scholarly journals DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY AND EXTERIOR TYPE OF FIRST-CALVE COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED DEPENDING ON UDDER-MASO-METRIC INDEX

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
M. S. Pelehatyi ◽  
O. А. Kochuk-Iashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Score System ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Complex Features ◽  
Dairy Breed

The theory and practice of breeding show that optimal results can be achieved by a complete evaluation of the genotype. The leading method of such an estimation is an index expression, which accumulates in one indicator the optimal ratio of breeding signs. In this aspect, it is important to use the breeding indices, which are estimated by the exteriors of animals, since breeding only on the indicators of milk productivity, namely on the level of fertility, contributes to the degradation of reproductive ability and, generally speaking, to the early extinction of the herd of animals. This determines the relevance of our work. The aim of the work was to study the effectiveness of selection first-born cows by the udder-mass-metric index in the herd of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed.The research was carried out on 198 first-born cows Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed PAC "Yerchi". We used the basis of breeding records and the results of their own research.The differentiation of cows by the size of the wizard-mass-metric index was carried out according to the methodology of O. P. Polkovnikova wiith co-authors. Groups are conventionally called early, optimal and late.The results of our research showed that the first-born cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, separated by the size of this index, significantly differ in their complexes features of the 100-score system of linear classification of the exterior type. The studied animals of the three groups for all the complexes of the 100-score system received rather high ratings: from 78.8 to 81.9 points, which corresponds to the classes "good" and "good with the plus" in accordance with international requirements.In general, there is a clear tendency that with an increase in the value of the udder-mass-metric index there is an increase in the overwhelming majority of complex features of linear classification, except for the complex features of the exterior, which characterizes the development of the body and gives an idea of the size of animals. Better were animals of groups II.With the increase in the size of the udder-mass-metric index in cows, the level of assessments of the main descriptive traits is also significantly increased. The best indicators of the descriptive features of the linear classification of the exterior were the group of animals of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, which, according to the value of the udder-maso-metric index, are classified as high-value groups of magnitude 16.9 or more. units, the worst – animals of the first group (11.7 and less than units of scientists). The difference between animals of the best and worst groups in 50% of cases was reliable (P < 0.05–0.001).The dynamics of dairy productivity in a certain way "copies" the dynamics of group and descriptive signs of the exterior type of animals. That is, with the increase of the size of the udder-mass-metric index there is a linear increase in quantitative characteristics of milk productivity.The animals of the group III showed the best results in PAC “Yerchyky”. From them received 305 days of the first lactation of 6036 kg with fat content of 3.63% and the amount of milk fat and protein, respectively, 218 and 185.0 kg. The lowest counts are first-born cows of group I (5390, 3.57, 193.5 and 166.3 respectively). Animals of group II occupy an intermediate position. The difference between the groups of animals for milk productivity, differentiated by the size of the exterior index in 40% of cases was reliable.The distribution of animals by the size of the extermination index (UMMI) completely copies their location according to the overall assessment of the exterior type and the 305 days lactation, which again confirms the existence of a direct correlation between these features. That is, differentiation and selection of animals by the size of the udder-mass-metric index can be an effective method for improving the milk production and exterivation of animals in the milk breed herd of PAC “Yarchiki”.With the help of the exterior index, we can predict milk productivity, that is, with the increase in the value of UMMI per unit milk productivity, namely, milk for 305 days of lactation, increases by 323 kg.Increasing the value of the udder-mass-metric index is accompanied by an increase in the consolidation factor for all the blocks of attributes. That is, the selection with the maximum value of the index of group III will help to increase the typification of animals by the exterior type and productivity.We also studied the influence of the exterior index on the manifestation of exterior and productivity. The results of this analysis showed that the share of this index in the overall variability of the signs varies within the range of 1.87–16.88 among the signs of the 100-score linear classification system and 0.31–7.92 among the signs of milk productivity, but it should be noted, that in 70 and 80% of cases the force of influence was reliable, respectively (P < 0,05–0,001). On average, the impact strength of the 9-point linear classification system was 2.94%.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF HOLSTEIN BREED BULLS BY DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF THEIR DAUGHTERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
S. L. Voitenko ◽  
O. V. Sydorenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Paternal Origin ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed

The scientific community has shown that the genetic improvement of dairy cattle depends on many genotypic factors, including paternal ancestry and lineage. With this in mind, the purpose of our research was to evaluate the Holstein bulls of black-and-white and red-and-white suits of different lines for the milk productivity of their daughters. The research was carried out on the basis of primary breeding records of 10 breeding herds of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, 3 – Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed and one – Ukrainian Red Dairy breed, which are subordinated to NAAS. Cows of the studied breeds has divided into groups according to lineage and paternal origin. Studies have revealed a significant differentiation of milk yield of cows of the first and highest lactation not only of one breed, but also of linear affiliation and paternal origin. It was found that the yield of the first lactation in cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed varied from 3211 kg (Damir 7100354042) to 7884 kg (Dzhokus 113080315) of milk. Noteworthy are the daughters of Dzhokus 113080315, from which 9143 kg of milk were obtained for higher lactation, Polyarsten 342347941 and Manteno 344222859 – 8248 kg and 8290 kg of milk, respectively. The significant influence of paternal origin on the yield of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed cows of the first and higher lactation (31.0%; P > 0.999) and 37.3% has been proved; P > 0.999). The influence of genealogical formation on the milk productivity of cows was significant and amounted to 10.8% for the first lactation, higher – 10.2%. Some of the first-born Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed has characterized by high milk productivity, which steadily increased until the third and higher lactation. The yield of cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed of the first lactation varied from 5414 kg (Dialog 2009) to 6689 kg (Larets 6177), testifying to better homogeneity of herds in terms of milk productivity compared to the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. The highest yield of the third and highest lactation – 7626 kg, had cows-daughters of the bull Roman 660886883 Starbuck line 352790. The variability of milking cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed of the first and highest lactation by 25.0% and 15.2%, respectively, was due to the influence of the father offspring and to a lesser extent – belonging to the line. A very high (6517–8013 kg) realization potential of milking cows of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed was established, but it also depended on the paternal origin and linear affiliation. The highest yield of the first lactation were shown by the daughters of the bull Belisar 365235897, Dzhorin 114414759 and Tumpi 112367468, who produced 8013 kg, 7323 kg and 7170 kg of milk, respectively. In cows of this breed it was found that yield increased with increasing serial number of lactation, with the third and higher lactation cows produced more than 8000 kg of milk per lactation, and the daughters of bull Dzhorin 114414759 – more than 9000 kg. The influence of the bull on the milk productivity of the first-born cows of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed (16.7%; P > 0.999) is almost three times higher than this linear affiliation. Significant phenotypic variability of milk productivity of cows of different breeds of half-sisters by the father is established. The advantage of the daughters of the bull Belisar 365235897 of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed on milking of the first lactation over the representatives of the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed was 1932 kg (p < 0.001). The difference in milk yield of the first lactation of the half-sisters by the father, the bull Konbeo 579810507 was 1007 kg (p < 0.01), and Roman 660886883 – 717 kg. Thus, a significant phenotypic variability of milk productivity of cows of different breeds of half-sisters by father was established. At the same time, regardless of the breeder, the cows of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed were characterized by higher milk yield of the first lactation in comparison with the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed.

scholarly journals PHENOTYPIC CONSOLIDATION DAUGHTERS OF BULL-SIRES ESTIMATED BY THE METHOD OF LINEAR CLASSIFICA-TION

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Leontiy Khmelnychyi ◽  
Serhii Khmelnychyi ◽  
Dmitryi Bardash
Keyword(s):  
Linear Estimation ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Linear Description ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Dairy Breed

The aim of our research was to determine the degree of phenotypic consolidation coefficients of bull-sires daughters in the Sumy intra-breed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, estimated by linear traits that characterize the conformation type of cows. The experimental base of research was information on the linear classification of first-calf cows of Sumy intra-breed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in the PE "Burynske" breeding farm in Pidlisnivskyi department of Sumy district. The estimation of the first-calf cows by type was carried out using the method of linear classification by two systems: 9-point, with a linear description of 18 conformation traits and 100-point including four complexes of breeding traits that characterize: dairy type, body, limbs and udder. The coefficients of phenotypic consolidation (K1 and K2) cows of selection groups for linear traits of the conformation were determined according to formulas proposed by Yu. P. Polupan (2005). The level of phenotypic consolidation daughters of bull-sires estimated by group conformation traits indicated that regardless of the origin, phenotypic consolidation coefficients by overall type assessment had a positive value with a wide variability of coefficient K1 from 0.056 to 0.512 and coefficient K2 – from 0.065 to 0.505. Among all estimated by phenotypic consolidation bulls, less consolidated by group linear traits were found sires of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed – Motuzok and Front. Among sires of Holstein breed the best by group traits and overall assessment of the type were: V. Delight (K1 = 0.242-0.334; K2 = 0.247-0.349); D. Capris (K1 = 0.085-0.341; K2 = 0.089-0.348) and Hayes (K1 = 0.071-0.375; K2 = 0.082-0.370). From the sires of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed the Iceberg was the best (К1 = 0.059-0.478; К2 = 0.047-0.472). Magnitude of the degree phenotypic consolidation of descriptive traits of linear estimation daughters of bull-sires, regardless of origin, differed significantly by higher variability in comparison with group traits. Coefficients of phenotypic consolidation calculated by the formula K1, varied according to the bull-sires assessment from -0.434 (teats length of Iceberg daughters) to 0.504 (rump angle of Milliam daughters). The higher variability of phenotypic consolidation coefficients was revealed according to the formula K2, whose level varied from -0.571 (udder depth of Lyubimy's daughters) to 0.546 (angularity of Milliam daughters). By the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of descriptive traits K1 and K2, there wasn't found no one bull-sire only with positive values. The most consolidated for overwhelming majority of descriptive traits were the bulls-sires of Holstein breed – Lauer, Toprate and Milliam. The highest consolidation of descriptive traits had all daughters of bulls by angularity with the highest number of positive values of coefficients. The presence of a genetic influence of bull-sires on the degree of phenotypic consolidation of the majority of linear traits of daughters with a significant advantage of Holstein producers was established.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTENSITY OF BREEDING OF HEIFERS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED IN DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS ON THE FUTURE DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
S. F. Antonenko
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group I ◽  
Animal Number ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

The scientific experiment was carried out in two stages at State enterprise pilot farm “Hontarivka”, Vovchansk district, Kharkiv region. First stage. In a retrospective analysis of the rearing calf intensity from 3 to 6 months revealed that the highest live weight at 6-month age had animals of group III, .which is probably 47.0 kg or 34.6% and 23.0 kg or 14.4% (P < 0.001 in both comparison cases) outperformed peers I and II groups. A similar trend was observed in the analysis of live weight of heifers at 9 and 12-month age. Live weight at insemination in the higher growth group also had better rates of 4.0 and 3.7%, respectively, in animals of groups I and II (P < 0.001–0.05). It should be noted that the required live weight for insemination at heifers at growth rates of up to 500 g was reached in only 20.3 months, however, in the other two groups, the insemination age decreased by 1.5 and 1.7 months. Firstcalf heifers from group III also had the highest milk expectancy of 170.0 and 123.0 kg, or 3.1 and 2.3%, respectively, then animals in groups I and II. In the age period from 6 to 9 months it was found that at 9-month age heifers of group III had a higher live weight against animals of I and II groups respectively by 39.0 and 16.0 kg or 18.8 and 7.0% (P < 0.001 in both comparison cases). Intergroup differences by this indicator at 12-month age hiefers decreased to 35.0 and 8.0 kg, respectively, or 13.0 and 2.7% (P < 0.001 in both cases of comparison), which provided an advantage for the live weight of group III over I and II groups during the first fruitful insemination. Whereas the age of first fruitfull insemination, on the contrary, was lower at heifers of group III at 49 and 34 days than at groups I and II heifers. The highest milk productivity was also found at firstcalf heifers of group III at 634 kg or 12.3% (P < 0.001) and at 137 kg or 2.5% against animal I and II groups. The heifer live weight at the period from 9 to 12 months corresponded to the established differences at other age periods generally. And 12-month age calves of group III also significantly exceeded the analogues of group I by 38.0 kg or 14.0% (P < 0.001) and peers of group II – by 23.0 kg or 8.0% (P < 0.001). The live weight at fruitfull insemination of group III heifers was the largest and the difference compared with animals of group I was 21.0 kg or 5.3% (P < 0.01) and group II – 19.0 kg or 4.8% (P < 0.001). Group III animals also had the highest milk productivity, which is likely to be higher than group I peers by 751 kg or 14.5% (P < 0.001) and group II animals by 552 kg or 10.3% (P < 0.001). Second stage. It was found that during the experiment, live weight of free-stall keeping heifers were outnumbered by peers. In particular, the live weight of group I animals at the first month of the experiment was less by 8.0 kg or 2.9%, the second by 15.0 kg or 4.7% (P < 0.05) and the third by 19.0 kg or 5.4% against peers of group II. A similar pattern was observed in the estimation of intensive growth of these animals. However, at the end of the experiment, the heifers of the experimental group were 7.0 cm or 5.9% (P < 0.001) higher in the withers, 7.0 cm or 5.6% (P < 0.001) in the back, and the sacrum – 6.0 cm or 4.7% (P < 0.001). They showed deeper breasts by 3.0 cm or 4.9% (P < 0.01), larger breast widths – by 2.0 cm or 5.4% (P < 0.01), width in macaques – by 2.0 cm or 4.9% (P < 0.01), oblique torso length – 8.0 cm or 5.8% (P < 0.001), chest circumference 9.0 cm or 5.6% (P < 0.001) and girth – 1.0 cm or 6.1% (P < 0.01). It should be noted that from the second month of the research the animal number the free-stall keeping animal number, which ready for insemination, was more at 2.3 times or 5 goals than stall keeping heifers, and their live weight was more at 8 kg or 3.0%. With age, the differences between the groups gradually increased and by the third month reached 8 goals or 2.6 times and 19.0 kg or 5.7%.

scholarly journals Variability of dairy productivity of cows depending on the breeding method by lines

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
L. Khmelnychyi ◽  
A. Salohub
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Statistical Reliability ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Dairy Breed

The effectiveness of intraline and interline selection at breeding of Sumy intrabreed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed were carried out in the breeding farms of Pidlisnivskoyi branch of PJSC “Raise-Maximko” and “Pershe Travnya” in the Sumy district. According to the results of researches of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, regularities of influence on the level of traits of dairy productivity of different variants of selection were determined and confirmed by statistical reliability. According to the evaluation of cows under control herds obtained during intra-linear and interlinear selections, it was found that most often among the evaluated variants the offspring obtained from interlinear crosses were the best on the grounds of milk productivity. In the herd of breeding farm “Pershe Travnya” sires of Starbak's parental line 352790 were successfully combined in all investigated variants of interlinear crosses with maternal Eleveyshna 1491007, Valianta 1650414, S.T. Rokita 252803 and P.F.A. Chifa 1427381, as evidenced by the high milk yield of cows, received from these combinations, which was according to the first lactation 5837-6223 kg of milk and higher - 6525-7474 kg. The difference in milk yield of first-born cows obtained in the interlinear crosses with Starbak's parent line 352790 ranged from 404 (P <0.05) to 790 kg (P <0.001). In the system of linear breeding the reasonableness of carrying out regular monitoring to evaluate the combination of lines in the breeding process of dairy breeds is motivated. Reapplication of the most successful and abandonment of ineffective selection options will help to increase the genetic potential of dairy productivity of cattle produced by Ukrainian breeds. Key words: Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, lines, milk productivity.

Features of the conformation type of first-born cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White Dairy breeds

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
L. Khmelnychyi ◽  
A. Loboda ◽  
D. Bardash
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Good Characteristic ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Final Score ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Significant Superiority

Research of first-born cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White Dairy breeds by linear traits was carried out. Research was conducted at the enterprises of the "Ukrlendfarminh" company: PE "Burynske" of Pidlisnivskoho Branch of Sumy District and LLC "Mlynivsky Complex" of Romny Branch of Sumy Region. According to the 100-point linear classification system, an interbreed difference was determined with the best indicators of animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed. The average scores of both breeds for the group traits and final assessment ranged from "good with plus" (80–84 scores). According to the estimation of group traits of dairy type, the predominance of animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed over Red-and-White was 1.3 scores (P <0.001); according to assess the condition of limbs and hooves, the difference was in favor of cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed with a difference of 1.3 scores (P <0.001). The best developed udder was found in cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, which outperformed the peers of Ukrainian Red-and-White one by 1.4 scores with high reliability (P <0.001). As a result, the final score was higher in cows of Ukrainian black-and-White Dairy breed (83.0 scores) with a slight but significant superiority of peers Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed, which was 0.4 scores (P <0.01). The developmental level of 18 descriptive traits of cows showed their considerable variability both within breeds and within each breed. In general, the evaluated animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed are characterized by well-pronounced height (6.3 scores), body depth (7.2 scores), angularity (6.8 scores), slope (5.1 scores) and rear width (6,5 scores), front udder parts attachment (6.5 scores), central ligament (6.4 scores) and udder depth (6.6 scores). The first-born cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed have better developed chest in width (6.9 scores) and body depth (7.5 scores), stronger hooves (6.4 scores). The conformation of animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed had a good characteristic of descriptive traits that determined their milkiness and for Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed – strength. Key words: Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed, linear assessment, conformation, type, milk productivity.

FEATURES OF THE EXTERIOR TYPE OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED OF THE CHERKASSY REGION, ESTIMATED BY THE LINEAR CLASSIFICATION METHOD

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
L. M. Khmelnychy
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Dairy Breed

The estimation of the first-born cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed by the exterior type in the leading breeding herds of Cherkassy region by the method of linear classification (n = 566) has been carried out. The results of the evaluated animals by the 100-score system indicate that within the group of traits, the average level of assessment is "good with the plus". The animals have been differed by the good development of group features characterizing the dairy type (82.4 score), body condition (83.5 score), limbs (82.8 score), udder (82.7 score) and overall score (82.8 score). The degree of development 18 descriptive traits of the exterior of cows, has been predicted by the method of linear classification, indicates their significant intraherd variability. Animals have the moderate height, deep body and angularity. The rump angle, the angle of hock joint and the teats length, according to the variability of scores in the range of 17.8–22.4%, have an average optimal development. The level of scores for the rear width (5.9 score), attachment of the fore (6.3 score) and the rear parts (6.0 score) of the udder testifies to their good development. The body structure of the cows-firstborn has a sufficient description of the type traits that determine their milk yield. At the present stage of selection and breeding work due to the use of bull-sires different origins and breeding value on the local population livestock with significant genotype diversity, the degree of influence each of the hereditary factors in the overall variability of linear features has a scientific and practical significance. In our studies, the force of influence conditional bloodiness of the Holstein mother's breed in the overall fraction of variability of linear type traits within the exterior complexes and the overall assessment takes a significant percentage - from 24.9 to 31.5 with a high degree of reliability according to Fischer's criterion. Among the descriptive traits, the proportion of influence the conditional bloodiness of mother, which is confirmed by high statistical confidence, ranges from 14.4 to 19.8%, and refers to the traits important for breeding. The level of coefficients of influence the father's breeding value in the total phenotypic variability for some of the linear traits is high and reliable. First of all it concerns group traits of the exterior, the development of which is determined by the pedigree value of father by 37.1–41.8%, and the overall assessment of type – by 46.6%. The coefficients of influence father's breeding value in most of the descriptive traits have high reliability (P < 0,001). The coefficients of the force of influence father, depending on the heredity of Holstein for the linear traits of almost the same level as his pedigree value. Since in this case the organized factor is purebreed Holstein and crossbreed bulls-sires of domestic selection, the positive role of Holstein heredity in improving the exterior type of cows has been traced realistically. The necessity of linear breeding, as an effective method in the system of dairy cattle breeding, has been substantiated by reliable values of the coefficients of the force of influence of father's line on the linear traits of offspring (3.4–29.5%). Despite the significant variability of coefficients of the force of influence on the linear traits, most of them have a high level of reliability within the evaluated body parts important for selection. The effect of cows belonging to the maternal line on the development of features of the body structure is insignificant and unreliable (5.3–9.2%). In the process of breeding aimed at improving cows of dairy herd by the exterior type, the pedigree value of parents has been assessed according to the method of linear classification of their daughters and their belonging to perspective genealogical formations.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE BODY MEASUREMENTS COWS UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED AFTER THE FIRST CALVING ON THE FORMATION OF FURTHER MILK PRODUCTIVITI

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
М. І. Kuziv ◽  
Е. І. Fedorovych ◽  
N. M. Kuziv ◽  
I. V. Novak
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Pelvic Bones ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Dairy Breed

The productivity cow dairy breed largely depends on the careful evaluation and selection of animals by milk production and the type of exterior. The estimation of animals by measuring of body plays an important role in plant-breeding work in the process of further improvement of the newly formed Ukrainian dairy breeds by the type. It’s because exterior is one of the main signs of breeding dairy cattle together with indicators of milk production, reproductive ability and productive longevity. The aim of research was to investigate the formation of milk productivity of cows black and white dairy cattle based on their body measurements after the first calving. The research was done on animals Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed in the «Milk River» farm in the Sokal and Brody offices breeding reproducers «Breeder» Lviv region and plant-breeding «Yamnytsya» Ivano-Frankivsk region. The body measurements of first calving cows (height at withers and depth of chest, breast width, chest girth, scythe body length, the width of the pelvic bones and metacarpus circumference cow) and milk productivity (the milk yield, fat content in milk and milk fat) cows first, second, third and better lactation were studied by the materials zoo technical accounting. The force of influence on performance metrics was calculated by Single-factor disperse analysis method. The results of research were treated by variational statistics by G.F. Lakin. Established that the milk yield of cows Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cattle depends on body measurements after the first calving. The cows Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed in Western Ukraine that after the first calving had a height at the withers 134-136,9 cm, depth of chest – 76 cm or more, chest width – 47 cm or more, chest girth by shoulder blades – 196-203,9 cm, scythe body length – 160-164,9 cm, the width of the pelvic bones – 53 cm and metacarpus circumference cow –19-20,4 cm, are the most productive. Animals with these measurements of the body most of the largest number of yield milk and milk fat had probable advantage over cows with other indicators of these measurements. By the fat content in milk by the first, second, third and better lactation there was no significant difference between animals with different body measurements after the first calving in most cases. Among the studied parameters milk productivity of cows and measurements of their bodies after first calving we found varying strength and direction of correlation. The correlation coefficients between body measurements firstborns and yield milk by the first, second, third and better lactation were positive and depended on measurements and lactation ranged from +0,297 to +0,478. Between such measurements of firstborns, as the height at the withers, the depth of chest, width of chest, chest girth in blades, the width of the pelvic bones and with fat content in milk for the first, second, third and better lactation correlation coefficients were though low, but positive, and dependently on measurements and lactation were within +0,026 – +0,109. The correlation coefficients between the oblique body length after the first calving cows and fat content in milk were negative (-0,045 – -0,005) and between metacarpus circumference and fat ranged from negative to positive values (-0,038 – +0,017). The correlation coefficients between measurements body in firstborn and milk fat yield in the first, second, third and better lactation were positive and dependently on measurements and lactation ranged from +0,288 to +0,473. The likely positive correlation coefficient between soundings article body and yield milk and milk fat yield indicates that selection of cows by exterior will ensure the effectiveness of selection by milk productivity. The impact of body measurements cows after first calving on the milk yield value dependently on lactation yield was 7,6-22,9 %, on the yield of milk fat – 7,1-22,9 %. The greatest influence on these indicators were height at the withers, the depth of the chest, chest girth shoulder blades and scythe body length, somewhat lower impact had breast width and the width of the pelvic bones and lowest – metacarpus circumference. The impact of body measurements cows after first calving on the fat content in milk was negligible and, dependently on measurements and lactation ranged from 0,1 to 1,6 %.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF UDDER DESCRIPTIVE LINEAR TRAITS ON COWS LIFETIME OF UKRAINIAN DAIRY BREEDS

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Leontiy Khmelnychyi ◽  
Victoria Vechorka
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Lower Score ◽  
Average Lifetime ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Studies have been performed to determine the relationship between assessment of linear udder traits and lifetime of cows. Experiments were carried out in the herd of breeding farm AF "Mayak" Zolotonosha district of Cherkasy region on the number of cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White (URW) and Black-and-White (UBW) dairy breeds. Estimation of cows firstborn by conformation type was carried out according to the method of linear classification. It was found that cows with higher estimates for condition of udder morphological traits have a longer lifetime compared to animals rated lower score. The difference between cows, rated at one and nine score for trait of the front udder part attachment, was very significant and amounted 939 (URW) and 710 (UBW) days. The difference between the lowest and highest estimates on the basis of height rear udder parts attachment was 687 (URW) and 878 (UBW) days. Animals with an assessment for udder central ligament development below the average (1.4 score) were used from 1675 to 1832 (URW) and from 1535 to 1810 (UBW) days according to estimated breeds. Cows with an assessment of nine score differed by higher lifetime - 2377 days, exceeding cows with the lowest score at 702 days (URW) and 2322 days with reliable excess on 785 days (UBW). The difference between the average lifetime of cows estimated at nine score and with assessment of one score for udder depth was 618 days in cows URW and in UBW - 762 days. It has been proven that cows were used longer in the herd with estimates for front teats position from five to nine score, and a significant decrease in lifetime of cows began with an estimate for this trait from three to one score. Thus, assessment of cows Ukrainian Red-and-White and Black-and-White dairy breeds by the method of linear classification confirmed that the desired development of udder morphological traits was the key to long lifetime cows in modern technological conditions of milk production.

scholarly journals PHENOTYPIC CONSOLIDATION OF BROWN BREEDS COWS BY LINEAR TRAITS OF CONFORMATION TYPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
L. M. Khmelnychyi ◽  
V. V. Vechorka
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Final Estimate ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Breeding Groups ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Genetic Specificity

Breeding practice testifies that phenotypic and genetic specificity and an appropriate level of consolidation by leading economically useful traits are important characteristics and binding conditions for testing and subsequent genetic progress of breeds and their structural breeding units. Therefore, in the aspect of estimation of the conformation type of brown breeds in Sumy region – Lebedyn, Ukrainian brown dairy and brown Swiss, the level of phenotypic consolidation coefficients of firstborn cows, evaluated by the method of linear classification, was studied. Five farms of Sumy region were used as the basis of experiments: PJSC “Plemzavod “Mykhailivka” Lebedynsky, PAF “Kolos” and SE “Pobeda” of Bilopilsky and pedigree reproducers – AJSCCT “Zorya” Okhtyrsky and JSC “Mayak” of Trostyanets districts. The coefficients of phenotypic consolidation (K1 and K2) of breeding groups of animals on linear traits of conformation were determined by formulas proposed by Yu. P. Polupan (2005). Taking into account the importance of estimation of breeds of dairy cattle created in the process of interbreed combinations, in the aspect of studying the genetic progress and the desired level of their phenotypic consolidation, determining the degree of coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of cows of brown breeds in Sumy region by linear traits, that characterize the conformation type of animals, is motivated and relevant research. According to the group traits of 100-point linear classification system was revealed that the most consolidated by type were animals of brown Swiss breed by all group traits (K1 = 0.274–0.362; K2 = 0.262–0.369) and the final type assessment (K1 = 0.304; K2 = 0.322). The negative values of phenotypic consolidation coefficients indicated that the least consolidated by type were animals of the Swiss breed, especially on the group traits that characterize the dairy type (K1 = -0.012; K2 = -0.021), udder (K1 = -0.212; K2 = -0.231) and the final score (K1 = -0.028; K2 = -0.023). Animals of Ukrainian brown dairy breed were closer to the peers of brown Swiss cattle by both group traits (K1 = 0.202; K2 = 0.268) and by the final score (K1 = 0.219; K2 = 0.279). The consolidation coefficients of brown Swiss cows by group traits are (K1 = 0.274; K2 = 0.362), and by the final estimate (K1 = 0.304; K2 = 0.322). In a comparative analysis of the level of phenotypic consolidation coefficients of descriptive traits of the type was determined that of the evaluated breeds significant advantage by the phenotypic consolidation of these traits have animals of brown Swiss breed. The most consolidated firstborn cows of this breed for important descriptive traits of angularity (K1 = 0.362; K2 = 0.375), rear width (K1 = 0.293; K2 = 0.306, attachment of front (K1 = 0.289; K2 = 0.309) and rear ( K1 = 0.225; K2 = 0.229) udder parts, central ligament expression (K1 = 0.333; K2 = 0.371), udder depth (K1 = 0.296; K2 = 0.312), placement (K1 = 0.286; K2 = 0.303) and teats length (K1 = 0.321; K2 = 0.313) and locomotion (K1 = 0.304; K2 = 0.333). The determined hereditary influence of breed on the degree of phenotypic consolidation of the majority of linear traits testifies to the possibility of effective breeding of dairy cattle by type with intensive use of purebred sires of brown Swiss breed with high score by the linear classification of type of their daughters.

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