 13116 кг молока в 2018 году (n=1400), пригодное к эксплуатации в условиях комплексной автоматизации производства. В хозяйстве с 1985 по 2018 год удои увеличивались ежегодно в среднем на 253 кг молока от 1 коровы. Уровень рентабельности молочного скотоводства варьировал за последние 5 лет от 25 до 51,7%. Коровы племзавода уже за 1-ю лактацию имеют высокую продуктивность. Животные 2015 года рождения в возрасте 25,1 мес при первом отеле, имея живую массу 616 кг, дали за 305 дней 1-й лактации 11512 кг молока (продолжительность сервис-периода 135 дней). Наивысший суточный удой за 100 дней составил 70,41 кг, а за 305 дней 3 лактации — 19254 кг молока, наивысшая пожизненная продуктивность — 103093 кг молока, 4043 кг молочного жира и 3227 кг молочного белка (за 7 лактаций). Высокую молочную продуктивность 11507—12977 кг молока имели дочери быков-улучшателей с племенной ценностью по удою от +151 кг до +1380 кг молока по сравнению со сверстницами. Племзавод является ведущим репродуктором племенных бычков голштинской породы, за 2014—2018 годы на племпредприятия Российской Федерации был реализован 181 племенной бык. Создание высокопродуктивного стада путем использования генетического потенциала голштинского скота стало возможным за счет внедрения в хозяйство системы ведения отрасли молочного скотоводства, основу которой составляют: полноценное сбалансированное кормление, использование быков-улучшателей, прогрессивные технологии содержания и доения коров

scholarly journals The genesis of the ukrainian red dairy breed

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Shevchuk
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dairy Breed

For further improvement of livestock of the Ukrainian Red Dairy Breed it is important to study the genesis because this kind of cow is breed in many farms. Evaluation of the genesis of the breed was done step by step according to the results of crossing red steppe cattle with Angler’s bulls, Red Danish and Holstein breeds. For the research it has been used methods of retrospective analysis and variation statistics. It has been found that the breeding of the Ukrainian Red Diary Breed was done during five stages which have certain characteristics. During the first stage it was carried accumulation of breeding material using Angler breeders in herds of red steppe cattle. During the second phase of creating the breed it has been received a sufficient number of animals with different proportions of blood by Angler and Danish red breeds. According to the standard target average milk yield of cows of the Ukrainian Red dairy cattle is 4000 kg. The specialty of the third phase of breeding was the use of the gene pool of the Holstein breed as the most dairy productive caw. This helped to create intensive Holstein dairy type of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed. The average productivity of firstborn cows with different proportions of blood in Holstein red spoted breed is 5038–5638 kg of milk with fat in it up to 3.78–3.93%. The fourth step is completed with butterfat intrabreed and holshtynised types of Ukrainian dairy cattle and conducted their testing. At the fifth stage the work of heredity consolidation of newly formed breed is held and continues crossbreeding with Holstein breed bulls red spotted colour to increase milk production. Thus, animals of the Ukrainian Red Dairy Breed are characterized by a high level of productivity. At the farm «Colos 2011» in Mykolaiv region the milk yield of cows during 305 days and the third lactation is over 8565 kg of milk, the quantity of milk fat is 332 kg.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF THE SITUATION IN SEEF «OLEKSANDRIVSKE» FOR BREEDING UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND ITS IMPROVING

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Kovalenko ◽  
S. V. Priyma ◽  
G. A. Holysa ◽  
A. V. Tuchyk ◽  
L. V. Marchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dairy Breed

Created Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle have a desirable level of reproductive and productive qualities.  These breeds are competing successfully with animals of the European selection, so comparative study of pedigree and productive qualities of animals at one of the farms has practical value. The studies were conducted in the herd of “Oleksandrivske” SE RF at the animals of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breeds of Vinnytsia region. The animals of both breeds were kept under the same technological conditions in housing for livestock. It was taken into account milk production (milk yield, fat content in milk and milk fat) for 305 days of lactation. Expert evaluation of the exterior of first-calf heifers has been conducted for 2015-2016. Assessment of type of body structure of cows was conducted on 100-point scale. Fatness of cows was determined on 5-point scale. The analysis of genealogies of 37 bulls which had progeny in the herd was conducted by breeding index, discharge of breeding values and milk production of ancestors. Milk production of the animals of the herd was more than 6000 kg of milk for 305 days of lactation. Comparing milk yields, it was found that the animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed dominated Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows of the same age. It is noteworthy that biological feature of cows to increasing milk yield with each subsequent lactation is positive. Thus, the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows after the second calving in comparison with the first calving increased milk yield by 380 kg and the animals after the third calving and older comparatively with the second one – by 425 kg more. Also the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows increased milk yield, respectively, by 348 and 358 kg. The average body measurements of the first-calf heifers were inferior by targeted parameters of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle from -0.3 cm (girth of metacarpus) to -7.8cm (height in the sacrum) in most cases.  The total number of points for type of body structure was 87.9 at the animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle and, respectively, 87.0 at the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows; it corresponds to the assessment "very good". This indicates the high estimation of individual parts of the exterior. The cows of the herd had the required fatness. The average of this trait at animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed was 3.0 points and at the cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle was respectively 3.4 points. The genealogical structure of the current herd of “Oleksandrivske” SERF consists of two female contingents. The animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle were derived from 18 bulls belonging to 8 bloodlines. Most of animals belong to R.O.R.Elevation 1491007 bloodline – 45.4%, H.H.Starbuck 352790 and P.F.A.Chief 1427381 bloodlines – 14.4%. Qualitative characteristic of bulls used for the female livestock of the herd, shows that in the vast majority they are valuable breeding bulls. However, it should be noted that there are progeny derived from bulls with low breeding value in the herd. Thus, bull Matrix Red 136549448 had SI-7 and H- and Trubadur 343643346 had SI-50 and H-. The use of bulls for female livestock of the herd with low breeding value is unacceptable for further breeding work. Expectation of improving the breeding traits in progeny from such fathers is unlikely. It is planned to accelerate the reproduction of valuable genotypes and increase the rate of genetic progress at the herd using embryos transplantation this year. Donors of embryos will be their own breeding resources. Using this method will make it possible to exclude from the selection process animals with exterior defects and low-yielding cows. The considered aspects of selective breeding work indicate prospects of using Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle. This applies particularly to increase of milk yield to 8000 kg and more per lactation. Bulls which will be used for breeding stock should have high rates of breeding values (SI +1000 and P4 and more). Especially it applies such features as fat content in milk and some exterior defects.

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