scholarly journals Relative variability of phenotypic traits and indicators of milk productivity of cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (95) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Ye. I. Fedorovych ◽  
V. V. Fedorovych ◽  
P. V. Bodnar ◽  
S. I. Fyl ◽  
A. V. Dymchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Relative Variability

The research was conducted on cattle of Black-and-White breed (Holstein and Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed) at LLC “Veleten” Glukhiv district of Sumy region (n = 1956) and PJSC “Breeding Plant “Stepnoy” of Kamyansko-Dniprovsk district of Zaporizhzhia region (n = 1981). Based on retrospective data analysis (“Uniform-Agri” – program of dairy herd management) for the period from 2004 to 2017 it was studied the live weight of cows in growing period (newborns, 6, 12; 18 months, at first insemination and after the first calving), body measurements of heifers (height at shoulders, chest depth, chest width, chest girth behind the shoulder blades, oblique body length, width of hips, wrist girth) and traits of reproducibility (age at first insemination, age at first calving, duration of service period, insemination index, fertility index) and milk productivity of cows (milk yields for 305 days, fat and protein content in milk for the first, second and third lactation). Based on our previously obtained data by correlation analysis method it was studied the relative variability of phenotypic traits and indicators of dairy productivity of cows. It is established that the connections of live weight of cows during their rearing with traits of milk productivity were multidirectional and ranged from slightly improbable to moderately significant values. At the same time, in both farms, the most significant highly probable connection was noted between the live weight of animals at the age of 12 months and the milk yield of first-borns that indicates the possibility of selecting heifers at the specified age to provide them future high milk productivity. There was significant variability of the relationship between body measurements and the amount of milk yield of cows for the first, second and third lactation. However, cows of both farms, had direct connection, but a bit weaker in animals at PJSC “Breeding Plant “Stepnoy”. Positive correlation coefficients between indicators of exterior and milk yields of cows give reasons to claim the efficiency of indirect selection of heifers by body measurements. Rational management of dairy farming and high profits depend a lot on knowledge of regularities of correlative variability of productive traits of cows and indicators of reproductive capacity. It is established that the connections between the traits of milk productivity and reproductive capacity of animals were different and ranged from weak to medium and from reliable to improbable. The most significant highly reliable, however, with negative correlation coefficients were observed between milk yield of cows for all studied lactations and their age at the first insemination and the first calving

scholarly journals Reproductive qualities and milk productivity of black-and-white cows depending on sire lineage

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
S. L. Belozertseva ◽  
L. L. Petrukhina
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Significant Difference

The paper presents the results of studying the effect of sire lineage on reproductive qualities and milk yield of cows. The study was carried out inIrkutskregion on a herd of Holsteinized black-andwhite cattle of Pribaikalsky type. The analysis of the main characteristics of reproductive capacity of herd cows on a farm was performed during 2013–2018. The material of the research work was based on the informational database of animals from the program of breeding register Selex. Cows were divided according to sire lineage and milk productivity into five groups by the level of milk yield: from 5000 to6500 kg, 6501-8000, 8001-9500, 9501-11000 and more than11001 kg. Successful insemination of heifers took place at the age of 15.7-16.6 months with the live weight of more than400 kg, which corresponds to zootechnical standards. The earliest (15.7 months) insemination was in heifers of Reflection Sovereign sire line, the age of first calving was 753 days with the live weight of561 kg. The latest (498 days) successful insemination was observed in heifers of Montvik Chieftain bull line with the live weight of498 kg. Cows of Sealing Trygen Rocket (8766 kg) and Reflection Sovereign (8704 kg) sire lines had the highest milk productivity with a significant difference (p ≥ 0.90). The cows of these lines had the longest service period (164 and 179 days), as well as the length of the calving interval (445 and 458 days), respectively. The coefficient of reproductive capacity of cows of different sire lines ranged from 0.80 to 0.88, which is a low indicator.

Influence of the age at the first insemination and live weight on milk productivity of cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
L. L. Petrukhina ◽  
S. L. Belozertseva
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
White Breed

The materials of the long-term (2008–2018) research into the reproductive function of cattle of the black-and-white breed of Baikal type in Irkutsk region are presented. The influence of the age at the first insemination and live weight on cows’ milk productivity, lifelong productivity and productive longevity was studied. The experiment was conducted on the basis of materials from the breeder-farm for breeding cattle of Baikal type on the groups of cows of different ages: up to 14–20 months and older. Cows inseminated at 16 months (7917 kg) had the best milk yield in the first lactation. The largest milk yield was obtained from inseminated cows with live weight of 401-410 kg. Milk production of these heifers was 7902 kg in the first lactation, 8792 kg – in the second and 8710 kg – in the third. It was revealed that age of cows and their live weight at the first successful insemination had a positive effect on the lifelong productivity and productive longevity of cows. Cows whose age at the first successful insemination was 15 or 16 months had a longer duration of productive use (productive life span of animals was 2561–2558 days, respectively). The highest lifelong productivity (34379–34585 kg) was obtained from the cows of this group. The economic efficiency of lifelong milk production was determined depending on the age of the first insemination. The highest lifelong milk productivity was obtained from cows, which were first inseminated at the age of 15–16 months. The largest revenue from sales of additional products was also received from the cows of this group (366,058–370,480 roubles per head). The results obtained allow to develop effective methods for increasing reproductive capacity of cattle.

scholarly journals USEFUL FEATURES OF DAIRY COWS AND THEIR CONNECTION WITH PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 50-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Mazur ◽  
Ye. I. Fedorovych ◽  
V. V. Fedorovych
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Selection Of

A fundamental genetic improvement of domestic dairy breeds is carried out by using the gene pool of the best foreign breeds, in particular Holstein. This approach has greatly improved the milk productivity of cows, but has led to a significant deterioration in reproduction, longevity, product quality, general animal health etc. Taking into account that the increase of the milk productivity of cows leads to a shortening of their use, this problem will only become aggravated over time. Therefore, it is now necessary to direct scientific research into a comprehensive assessment of animals taking into account the signs of lifelong productivity. In view of the above, the purpose of our research was to study the economic utility signs of dairy cows and their relationship with productive longevity. The research was conducted on cows of Holstein (n = 2902), Ukrainian Black- (n = 14876) and Red-and-White (n = 2176) dairy breeds. To characterize the economic useful signs of animals of the studied breeds based on the materials of the primary zootechnical and breeding records, weighed growth of animals, reproductive capacity, milk productivity and duration and efficiency of lifetime use were studied. It was established that heifers of investigated dairy breeds were characterized by a moderate intensity of growth of live weight, as evidenced by average daily increments from birth to 18 months of age: in animals of Holstein breed – 644, Ukrainian Black-and-White milk breed – 641 and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed 692 g. The first fruitful insemination of heifers of the Holstein breed occurred on average at the age of 19.1, Ukrainian Black and Red-and-White dairy breeds - 20.4 and 20.8 months, while their live weight at that was 405.3; 414.3 and 438.5 kg respectively. The milk yield of the Holstein breed cows, depending on the lactation, was 4846–7920 kg, the fat content in milk was 3.63–3.74% and the amount of milk fat was 181.2–279.7 kg, the Ukrainian Black-and-White milk breed was 4008–6317 kg, 3.63–3.70% and 148.6–228.8 kg respectively, while Ukrainian Red-and-White milk is 4578–6592 kg, 3.74–3.87% and 177.2–245.9 kg. The cows of the given breeds were used in herds only 2.32–2.50 lactation. The highest life milk yield was noted in animals of the Holstein breed (18,669 kg), and the lowest (14,940 kg) in the cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White breed. Correlation analysis of economic characteristics of dairy cows with indicators of their productive longevity confirms the possibility of conducting an indirect predictive selection of animals in order to form high-yielding herds with long-term economic use. Among the studied features, the greatest predictive value (P < 0.001) for the indicators of life expectancy, productive use, lactation, the number of lactation per life, life yield and lifetime of milk fat have yield of cows for the first (r = -0.217 – +0.205) and the best lactation (r = +0.061 – +0.609). An intermediary predictive selection of animals can also be carried out according to the duration of their first service period (r = -0.462 – +0.106) and live weight during growing season (r = -0.286 – +0.126). It was established that live weight at the first insemination and the first calving significantly influenced the indicators of life yields, economic use and lactation of animals, as evidenced mainly by higher and reliable values of correlation coefficients between these indices. It should also be noted that the correlation coefficients between the live weight of cows in the first calving and the duration of life, productive use, lactation and the number of lactations in life were somewhat higher but negative values (r = -0,130 – -0,070), compared with the between live weight at the time of first insemination and the above indicators of longevity of animals (r = -0,037 – +0,094). This suggests that the effect of live weight on the first calving of animals on their longevity was somewhat higher than the effect of live weight at the first insemination. Our data show that the selection of cows by the age of the first calving and the duration of the first lactation is not significant, since there is practically no link between these features and the indicators of productive longevity.

Milk productivity of the cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in environment of the Novosibirsk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zheltikov ◽  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
D. Adushinov ◽  
O. Zaiko ◽  
V. Dementev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The characteristic of milk productivity of cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” in the Maslyaninsky district in the Novosibirsk region has been given. It has been revealed that under the natural and climatic environments of the Western Siberia, when creating favorable conditions for feeding and housing for cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds have sufficiently high milk productivity. It has been found that Holstein first-calf heifers surpassed their Simmental herdmates by 959 kg in milk yield for the first 305 days of lactation under the same conditions of housing and feeding, by 3,1 kg in daily milk yield, by 38,2 kg in milk fat yield, and by 28,3 kg in milk protein yield (P < 0,001). There were no statistically significant differences between animals of Holstein and Simmental breeds in terms of fat and protein content in milk, which amounted to 3,94 and 2,96 % in Holstein breed and 3,97 and 2,98 % in Simmental breed, respectively. Both breeds have shown high milk productivity during the first 3 lactations. Thus, the milk yield of Holstein cows for the first 3 lactation was 6475–9290 kg, Simmental cows it was 5516–7680 kg, fat content was 3,93–3,99 and 3,96–3,97 %, respectively. The protein content in the milk of cows of both breeds did not exceed 3,0 %. High variability has been found in milk yield, yield of milk fat and protein, the coefficient of milk content and duration of lactation, the lowest in the content of protein and fat in milk and live weight. The correlation coefficients between the fat and protein content in milk were generally positive, but did not exceed 0,28. Therefore, breeding in the herd of cows in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” have to be conducted not only by fat content, but also by protein content in milk.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE BODY MEASUREMENTS COWS UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED AFTER THE FIRST CALVING ON THE FORMATION OF FURTHER MILK PRODUCTIVITI

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
М. І. Kuziv ◽  
Е. І. Fedorovych ◽  
N. M. Kuziv ◽  
I. V. Novak
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Pelvic Bones ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Dairy Breed

The productivity cow dairy breed largely depends on the careful evaluation and selection of animals by milk production and the type of exterior. The estimation of animals by measuring of body plays an important role in plant-breeding work in the process of further improvement of the newly formed Ukrainian dairy breeds by the type. It’s because exterior is one of the main signs of breeding dairy cattle together with indicators of milk production, reproductive ability and productive longevity. The aim of research was to investigate the formation of milk productivity of cows black and white dairy cattle based on their body measurements after the first calving. The research was done on animals Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed in the «Milk River» farm in the Sokal and Brody offices breeding reproducers «Breeder» Lviv region and plant-breeding «Yamnytsya» Ivano-Frankivsk region. The body measurements of first calving cows (height at withers and depth of chest, breast width, chest girth, scythe body length, the width of the pelvic bones and metacarpus circumference cow) and milk productivity (the milk yield, fat content in milk and milk fat) cows first, second, third and better lactation were studied by the materials zoo technical accounting. The force of influence on performance metrics was calculated by Single-factor disperse analysis method. The results of research were treated by variational statistics by G.F. Lakin. Established that the milk yield of cows Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cattle depends on body measurements after the first calving. The cows Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed in Western Ukraine that after the first calving had a height at the withers 134-136,9 cm, depth of chest – 76 cm or more, chest width – 47 cm or more, chest girth by shoulder blades – 196-203,9 cm, scythe body length – 160-164,9 cm, the width of the pelvic bones – 53 cm and metacarpus circumference cow –19-20,4 cm, are the most productive. Animals with these measurements of the body most of the largest number of yield milk and milk fat had probable advantage over cows with other indicators of these measurements. By the fat content in milk by the first, second, third and better lactation there was no significant difference between animals with different body measurements after the first calving in most cases. Among the studied parameters milk productivity of cows and measurements of their bodies after first calving we found varying strength and direction of correlation. The correlation coefficients between body measurements firstborns and yield milk by the first, second, third and better lactation were positive and depended on measurements and lactation ranged from +0,297 to +0,478. Between such measurements of firstborns, as the height at the withers, the depth of chest, width of chest, chest girth in blades, the width of the pelvic bones and with fat content in milk for the first, second, third and better lactation correlation coefficients were though low, but positive, and dependently on measurements and lactation were within +0,026 – +0,109. The correlation coefficients between the oblique body length after the first calving cows and fat content in milk were negative (-0,045 – -0,005) and between metacarpus circumference and fat ranged from negative to positive values (-0,038 – +0,017). The correlation coefficients between measurements body in firstborn and milk fat yield in the first, second, third and better lactation were positive and dependently on measurements and lactation ranged from +0,288 to +0,473. The likely positive correlation coefficient between soundings article body and yield milk and milk fat yield indicates that selection of cows by exterior will ensure the effectiveness of selection by milk productivity. The impact of body measurements cows after first calving on the milk yield value dependently on lactation yield was 7,6-22,9 %, on the yield of milk fat – 7,1-22,9 %. The greatest influence on these indicators were height at the withers, the depth of the chest, chest girth shoulder blades and scythe body length, somewhat lower impact had breast width and the width of the pelvic bones and lowest – metacarpus circumference. The impact of body measurements cows after first calving on the fat content in milk was negligible and, dependently on measurements and lactation ranged from 0,1 to 1,6 %.

scholarly journals Reproductive qualities of dairy cows at different levels of milk yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-596
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Titova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

The article presents the results of the analysis of the reproductive ability of cows depending on the level of their milk productivity. The studies were conducted in the Republic of Mari El on cows of the Holstein black-and-white breed (n = 3828). There have been studied the influence of different levels of milk yield on the duration of the service period and period between calvings, the output of calves per 100 cows, the coefficient of reproductive ability. The studies used the comparison method, correlation, regression and one-factor analysis of variance. It has been established that the milk yield increases with the age of cows, but at the same time the duration of the service period and calving interval increases. In first-calf cows, the service period was 128.8 days (Cv = 75.1 %), the calving interval was 403.6 days (Cv = 23.5 %). By the third lactation, with an increase in milk yield by 1030 kg (15.4 %), the duration of the service period increased by 7.2 days (5.6 %), the calving interval  -by 12.3 days (3.0 %). The share of the impact (ƞ2x) of milk yield on the duration of the service period was 5.4 %, the calving interval -4.7 %. The correlation coefficients between milk yield for 305 days of the first lactation and the duration of the service period and calving interval were 0.24 and 0.22 (p<0.05), with milk yield for the entire lactation 0.81 (p<0.05). The optimal indicators of the service period (89.4 days), the calving interval (369.4 days), the reproductive capacity (0.94) and the output of calves (1.0) were possessed by the first heifers with low milk productivity-milk yield less than 5000 kg of milk. In animals with the milk yield of 6000-9000 kg of milk or more, the duration of the service period was 12.4-249.6 % higher, the calving interval -by 1.9-32.5 % (p<0.05). According to the regression coefficients, on average, each increase in milk yield per 1000 kg increased the duration of the service period by 25.9 days, the calving interval -by 23.1 days, which worsened the output of calves by 0.24 %, and the coefficient of reproductive ability decreased by 16.0 %.

scholarly journals The impact of reproductive capacity indicators of simmental cattle on their milk productivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. V. Fedorovych
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
The Impact

It is well known with an increase of milk productivity of cows their reproductive capacity in general became worse. Therefore, it is important to establish optimal parameters of the first age insemination and first calving, duration of service- and inter-calving periods. In view of the above, the purpose of our researches was to study the influence of reproductive capacity parameters of Simmental cows on the formation of milk productivity. The study were conducted on 331 cows in agricultural LLC «Litynskyy» Drohobych raion, Lviv oblast. Evaluation of milk productivity and reproductive capacity of the animals (in 20 years) were performed according to the data of zootechnical accounting for the first, second, third and the best lactations. The differences in rates of milk productivity depending on the parameters of their reproductive capacity were established. Animals with age of first fruitful insemination 18.1–20.0, with first calving age – 27.1–29.0, duration of service period – 101–120 and duration of the inter-calving period – 381–400 days had the best yields and the highest quantity of milk fat. According to the above mentioned indicators of milk productivity they are likely dominated by animals with bigger or smaller indicators of reproductive capacity, but in most cases, this advantage was unreliable. It was found positive highly significant links between indicators of reproductive capacity of cows and milk yield. The highest correlation coefficients were observed between age of first calving and their milk yields, depending on lactation, they were 0.380–0.498, lower – between age of first insemination and milk yield – 0.316–0.456 and the lowest – between service- and inter-calving periods and yield – 0.124–0.335; 0.127–0.331 respectively. The impact of the abovementioned indicators on yield was within 23.13–39.88; 28.63–45.02; 30.98–35.17%, respectively. 

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF FIRST CALVING COWS UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED DEPENDING ON WEIGHT GROWTH OF HEIFERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
А. А. Klimkovetskyi ◽  
D. K. Nosevych
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Dairy Breed

The productivity of cows with the first calving depending on live weight and average daily gains of heifers during rearing studied. The data of animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed of Kyiv factory type used for the research. Every three months, from birth to 18 months of age, heifers were determined live weight and average daily gain. According to the indicators of weight growth, the heifers divided into 5 groups of the standard deviation principle from the mean. In animals included in these groups studied the performance of the first lactation. It found that obtaining a live weight of 3-month-old heifers over 127 kg can significantly reduce the age of the first calving. The advantage over animals belonging to the groups with less weight is 2.7-3.5 months. Increasing the live weight of heifers at 12 and 15 months also allows reducing the age of the first calving. Moderate (less than 722 g per day) growth of heifers at the age of 6-9 months also has a positive effect on the reduction of the age of the first calving. The weight of newborns heifers during lactation was associated with first calving cow’s milk yield. Heifers born with the lowest live weight (less than 28 kg) had after the first calving milk yield per lactation 145… 1956 kg more than in other groups. The live weight of 3-month-old heifers is of the greatest importance for the formation of high milk productivity of cows. Obtaining live weight of heifers of this age 117-127 kg with an average daily gain of 902-1037 g provided in first the lactation the largest milk yield with an advantage over animals of other groups up to 3119 kg. In older age periods, the influence of growing heifers on the formation of milk productivity is less pronounced, and the optimal live weight and growth rate was at the level of the average size of the herd. The research results can used to optimize the growth plans of heifers and their selection.

scholarly journals The influence of genotypic factors on the forming of the economic use of values of ukrainian bleck and wheat milk breeds

2018 ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Klopenko ◽  
R. Stavetska ◽  
M. Bushtruk ◽  
I. Starostenko ◽  
O. Babenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Selection Of

The evaluation of dairy cows` exterior plays a key role in the system of breeding because well-defined breed typology and high exterior evaluation cause high production efficiency. The objective of the study was to evaluate the exterior of the cows in Ukrainian Black and White dairy breed, to analyze the effectiveness of the selection of first-calf cows according to the body measurements and to study the influence of genotype factors on the formation of the exterior. For research purpose animal groups were formed on the principle of analogues, taking into account the part of Holstein inheritance, parentage, linear belonging, and age. Depending on the part of Holstein inheritance researched livestock was divided into three groups: 75,0-87,4 %, 87,5-99,9 % and 100 %. As a result of our own research it has been established that simultaneously with an increasing of the part of Holstein inheritance the body measurements increase too. It indicates about the improving effect of the Holstein breed on the formation of the exterior in the Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed. The first-calf cows with part of Holstein inheritance 100 % have advantages over the cows with the same age with part of Holstein inheritance 75,0-87,4 % with the withers height – 4 cm (P < 0,001), sacrum height – 4 cm (P <0.001), depth of chest – 1 cm, width of chest – 1 cm, width of hips – 1 cm, length of thoracic – 3 cm, chest girth – 2 cm, width of pins – 1 cm (P <0,001); the advantage over the first-calf cows with part of Holstein inheritance 87,5-99,9 % was 3 cm in withers height, 2 cm in sacrum height and 1 cm in all other cases. An increasing of the part of Holstein inheritance is accompanied by an increasing of milk yield, milk fat and milk protein. The higher milk yield had cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 100 % – by 294 kg compared to cows of the same age with the part of Holstein inheritance 87,5-99,9 % and by 2017 kg (P < 0,001) compared to cows of the same age with the part of Holstein inheritance 75,0-87,4 %. Fat content in milk of cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 100 % was lower by 0,02 % compared to cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 87,5-99,9 % and 0,21 % (P < 0,001) compared to cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 75,0-87,4 %, it was expected – the higher milk yield, the lower fat content in milk. The effectiveness of the simultaneous complex selection of dairy cattle on several grounds depends on the existence of correlation between them. The correlation between the body measurements of cows and 305-milk yield is positive, but varied in strength. The average strength of the correlation is observed between the milk yield and withers height (r = +0,233, P < 0,001), milk yield and length of thoracic (r = +0,332, P < 0,01), in other cases, the strength of the correlation is weak, but with sacrum height (P < 0,01), chest girt (P < 0,01) and depth of chest (P < 0,05) is significant. One-factor dispersion analysis was carried out to determine the level of determinism of live weight and body measurements by genotype factors. According to the results it was established that the influence of the bull's origin on the live weight of their first-calf daughters was 72,8 %, on the body measurements – 31,5- 91,3 %, the influence of line belonging amounted 81,0 % and 36,1-69,4 %, the influence of the part of Holstein inheritance was 26,3 % and 15,9-39,5 %, respectively. All genotypic factors have a significant effect on the live weight of the first-calf cows (P < 0,05 ... 0,001), withers height (P < 0,05...0,01), width of chest (P < 0,01...0,001) and width of pins (P < 0,05...0,001). Thus, the greatest influence on the body measurements and live weight of first-calf cows has the bull's origin, just below – the line belonging, the lowest – the part of Holstein inheritance, but in all cases it is rather high. It was established that for improvement of the cows` exterior will be promote the using of bulls and lines that have the desirable indicators of live weight and body measurements of daughters, as well as animals with a high part of Holstein inheritance, which have by good exterior characteristics. For effective selection it is needed to use of detected correlations between milk yield and body measurements. Key words: exterior, body measurements, part of Holstein inheritance, bull's origin, milk productivity.

scholarly journals THE GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY OF HEIFERS AND FIRST-CALF COWS UKRAINIAN RED AND BLACK-SPOTTED DAIRY BREEDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL REGION OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
G. D. Ilyashenko
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Fertility Index ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy

Introduction. The significant and long-term increasing of milk yield is possible only with proper organization of heifer breeding. Therefore, now is important to study the ontogenetic patterns of living mass formation. It is known, that between the growth rate of heifers and their future milk productivity exists correlation. The young age’s animals, which have a high growth energy, in the first lactation give 5000–6000 kg of milk. The force of influence of the live weight the heifers on variability of milk productivity, in depending on the age and lactation, is concluded 8.21–42.87%. The aim of our research was to study the dynamics of live weight, reproductive capacity and the level of their interconnection of heifers and first-born cows of Ukrainian Red and Black-and-White dairy breeds. Materials and methods of research. The research was carried out on first-born, heifers of Ukrainian Red (UR) and Black-and-White dairy breeds (UBS) in SE «SH «Elitne» ISА NAAS». Groups of animals (n = 15) were formed for research by the method of analog pairs. Growth indicators were studied: live weight at 3-, 6-, 9-, 12- and 15-month-old age, at the first insemination. Reproductive ability was studied: age of the first insemination and calving, duration of pregnancy of heifers and first-born, duration of service and intercorporeal periods. Along with the main studied indicators, auxiliary indicators were calculated: reproductive capacity, fertility index and possible yield of calves per 100 cows. The biometric processing of the obtained data was carried out according to the method of N. A. Plokhinsky, using Microsoft Excel software. Research results. The studies of ontogenetic patterns in formation the live weight of repair heifers in controlled herds demonstrated a fairly high level of their cultivation. However, it was found that the growth rate of live weight of heifers in the studied breeds at different ages was different. Thus, at the age of six months, the animals of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed significantly outnumbered the analogues of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed. The interbreed difference in this period by live weight was 5.0 ± 1.70 kg (P < 0.01). At 9, 12, and 15 months their weight gaining was 15.0 ± 3.42 kg, respectively; 26.0 ± 4.08 kg; and 29.0 ± 6.48 kg, at P < 0.001. In general, during the growing period, the absolute increasing in live weight of UBS heifers by 7.0% exceeded that of UR heifers. At the same time, heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed were more precocious and had the age of the first insemination, which was 14.5 months at a live weight of 400 kg, while the peers of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed were 15.4 months and 402 kg. Characterizing the coefficient of variation of live weight of heifers, we should note the tendency to decrease with age in both breeds. Thus, the level in the for Ukrainian Red reached 11.6% in three months, for Ukrainian Black-and-White – 15.0%, at the age of 15 months respectively 8.9% and 8.4%. It was established the significant coefficients of recurrence of live weight of heifers during the year with such at 9, 12 and 15 months of age with high degrees of probability. This indicates the possibility of effective early selection. The studies of the reproductive capacity of heifers and first-born demonstrated, that the age of first insemination and calving were significantly lower in heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. The difference was 26.0 ± 9.8 days (td = 2.65, at P < 0.05) and 22.0 ± 9.5 days (td = 2.31, at P < 0.05), respectively. However, in terms of duration of pregnancy and service period of first-born cows, Ukrainian Red animals had positively lower values in compare to the analogues of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, which provided a higher reproductive capacity at the level of (0.90 vs. 0.88) and estimated possibility yield of calves per 100 cows (90.3 vs. 87.7 heads). However, the fertility index for both breeds was at the same level 48.7–48.8. The interconnection of live weight of animals at different ages with the indicators of reproductive capacity was mostly the opposite in direction at an unreliable level in most cases. However, both breeds show a positive interconnection between live weight at 6 months of age and fertility index, between live weight at 1st insemination and age of 1st insemination, and between live weight at 1st insemination and coefficient of reproducibility Conclusions. It was found, that at different ages the heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed significantly (p < 0.01) outnumbered the analogues of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed, and the coefficient of variation with age on this basis decreased for both breeds. The coefficients of recurrence of live weight of the studied heifers, which are quite significant at high degrees of probability, were revealed, which indicates the possibility of effective early selection. Thus, the live weight of Ukrainian Black-and-White heifers at 9, 12 and 15 months of age can be reliably predicted by its size at the age of three months after birth - heifers of Ukrainian Red dairy breed a little later. There was a positive interconnection between live weight at 6 months age and fertility index, between live weight at the first insemination and age of the first insemination and between live weight at the first insemination and кcoefficient of reproducibility.

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