scholarly journals USEFUL FEATURES OF DAIRY COWS AND THEIR CONNECTION WITH PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 50-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Mazur ◽  
Ye. I. Fedorovych ◽  
V. V. Fedorovych
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Selection Of

A fundamental genetic improvement of domestic dairy breeds is carried out by using the gene pool of the best foreign breeds, in particular Holstein. This approach has greatly improved the milk productivity of cows, but has led to a significant deterioration in reproduction, longevity, product quality, general animal health etc. Taking into account that the increase of the milk productivity of cows leads to a shortening of their use, this problem will only become aggravated over time. Therefore, it is now necessary to direct scientific research into a comprehensive assessment of animals taking into account the signs of lifelong productivity. In view of the above, the purpose of our research was to study the economic utility signs of dairy cows and their relationship with productive longevity. The research was conducted on cows of Holstein (n = 2902), Ukrainian Black- (n = 14876) and Red-and-White (n = 2176) dairy breeds. To characterize the economic useful signs of animals of the studied breeds based on the materials of the primary zootechnical and breeding records, weighed growth of animals, reproductive capacity, milk productivity and duration and efficiency of lifetime use were studied. It was established that heifers of investigated dairy breeds were characterized by a moderate intensity of growth of live weight, as evidenced by average daily increments from birth to 18 months of age: in animals of Holstein breed – 644, Ukrainian Black-and-White milk breed – 641 and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed 692 g. The first fruitful insemination of heifers of the Holstein breed occurred on average at the age of 19.1, Ukrainian Black and Red-and-White dairy breeds - 20.4 and 20.8 months, while their live weight at that was 405.3; 414.3 and 438.5 kg respectively. The milk yield of the Holstein breed cows, depending on the lactation, was 4846–7920 kg, the fat content in milk was 3.63–3.74% and the amount of milk fat was 181.2–279.7 kg, the Ukrainian Black-and-White milk breed was 4008–6317 kg, 3.63–3.70% and 148.6–228.8 kg respectively, while Ukrainian Red-and-White milk is 4578–6592 kg, 3.74–3.87% and 177.2–245.9 kg. The cows of the given breeds were used in herds only 2.32–2.50 lactation. The highest life milk yield was noted in animals of the Holstein breed (18,669 kg), and the lowest (14,940 kg) in the cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White breed. Correlation analysis of economic characteristics of dairy cows with indicators of their productive longevity confirms the possibility of conducting an indirect predictive selection of animals in order to form high-yielding herds with long-term economic use. Among the studied features, the greatest predictive value (P < 0.001) for the indicators of life expectancy, productive use, lactation, the number of lactation per life, life yield and lifetime of milk fat have yield of cows for the first (r = -0.217 – +0.205) and the best lactation (r = +0.061 – +0.609). An intermediary predictive selection of animals can also be carried out according to the duration of their first service period (r = -0.462 – +0.106) and live weight during growing season (r = -0.286 – +0.126). It was established that live weight at the first insemination and the first calving significantly influenced the indicators of life yields, economic use and lactation of animals, as evidenced mainly by higher and reliable values of correlation coefficients between these indices. It should also be noted that the correlation coefficients between the live weight of cows in the first calving and the duration of life, productive use, lactation and the number of lactations in life were somewhat higher but negative values (r = -0,130 – -0,070), compared with the between live weight at the time of first insemination and the above indicators of longevity of animals (r = -0,037 – +0,094). This suggests that the effect of live weight on the first calving of animals on their longevity was somewhat higher than the effect of live weight at the first insemination. Our data show that the selection of cows by the age of the first calving and the duration of the first lactation is not significant, since there is practically no link between these features and the indicators of productive longevity.

Milk productivity of the cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in environment of the Novosibirsk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zheltikov ◽  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
D. Adushinov ◽  
O. Zaiko ◽  
V. Dementev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The characteristic of milk productivity of cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” in the Maslyaninsky district in the Novosibirsk region has been given. It has been revealed that under the natural and climatic environments of the Western Siberia, when creating favorable conditions for feeding and housing for cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds have sufficiently high milk productivity. It has been found that Holstein first-calf heifers surpassed their Simmental herdmates by 959 kg in milk yield for the first 305 days of lactation under the same conditions of housing and feeding, by 3,1 kg in daily milk yield, by 38,2 kg in milk fat yield, and by 28,3 kg in milk protein yield (P < 0,001). There were no statistically significant differences between animals of Holstein and Simmental breeds in terms of fat and protein content in milk, which amounted to 3,94 and 2,96 % in Holstein breed and 3,97 and 2,98 % in Simmental breed, respectively. Both breeds have shown high milk productivity during the first 3 lactations. Thus, the milk yield of Holstein cows for the first 3 lactation was 6475–9290 kg, Simmental cows it was 5516–7680 kg, fat content was 3,93–3,99 and 3,96–3,97 %, respectively. The protein content in the milk of cows of both breeds did not exceed 3,0 %. High variability has been found in milk yield, yield of milk fat and protein, the coefficient of milk content and duration of lactation, the lowest in the content of protein and fat in milk and live weight. The correlation coefficients between the fat and protein content in milk were generally positive, but did not exceed 0,28. Therefore, breeding in the herd of cows in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” have to be conducted not only by fat content, but also by protein content in milk.

Milk productivity of cows of Black-and-White breed depending on the part of Holstein blood

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
T. Shishkina ◽  
T. Guseva ◽  
A. Galiullin ◽  
N. Semikova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
White Breed ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Best Parameters

A retrospective analysis of the dynamics of traits of milk productivity of Black-and-White cows with increased the part of Holstein breed blood has been carried out. Two groups have been formed from the number of culling animals of two adjacent generations: the 1st group (basic generation) with the part of Holstein breed blood of 3/4 (75 %) and the 2nd group with the part of Holstein breed blood of 7/8 (87,5 %) per 35 heads in each. As a result, it has been found that cows with the part of blood of 7/8 had the best indicators of milk productivity for I, II and III lactation. They significantly exceeded the indicators of cows with part of Holstein blood of 3/4 in terms of milk yield and yield of milk fat. The decrease in average daily milk yields for months of lactation in high-blooded cows was lower by 3 %, and the indicator of full-competed lactation was higher by 17,8 %. High-blooded animals have been culled out of the herd more intensively. By the end of the third lactation, the livability of livestock in the 1st group was 100 %, and in the second group – 23 %. The best parameters of productive longevity were distinguished by animals of the basic generation with the part of Holstein breed blood of 3/4. They signifi cantly surpassed of high-blooded animals in terms of longevity and period of productive longevity, respectively, by 1109 (P < 0,001) and 739 (P < 0,001) days, and in terms of lifetime milk yield – by 14392 kg (P < 0,001). The increase of the part of the blood of cows to 7/8 was carried out using purebred producers of foreign selection, the new generation of high-blooded animals had a relatively high genetic potential. However, 7/8-blooded cows of Holstein breed used it only by 53,4 %, which was by 24,3 % (P < 0,001) lower than the base generation. Thus, in the current environments of CJSC “Konstantinovo” high-blooded animals of Holstein breed do not suffi ciently realize the genetic potential, and the increase in productivity is associated with the loss of milk due to the decrease in the duration of economic use of animals. Based on this, we propose at the present stage to suspend the upgrading crossbreeding and return to the using Holsteinized sires domestic selection with the part of Holstein breed blood of 75 to 85 %.

scholarly journals PHENOTYPE FEATURES APPEARANCE OF DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT UKRAINIAN DAIRY BLACK-AND-WHITE BREED COWS GENOTYPES

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Pendyuk ◽  
V. V. Fedorovych ◽  
N. P. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
A Share

The main task of breeding in dairy cattle breeding is to raise dairy productivity of cows. Improvement of productive qualities of domestic dairy cattle with the use of Holstein breeders of high breeding value led to serious disadvantages, including impairment of animal health, reproductive capacity and quality of milk. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to examine the milk productivity of cows of different genotypes of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and ascertain the relationship between quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk. Research conducted at agricultural limited liability company "Lishche" Lutsk district of Volyn region on cows of different genotypes of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. 5 groups of animals were formed: I − cows with a proportion of Holstein breed 75% or less, II − with a share Holstein heredity 75.1–81.25%, III − Holstein heredity share 81.26–87.50%, ІV − with a share of the heredity of the Holstein 87.51–93.75% and V − with a share of the heredity of the Holstein more than 93.75%. Evaluation of milk productivity was carried out by milk yield, fat content in milk and the amount of milk fat for the first, second, third and highest lactations according to the data of zootechnical accounting. It was found that the largest number of animals under control (33.7%) was with the relative share of Holstein heredity of 81.26–87.50%, and the lowest (9.3%) was with relative share of the Holstein breed's heredity more than 93.75%. Analysis of the level of milk yield of cows of different genotypes showed that the increase of Holstein heredity increases milk yields, however, significantly reduces the fat content of milk. If the animals have a share of Holstein heredity up to 75% the milk yields was 5154, and the amount of milk fat − 199.7 kg, and cows with hereditary of 75.10–81.25% showed figures increased by 16.4 and 15.5%, with Holstein heredity 81.26–87.50% by 23.3 and 20.8%, Holstein heredity 87.51–93.75% for 26.1 and 23.2% and with Holstein heredity more than 93.75% for 34.8 and 31.4%, and fat content in milk, on the contrary, decreased, depending on the genotype of animals, by 1.6–2.3%. In all in the above cases, these changes were highly significant (P < 0.001). The effectiveness of breeding on increasing the milk productivity of cows depends on the efficiency of selection and selection of animals, taking into account the phenotypic and genetic correlation between economically useful features. It was found that the studied cows of all genotypes had highest highly reliable (P < 0.001) positive values of correlation coefficients between milk yield and milk fat (Table 2). These features are the most predicted because strong relationship between them (r = 0.912–0.987). There was also observed direct positive ligament (r = 0.039–0.533, P < 0.05–0.001) between fat content in milk and milk fat content, and mostly weak, and only in some cases correlation coefficients had average values. The cows of the studied genotypes had the lowest and for the most part unreliable values of relative variability by the milk yields and fat content milk. The heifers with conditional share of Holstein heredity, more than 75% had negative and weak relationship features, and the older cows were diversified from weak to average values. One of the reliable criteria for determining the level of heredity of features is the coefficient of frequency, which indicates their heredity stability in age. Coefficients of age-related frequency of milk yield, fat content of milk and the highest milk fat content of cows with a conditional share of Holstein heredity of up to 75% had indicating a higher degree of heredity of these features compared to high half-bred cows. With the increasing of heredity of the Holstein breed the genotype of controlled animals values were decreasing for the most part. The most significant and reliable (P < 0.001) genotype of animals affected milk yields (13.3–18.1% of the total variability of this feature), less – the fat content of milk (9.3–13.2% (P < 0.001) and the amount of milk fat (6.6–14.1% (P < 0.001), with the highest genotype influence on the studied features indicated in the first lactation.

COMPARATIVE DESCRIPTION OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND HOLSTEIN BREEDS IN SERF «OLEKSANDRIVSKE»

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Gladiy ◽  
G. S. Kovalenko ◽  
S. V. Priyma ◽  
G. A. Holyosa ◽  
A. V. Tuchyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Selection Of

The main goal of dairy breeds selection should be improving breeding and productive qualities of animals under modern conditions. The majority of farms, using native breeds to produce milk, has created optimal conditions for keeping and feeding, selection and matching, growing of replacements etc. Further improvement of created native dairy breeds for economically useful traits occurs at total use of purebred Holstein bulls (semen) of foreign selection. In order to realistically assess milk productivity (milk yield, fat content in milk and fat yield) of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White Dairy cows should be conducted a comparative analysis of Holstein cows under the same conditions of feeding and keeping. It was established that Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows were characterized by the highest milk yields for 305 days of all lactations, taken into account, the among three investigated breeds. Their milk yield during the first lactation was 5933 kg of milk, during the second – 6393 kg, the third – 6391 kg and during higher lactation – 6650 kg. Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows were second by milk yield (except for the second lactation), during the first lactation – 5932 kg of milk, the third – 6462 kg and higher – 6541 kg, and Holstein cows were third, during the first lactation – 5794 kg of milk, the second – 6381 kg, the third – 6335 kg and higher – 6469 kg. The fat content was almost the same and varied within 3.49-3.58% in milk of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle, 3.50-3.60% in milk of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle and 3.50-3.56% in Holsteins’ milk. The difference between the breeds was within 0.01-0.04%. All the investigated breeds had predominance in fat yield for three lactations over standards of these breeds: Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows from 75.1 to 93.4 kg, Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows – 75.1-89.0 kg respectively and Holstein cows – 41.9-60.2 kg. It was found different level of positive correlation between milk yield and fat yield in all the cases and high correlation (r = 0.604-0.921, P < 0.001) in five cases (41.7%) Negative correlation coefficients indicate that selection of animals to higher milk yield in the herd will decrease the second trait – fat content in milk. Positive and highly significant correlation between milk yield and fat yield indicates that selection of cows in the herd to higher milk yields will increase fat yield. It was revealed that bulls were among the factors impacted the milk productivity (milk yield, fat content, fat yield) of three investigated breeds. So, the force (η²x) of father’s impact on milk yield was15.4-47.9%, fat content – 22.0-43.4% and fat yield – 14.9-47.7% taking into account a lactation and a breed. The force of lines impact (η²x) was second; it was on milk yield 6.1-24.5%, fat content – 4.1-17.1 and fat yield – 5.8-23.5%. The force of breeds impact (η²x) was last; it was on milk yield 0.3-2.9%, fat content – 0.2-0.3% and fat yield – 0.6-2.7%. So, the comparative studies of milk productivity of Ukrainian Red-and-White and Black-and-White Dairy cattle with Holsteins indicate that under similar conditions of feeding and keeping, these native breeds can compete with Holstein cattle. The milk yield for 305 days of higher lactation was 6650 kg of milk in Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows, 6541 kg in Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows and 6469 kg in Holsteins. It was found the inverse correlation r = -0.025-0.316 between milk yield and fat content in milk in most cases. Selection and matching of animals in the herd should be carried out simultaneously on these traits. It was found positive repeatability of milk yields between the first and second, the third and higher lactations (rs = 0.036-0.741), indicating the reliability of forecasting increase in milk productivity during the next lactations in all herd. Bulls have the greatest impact (η²x) on milk productivity among the factors taken into account: milk yield – 15.4-47.9%, fat content in milk – 22.0-43.4% and fat yield – 14.9-47.7%.

scholarly journals THE ESTIMATION OF THE ECONOMIC USE AND LIFETIME PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED DEPENDING ON THE REASONS OF THEIR DISPOSAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Shulyar
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Reproductive Capability ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Dairy Breed

An important selection peculiarity of dairy cows is their productive longevity. Besides, the indicators of cow productivity along with genetic potential are the most important criteria of the economic efficiency of their use. Low or not sufficient level of lifetime productivity indicators and of the period of the economic use of cows determine the necessity of monitoring of the selection information according to these indicators in the breed herds as well as the of using corresponding selection methods for their improvement. The goal of our research was the estimation of an economic use of lifetime cow productivity of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed depending on the reasons of their disposal from the herd and genotype. The research was conducted at a private agrarian firm (PAF) «Yerchyky» Zhytomyr oblast according to the data of breeding and productive use of 497 cows which were disposed from the herd on different reasons. The reasons for the cow disposal were determined according to the veterinary disposal acts. The indicators of cow economic use and lifetime productivity were determined on the ground of the term of rearing, life duration, term of economic use, amount of lactations, the total duration of lactation period, milk yields, milk yield per one lactation day, per life, and per economic use. Statistical processing was performed by means of Microsoft Excel software kit using the methods of variation statistics. As follows from the results of the research, in the process of holsteinization the dynamics of the parameters of the economic use of cows is characterized by curvilineal type: as follows from the heterotic effect they increased in animals with an conditional share of genetic heredity of Holstein breed from 50 and 62.5 to 75%, and then when the genetic heredity share of the improved breed increased by more than 75% they got worse due to the contradiction “genotype-environment”. At the same time within the determined genotypes (1st group-up to 50%, 5th group-87.6–100%) the indicators of lifetime productivity increase in case of 66% of reliable results. Besides, the interconnection level of the indices of lifetime use of the dairy cows of different genotypes has been studied. The criteria of the significance of the correlation coefficients according to Student has been used. The closer the linkage, the higher the correlation coefficients and the higher the criteria of their reliability. Generalized criteria of reliability on the grounds of all indicators of lifetime use was the lowest in cows of the 1st and 2nd groups, and the highest in cows of the 3rd group with further decrease in high half-bred cows and pure-breed cows of the 4th and 5th groups. It testifies to the fact that there is a close interconnection between given parameters and real milk yields in 3rd group cows (62.6–75.0% of the improved Holstein breed). At present, the reason of the shortening of the period of economic use is an early disposal of cows from the herd. A greater part of milking cows is disposed in the most productive period or even before it. At the given enterprise, a vast majority of holsteinized cows (77.5%) was disposed from the herd on four main reasons: unsatisfactory reproductive capability (32.2%), limbs diseases (22.3%), postpartal complications (13.9%) and low productivity (9.1%). The other reasons for cow disposal were within 1.6–7.0% (totaled up 22.5%) as to the total number of cow population that were disposed of the herd. It should be mentioned that the disposal caused by low productivity was only in the first calvers of the 1st and 2nd groups, in which the conditional share of genetic heredity of a Holstein breed did not exceed 62.5%. The parameters of the economic use and of lifetime productivity of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows of different genotypes which were disposed of the herd because of their unsatisfactory reproductive capability, limbs diseases, postpartal complications and low milking productivity have been also analyzed. It has been determined that the indicated reasons for the disposal had different effects on the parameters of an economic use and on cow productivity. Because of any of four indicated reasons for cow disposal of the herd under condition of in-barn keeping and optimal feeding the preference on lifetime productivity belongs to the cows of the 4th and 5th groups (with a conditional share of Holstein heredity of more than 75%) with simultaneous worsening of the indicators of economic use. As a third part of cows at this enterprise was disposed of the herd ahead of time on the reason of unsatisfactory reproductive capability, that results in breeding value and in the results of the economic use of cows, the updating of the technology of artificial animal insemination and renewal will promote to solving the problem.

scholarly journals Relative variability of phenotypic traits and indicators of milk productivity of cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (95) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Ye. I. Fedorovych ◽  
V. V. Fedorovych ◽  
P. V. Bodnar ◽  
S. I. Fyl ◽  
A. V. Dymchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Relative Variability

The research was conducted on cattle of Black-and-White breed (Holstein and Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed) at LLC “Veleten” Glukhiv district of Sumy region (n = 1956) and PJSC “Breeding Plant “Stepnoy” of Kamyansko-Dniprovsk district of Zaporizhzhia region (n = 1981). Based on retrospective data analysis (“Uniform-Agri” – program of dairy herd management) for the period from 2004 to 2017 it was studied the live weight of cows in growing period (newborns, 6, 12; 18 months, at first insemination and after the first calving), body measurements of heifers (height at shoulders, chest depth, chest width, chest girth behind the shoulder blades, oblique body length, width of hips, wrist girth) and traits of reproducibility (age at first insemination, age at first calving, duration of service period, insemination index, fertility index) and milk productivity of cows (milk yields for 305 days, fat and protein content in milk for the first, second and third lactation). Based on our previously obtained data by correlation analysis method it was studied the relative variability of phenotypic traits and indicators of dairy productivity of cows. It is established that the connections of live weight of cows during their rearing with traits of milk productivity were multidirectional and ranged from slightly improbable to moderately significant values. At the same time, in both farms, the most significant highly probable connection was noted between the live weight of animals at the age of 12 months and the milk yield of first-borns that indicates the possibility of selecting heifers at the specified age to provide them future high milk productivity. There was significant variability of the relationship between body measurements and the amount of milk yield of cows for the first, second and third lactation. However, cows of both farms, had direct connection, but a bit weaker in animals at PJSC “Breeding Plant “Stepnoy”. Positive correlation coefficients between indicators of exterior and milk yields of cows give reasons to claim the efficiency of indirect selection of heifers by body measurements. Rational management of dairy farming and high profits depend a lot on knowledge of regularities of correlative variability of productive traits of cows and indicators of reproductive capacity. It is established that the connections between the traits of milk productivity and reproductive capacity of animals were different and ranged from weak to medium and from reliable to improbable. The most significant highly reliable, however, with negative correlation coefficients were observed between milk yield of cows for all studied lactations and their age at the first insemination and the first calving

scholarly journals CONDITIONALITY OF PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY AND LIFELONG PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF BLACK-WHITE BREED BY GENETIC FACTORS

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 222-227
Author(s):  
T. M. Komendant
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Use

Objective: to study the dependence of productive longevity of cows of black and motley breed on genetically determined factors - linearity and bloodiness in Holstein breed. Methods: zootechnical, biological, statistical. The materials of the studies were pedigree cards of cows  and bulls, bull catalogs, zootechnical reports on pedigree work with the herd, the cattle base of the Grodno region, and also registers of rearing and rearing of the litter. To study the effect on the longevity of cows and their lifelong productivity of the "linear accessory" factor, all animals that were eliminated in 2006-2014 were divided into groups according to the lines: Adema 25437, Annas Adema 30587, Vis Eidial 933122, Montvik Chiftein 95679, Nico 31652 , Pabst Governera 882933, Reflection Sovering 198998, S. Sensation 1267271, Hiltes Adema 37910. Depending on the bloodiness of the Holstein breed, the animals were divided into four groups: I - up to 25% of Holstein genes, II- 25,0 – 49,9% of the genes of the Holstein genus, III - Holstein blood 50% and more, IV - purebred black-motley cows. Indicators of milk productivity (life-time milk yield (kg) and lifetime yield of milk fat (kg), milk yield for 1 day of lactation (kg), total duration of the lactation period (days) were studied in the experimental animals, and the duration of economic use (lactations). Main results. The results obtained during the statistical processing of data indicate that the cows belonging to the Pabst Governera line 882933 differed in the longest period of economic use among the abandoned animals. Duration of use in animals of this line was 8.43 lactations, which is more than for cows of other lines at 1,72-6,67 lactation. It should be noted that cows belonging to the Adem 25437 lines (6,71 lactations) and S. Sensation 1267271 (5,49 lactations) were also characterized by a rather long period of economic use. Due to the long period of use of the cow, the Pabst Governera line 882933 had the highest indicator of lifelong milk yield – 51535,58 kg of milk and the yield of milk fat – 1914,03. But as for milk for one day of lactation, here the leadership belonged to individuals belonging to the line Vis Eidial 933122 and amounted to 21,19 kg of milk per day. Also, a fairly high indicator of milk yield for one day of lactation was observed in animals belonging to the line Montvik Chiftain 95679 – 21,02 kg of milk. As a result of the research it was found that the largest term of economic use was characterized by low-breed hybrids with Holstein breed (up to 25%) – 3,63 lactations. This group of animals exceeded the individuals of the remaining groups by 0,21-0,76 lactations. It is worth noting that purebred black-motley individuals also differed by a long period of productive use – 3,42 lactations. Conclusions. Analysis of the impact on productive longevity and indicators of lifetime productivity of the "linearity" factor among abandoned animals in the "Progress-Vertelishki" made it possible to establish the existence of significant differences in the duration of economic use of cows of different linear affiliation. Cows of the Pabst Governera line 882933 – 8,43 lactations, 51535,58 kg of milk and 1914,03 kg of milk fat were distinguished by the greatest period of productive longevity, and also by the highest milk yield and milk fat content. It was established that the crossing of black and white cattle with Holstein breed positively influenced the productive longevity of animals, but on condition that the blood on the improving rock did not exceed 25%. Low-breed hybrids with Holstein breed exceeded the animals of other groups by the duration of their economic use by 0,21-0,76 lactations. Thus, we recommend breeding cows of black and motley breeds in the "Progress-Vertelishki", taking into account the impact on productive longevity and milk productivity of such factors as linearity and bloodiness in Holstein breed.

ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ КОРОВ ХОЛМОГОРСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ С РАЗЛИЧНОЙ СТЕПЕНЬЮ ГОЛШТИНИЗАЦИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КОМИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. NIKOLAEV ◽  
N.A. SHEMURANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Blood Content ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
The Third ◽  
Economic Use

Представлены данные о продуктивности коров холмогорской породы и их помесей с различной степенью голштинизации. В период с 2000 по 2019 год установлено, что в условиях Республики Коми коровы с долей кровности более 75 по голштинской породе превосходят чистопородный холмогорский скот по показателям молочной продуктивности и жира в молоке за 1-ю лактацию на 40,3 и 0,63 абс., а в 3-ю на 52,8 и 0,64 абс., соответственно. Однако повышение молочности за лактацию не приводит к увеличению пожизненного производства молока, что обусловлено снижением продолжительности хозяйственного использования. У коров с долей кровности по голштинам более 75 средний возраст выбытия составляет 2,400,11 отела, что в 1,5 раза меньше по сравнению с чистопородными животными.Наибольший пожизненный удой имеют животные с кровностью 50, полученные при скрещивании чистопородного голштинского и холмогорского скота (19850618 кг), а наименьший с кровностью 2550 при разведении помесей в себе (123281134 кг). Продукция молочного жира за все лактации у коров с кровностью 50 составляет 799,625,3 кг, что в 1,9 раз больше аналогичного показателя животных с долей кровности до 25. При учете молочной продуктивности на 1 день жизни животного установлено, что наибольший показатель наблюдается у коров с кровностью 50 7,4 кг молока натуральной жирности, а при пересчете на базисную жирность (3,4) у высококровных (более 75) по голштинской породе помесей (9,00,3 кг), где также наблюдается наибольший показатель производства молочного жира на 1 день жизни 307,310,1 г.The article presents data on the productivity of cows of the Kholmogorskaya breed and their crosses with varying degrees of holsteinische. In the course of studies conducted in the period from 2000 to 2019, it was found that in the Komi Republic, cows with a blood content of more than 75 of the Holstein breed outperform pure-bred Kholmogorsky cattle in terms of milk productivity and fat in milk for the first lactation by 40.3 and 0.63, and in the third by 52.8 and 0.64 respectively. However, an increase in milk yield per lactation does not lead to an increase in lifetime milk production, which is due to a decrease in the duration of economic use: in cows with a Holstein blood ratio of more than 75, the average leaving age is 2.400.11 calving, which is 1.5 times less than in purebred animals. The highest lifetime yield is given to animals with a blood content of 50 obtained by crossing Chi-pedigree Holstein and Kholmogorsky cattle (19850618 kg), and the lowest with a blood content of 2550 when breeding crossbreeds in themselves (123281134 kg). The production of milk fat during all lactation in cows with a blood content of 50 is 799.625.3 kg, which is 1.9 times more than in animals with a blood content of up to 25. When accounting for milk production on a day in the life of an animal is established that the highest milk yield observed in cows with percentage of the blood 50 and 7.4 kg of milk, natural fat content, and at recalculation on basic fat content (3.4) from 75 of the Holstein breed hybrids (9.00.3 kg), which also has the highest production of milk fat on day 1 of life 307.310.1 grams

scholarly journals INFLUENCE BLOOD SHARE AND THE LINEAR ACCESSORY ON INDEXES OF DAIRY EFFICIENCY OF COWS

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
A. L. Rozhentsov
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Content ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Blood Inflow ◽  
The Impact

Blood inflow of Holstein breed in Mari El cattle breeding, which began in 80s of the last century, had a positive impact on the dairy productivity of Black-and-White cattle. The research explores the impact of Holstein breed bloodline and lineage on the main indicators of cows’ dairy productivity in OAO Ovoshchevod. The productive age increasing, the live weight of cows in the main herd increased as well while the animals were relatively small. The cows of the eighth and ninth calves had the maximum live weight. On average, the cows with the third complete lactation (6791.5 kg) had the highest milk yield. The mass fraction of fat was on average higher than the basic fraction and was equal to 3.71%. The increase of milk fat concentration was observed in cows of the fifth and sixth lactations, with the offsprings of Black-and-White bull lines being the most fatty. There is a direct correlation between milk yield and the degree of blood flow in the Holstein breed. The fattiest milk cows were those with a blood content of 19%, while the cattle with a blood content of 75% had the lowest fat concentration in milk. According to the hospitalization data, most of the cows in the herd (including the first heifer cows) belong to the R. Sawring line. The female offsprings of Adam, Rikus and M. Chiftein bulls differed in the most productive longevity. The most abundant were cows belonging to M. Chiftein line. Female offsprings of Black-and-White bulls were inferior to the Holstein ones in average by 324 kg of milk. This feature was traced from first to fifth lactation. In the lactation section, the most fatty-milk cows of the Rikus and M. Chiftein lines were the fattest. As the share of blood in the Holstein breed increased, the milk yield per cow in the main herd increased as well. Thus, for cows with blood content of 18.75%, the average milk yield for all lactations was 6313 kg of milk. Further blood inflow of Holstein bulls led to this parameter increasing by 4% on average for cows with blood content of 25 and 37.5% for Holstein breed.

scholarly journals The influence of genotypic factors on the forming of the economic use of values of ukrainian bleck and wheat milk breeds

2018 ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Klopenko ◽  
R. Stavetska ◽  
M. Bushtruk ◽  
I. Starostenko ◽  
O. Babenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Selection Of

The evaluation of dairy cows` exterior plays a key role in the system of breeding because well-defined breed typology and high exterior evaluation cause high production efficiency. The objective of the study was to evaluate the exterior of the cows in Ukrainian Black and White dairy breed, to analyze the effectiveness of the selection of first-calf cows according to the body measurements and to study the influence of genotype factors on the formation of the exterior. For research purpose animal groups were formed on the principle of analogues, taking into account the part of Holstein inheritance, parentage, linear belonging, and age. Depending on the part of Holstein inheritance researched livestock was divided into three groups: 75,0-87,4 %, 87,5-99,9 % and 100 %. As a result of our own research it has been established that simultaneously with an increasing of the part of Holstein inheritance the body measurements increase too. It indicates about the improving effect of the Holstein breed on the formation of the exterior in the Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed. The first-calf cows with part of Holstein inheritance 100 % have advantages over the cows with the same age with part of Holstein inheritance 75,0-87,4 % with the withers height – 4 cm (P < 0,001), sacrum height – 4 cm (P <0.001), depth of chest – 1 cm, width of chest – 1 cm, width of hips – 1 cm, length of thoracic – 3 cm, chest girth – 2 cm, width of pins – 1 cm (P <0,001); the advantage over the first-calf cows with part of Holstein inheritance 87,5-99,9 % was 3 cm in withers height, 2 cm in sacrum height and 1 cm in all other cases. An increasing of the part of Holstein inheritance is accompanied by an increasing of milk yield, milk fat and milk protein. The higher milk yield had cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 100 % – by 294 kg compared to cows of the same age with the part of Holstein inheritance 87,5-99,9 % and by 2017 kg (P < 0,001) compared to cows of the same age with the part of Holstein inheritance 75,0-87,4 %. Fat content in milk of cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 100 % was lower by 0,02 % compared to cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 87,5-99,9 % and 0,21 % (P < 0,001) compared to cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 75,0-87,4 %, it was expected – the higher milk yield, the lower fat content in milk. The effectiveness of the simultaneous complex selection of dairy cattle on several grounds depends on the existence of correlation between them. The correlation between the body measurements of cows and 305-milk yield is positive, but varied in strength. The average strength of the correlation is observed between the milk yield and withers height (r = +0,233, P < 0,001), milk yield and length of thoracic (r = +0,332, P < 0,01), in other cases, the strength of the correlation is weak, but with sacrum height (P < 0,01), chest girt (P < 0,01) and depth of chest (P < 0,05) is significant. One-factor dispersion analysis was carried out to determine the level of determinism of live weight and body measurements by genotype factors. According to the results it was established that the influence of the bull's origin on the live weight of their first-calf daughters was 72,8 %, on the body measurements – 31,5- 91,3 %, the influence of line belonging amounted 81,0 % and 36,1-69,4 %, the influence of the part of Holstein inheritance was 26,3 % and 15,9-39,5 %, respectively. All genotypic factors have a significant effect on the live weight of the first-calf cows (P < 0,05 ... 0,001), withers height (P < 0,05...0,01), width of chest (P < 0,01...0,001) and width of pins (P < 0,05...0,001). Thus, the greatest influence on the body measurements and live weight of first-calf cows has the bull's origin, just below – the line belonging, the lowest – the part of Holstein inheritance, but in all cases it is rather high. It was established that for improvement of the cows` exterior will be promote the using of bulls and lines that have the desirable indicators of live weight and body measurements of daughters, as well as animals with a high part of Holstein inheritance, which have by good exterior characteristics. For effective selection it is needed to use of detected correlations between milk yield and body measurements. Key words: exterior, body measurements, part of Holstein inheritance, bull's origin, milk productivity.

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