scholarly journals Formation of the phytocenosis and productivity of sainfoin-cereal grass mixtures depending on the species sowing methods and spatial arrangement in conditions of the right bank forrest-steppe of Ukraine

1970 ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
K.P. Kovtun ◽  
Yu. A. Veklenko ◽  
V.A. Yashchuk
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Environmental Resources ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Right ◽  
Feed Unit

Purpose. Optimization study of the spatial arrangement of the components in binary legume-cereal grass mixtures by selecting a complementary composition of the phytocenosis, the method of sowing perennial grasses to create hayfields with sand sainfoin in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe natural zone of Ukraine. Successful placement of legumes and cereals in two-component mixtures significantly eliminates the negative interaction at different stages of ontogenesis, reduces interspecific competition for environmental resources, balances the structure of the phytocenosis, increases its productivity and prolongs the productive life of the sown hayfields. Methods. System analysis, field, laboratory, comparative calculation methods. Results. The field experiment investigated the influence of the spatial arrangement of sand sainfoin under various methods of sowing with medium wheatgrass, team wheatgrass, ryegrass and high ryegrass on the yield of dry matter, feed units, crude protein, metabolic energy and providing the feed unit with digestible protein. It is established that in comparison with the traditional row mixed method of sowing binary mixtures of sand sainfoin with different types of cereals the highest yield of dry matter, feed units, crude protein, metabolic energy (on average for three years) was obtained by cross and cross-row methods. The highest yield of crude protein and the supply of feed unit with digestible protein was obtained by cross-sowing method. Conclusions. The influence of spatial arrangement of sandy sainfoin and cereal grasses on the formation of phytocenosis and its forage productivity is substantiated. The prospects of cross and cross-row sowing methods of binary sainfoin-cereal grass mixtures are proved. This arrangement of legumes and cereals reduces interspecific competition for environmental resources, balances the structure of the phytocenosis, increases its productivity and the quality of the grass mass and prolongs the productive life of the sown hayfields.

scholarly journals Influence of the spatial distribution of components on the productivity of sainfoin-cereal grass mixtures under different sowing methods in the conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Kovtun ◽  
Y. A. Veklenko ◽  
V. A. Yashchuk ◽  
L. I. Bezvuhliak
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Environmental Resources ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
The Right

Purpose. To investigate optimization of the spatial distribution of the component in binary legume-cereal grass mixtures by selecting a complementary composition of the phytocenosis, method of planting perennial grasses to create hay grass stands with Onobrychis arenaria in the right-bank Forest-Steppe. Adequate selection of legume and cereal species in a double-component sowing significantly reduces negative interactions at different stages of ontogenesis, reduces interspecific competition for environmental resources, balances the structure of phytocenosis, increases its productivity and prolongs the productive longevity of sown hayfields. Methods. System analysis, field, seeded haymaking, laboratory, comparative. Results. In the field experiment of the Department of Field Fodder Crops, Hayfields and Pastures, the influence of the spatial distribution of Onobrychis arenaria under various methods of sowing with Bromus inermis, Bromus riparius, Festuca arundinacea and Phleum pratense on the yield of dry matter, feed units, metabolic energy, and supply of fodder protein with digestible grass protein of the grass mass (phytomass) of double-component sainfoin-cereal grass mixtures of hay use is studied. It is established that, compared with the conventional mixed method of sowing sainfoin with different types of cereal components, on average for three years of using grass stands, the highest yield of dry matter, feed units, and metabolic energy was obtained under cross and cross-row sowing methods. Conclusions. The influence of the spatial distribution of Onobrychis arenaria and cereal grasses on the formation of grass stands and the productivity of grass mass is substantiated. The prospects of cross and cross-row methods of sowing binary sainfoin-cereal grass mixtures are outlined. This placement of legume and cereal components contributed to a decrease in interspecific competition for environmental resources, balancing the structure of the phytocenosis, increasing its productivity and the quality of grass mass and prolonging the productive longevity of the seeded hayfield in conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe.

Milk productivity and quality of milk of cows of Black-and-White breed when feeding a balanced feed complex Felucen K 1–2

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
V. Minibaev ◽  
N. Gubaidullin
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Digestible Protein

The analysis of the literature data shows that there is not enough information on the enrichment of the ration of cows of Black-and-White breed with a balanced feed complex Felucen K 1–2 that has caused the relevance of our researches. The purpose of the research was to increase the productive qualities of cows Black-and-White breed when using different doses of the balanced feed complex Felucen K 1–2 in their ration. The studies have been carried out in the Southern Urals, the optimal dose of use of feed complex Felucen K 1–2 that enhance milk productivity of cows of Black-and-White breed. According to the scheme of the experiment cows of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups have been additionally fed to main ration 300 g, 350 and 400 g of the balanced feed complex Felucen K 1–2, consisting of vegetable protein and fat, easily fermentable carbohydrates, high-purity sodium chloride, macronutrients, trace elements, and vitamins. Animals of the 1st group have been served as control and complex Felucen have not been received. Studies have shown that cows of the 1st control group used less dry matter, EFU, metabolic energy, digestible protein, crude protein, crude fiber, and crude fat than their experimental herdmates. Thus, the superiority of cows of the experimental groups over the herdmates of the 1st control group in terms of EFU was 93,1–231,2 kg; metabolic energy – 933,7–2314,7 MJ; dry matter – 9,0–125,8; digestible protein – 8,9–29,7; crude protein – 4,6–18,3; crude fiber-13,1–48,4; crude fat – 11,6–21,0 kg. Animals of all experimental groups in comparison with the control group exceeded in terms of milk yield for 305 days of lactation by 435,2 kg or 6,60 % (P < 0,001); 814,4 kg or 12,34 % (P < 0,001); 684,1 kg or 10,37 % (P < 0,001); for 100 days of lactation – by 98,7 kg or 4,28 % (P < 0,001); 191,0 kg or 8,29 % (P < 0,001) and 167,8 kg or 7,28 % (p<0,001), respectively. The use of Felucen K 1–2 feed complex in the rations of lactating Black-and-White cows has shown its effectiveness, which has affected the feed consumption and effectiveness of their use, hematological indicators, the level of milk productivity and milk quality. From an economic point of view the dose of 350 g of balanced feed complex Felucen To 1–2 per animal per day is more reasonable.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF GRAIN-HAYLAGE FROM LUPIN, OAT AND SUDAN GRASS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Valentina Ruckaya ◽  
Alexander Sorokin ◽  
Elena Afonina ◽  
Natal'ya ZAYCEVA
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Sowing Period

The average data for 2018–2019 are presented for yield, dry matter content in grain-haylage mass, nutritional value of test grain-haylage samples produced from plant mass of white lupin, oat and Sudan grass from single and mixed cenosis of different sowing times. The grain-haylage mass was harvested in the phase of brilliantly ripening lupin bean, milky-waxy ripeness of oats and the end of flowering of the Sudan grass. It’s revealed that variants of the second sowing date — 2 decade of May — have the best yield of grain-haylage mass and its dry matter content. The yield of grain-haylage mass in the best variants of the second sowing period exceeded by 7–8 t/ha. According to the nutritional value of grain silage samples (the content of metabolic energy, crude protein, crude ash and carotene), the best results were obtained in most variants of the first sowing period. In content of the metabolic energy and crude protein of 1 kg of dry matter of grain-haylage, the best were variants of the single-species cenosis of lupine and its mixture with oats of the first sowing period. Variants of single-species sowing of lupine and Sudan grass were distinguished by the content of carotene.

Effects of Harvest Intervals on the Yield and Composition of 10 Forage Grasses

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-455
Author(s):  
A. Sotomayor-Ríos ◽  
F. J. Juliá ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Mineral Absorption ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Digitaria Eriantha ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

The effect of three harvest intervals (30, 45 and 60 days) on the yield, crude protein (CP), digestible protein (DP), and mineral (calcium, Ca; phosphorus, P; potassium, K; and magnesium, Mg) composition of 10 forage grasses was determined during a 1-year period at the Isabela Substation. The species studied included three Brachiarias, five Digitarias and two Cynodons. As the 30-day harvest interval, the dry matter yield (DMY) ranged from 25,859 to 19,041 pounds per acre per year. The highest DMY was obtained by Transvala digitgrass (Digitaria decumbens, PRPI. 6439) Stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis PRPI. 2341) had the highest CP and DP contents. The highest DMY at the 45-day interval was obtained by Transvala digitgrass, being significantly different (P < .05) from other grasses. The DMY ranged from 29,532 to 20,962 pounds per acre per year. Digitaria eriantha had the highest CP and DP contents. Stargrass had the highest DMY and CP at the 60-day harvest interval. The DMY ranged from 37,504 to 30,269 pounds per acre per year. Mean Ca and Mg contents in the grasses increased at the 45-day interval, with no Ca increase but a Mg decrease at 60 days. Mean P and K contents decreased as the harvest intervals increased. The yielding ability of the grasses was encouraging, especially in the Transvala digitgrass and Stargrass species. The CP and DP contents tended to vary as plants matured, suggesting that studies of mineral absorption and/or utilization of forage grasses by niminants should be undertaken.

scholarly journals Yield of green fodder of annual mixtures with participation of sudanese grass in conditions of Polisya

1970 ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
O.V. Vishnevska ◽  
O.V. Markina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Fertilization System ◽  
Feed Unit

Purpose. To study the features of the formation, growth, yield and nutritional value of mixtures involving Sudanese grass in the production of green fodder with different component composition and fertilization system. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical. Results. According to the results of the studies, it was found that the dominant component of cenoses, the Sudanese grass, forms the height of plants at the level of 87-151 cm, the components of the mixtures – 48,4-95,9 cm. The fertilization system contributed to the linear development of cenosis plants by 9-39% in Sudanese grass and 6-62% in the components of mixtures, compared with the control options. The results of the studies of the cenosis productivity with participation of Sudanese grass, which on the sod-podzolic soils of Polisya amounted to 16,2-44,8 t/ha of greenery, or 3,3-9,1 t/ha of dry weight, the efficiency of the fertilization system was up to 38%. The yield of nutrients was 2.54-7.64 t/ha of feed units and 0.47-1.41 t/ha of digestible protein, the fertilizer system increased the yield of nutrients by 6-72%. The feed unit is provided with digestible protein at the level of 168.7-200.6 g. It was found that the content of exchangeable energy in 1 kg of feed obtained from mixtures is 9.6-10.4 mJ. According to the competitiveness coefficient (K = 1.47-2.74), the optimal fertilization system for these cenoses was selected – N16Р16К16. Conclusions. In terms of productivity (16.2-44.8 t/ha of green, or 3.3-9.1 t/ha of dry, weight) and nutrition (168.7-200.6 g feed unit digestible protein availability, metabolic energy content – 9,6-10,4 mJ per 1 kg of feed), multicomponent cenoses with the participation of Sudanese grass for the production of green feed in the Polisya zone have been developed.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF MEDIC BINAR GRASS MIXTURE IN RELATION TO MINERAL NUTRITION

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
V. Iu. Listkov ◽  
A. F. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Impact

The research explores the relation between productivity of binary grass mixture and mineral nutrition. The hypothesis assumes that nutrient value of the same forage depends on mineral nutrition of forage grasses. According to purpose of research, the authors specified the task which is seen to analyze the impact of mineral fertilizers on productivity and nutrition of forage mass of binary grass mixture sown under the cover. The object of the research is a binary grass mixture based on alfalfa (Medicago + sainfoin). Sowing was carried out under the barley and Sinapis cover on two mineral backgrounds: control (without fertilizers) and fertilized. Fertilizers were applied the day before sowing. Crop yield and the quality of harvested mass were assessed in the appropriate period which was the stage of Medicago budding. Two-year industrial and economic experiment highlighted necessity and efficiency of sowing Medicago binar grass mixtures under Sinapis cover with 25% lower sowing rate and apply mineral fertilizers dosed as N23P60K60 in the forest-steppe of Novosibirsk region. This application contributed to the highest output of metabolic energy in dry matter (37 GJ/ha). The authors observed a positive tendency on harvesting from 1 ha of fodder units (2.14 tons), digestible protein (0.35 tons), as well as the yield of dry (3.58 tons) and green mass (13.7 tons). In this variant the authors observed the highest output of metabolic energy in dry matter (37 GJ/ha). There was a positive tendency to harvest fodder units (2.14 tons), digestible protein (0.35 tons) pro 1 ha and get dry (3.58 tons) and green mass (13.7 tons).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Commercial Animal Feed Quality and Manufacturing Status in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Negash Demissie
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Feed Quality

Animal production in Ethiopia is hindered by numerous constraints such as traditional subsistence production practice, Low producing genotypes and poor marketing linkages, poor economic status of farmers, poor nutrition and management amongst others. This study was undertaken in four regions of the country namely Oromia, Amhara, Tigray, South Nations, Nationalities and Peoples in selected towns and Addis Ababa city administration to assess compound feeds sector and evaluate the quality of compound feeds in Ethiopia. A total of 34 feed producers were surveyed, to provide an overview of the sector, while chemical analysis was used to assess the quality of 64 compound feeds which are categorized in to three (layer, milking cow, and beef feeds). Qualitative and quantitative survey methodology by using a structured questionnaire vs qualitative data was used for collection data. The feed samples were analyzed for chemical contents Dry Matter, Crude Protein, Crude Fiber, Moisture, Metabolisable Energy and Fat at Animal Products, Veterinary Drug and Feed quality Assessment Center laboratory. Compound feed production is dominated by poultry feed products (61%), while 27.2%, 8.4%, 3.2% are dairy, fattening and others respectively. Most of the feed companies operate below their installed capacity. Raw materials are sourced locally, and maize makes up around 39.5% of total tonnage from the companies ingredient. The Dry Matter content ranges between 88.28%-91.87%, 89.21%-91.99% and 89.61%-91.31% for lactating dairy cow, beef and layer poultry respectively. The Crude Protein content ranges between 10.91%-17.90%, 10.27-16.34% and 11.39-18.57% for layer beef and lactating dairy cow respectively. The metabolic energy value ranged between 1364-2746 Kcal/kg, 1092-2890 kcal/kg and 1703-2880 kcal/kg for layer, beef and lactating dairy cow respectively. Productions of Compound animal feed in Ethiopia have many challenges both by internal and external factors of the industry. So to produce quality feed more concern is necessary from government and feed industry owners.

scholarly journals Feed productivity of sainfoin in the conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
N. Y. Hetman ◽  
Y. A. Veklenko
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Year Of Life

The purpose of the research was to study the effect of planting time on the formation of productivity of Hungarian sainfoin when grown for green forage. Methods are field, laboratory, statistical, correlation and regression relationships. Research results. It is established that under uneven humidity and high temperature regime in the year of sowing, Hungarian sainfoin formed two yields under spring planting date and one yield under summer planting date. In the second and third years of growth, no significant effect of the planting date on the stages of organogenesis of Hungarian sainfoin was found, where the maturity of the herbage was reached simultaneously. Productivity of Hungarian sainfoin was only conditioned by hydrothermal conditions, where the yield of green mass averaged 45.9—49.6 t/ha with crude protein content of 1.58—1.73 t/ha. At the same time, the highest dry matter yield of 10.25 t/ha and crude protein of 1.73 t/ha was provided by agrophytocenosis when sown on April 12. The productivity index of Hungarian sainfoin in the first year of life was determined, where the highest indicator was obtained during the early spring sowing period (29.04) – 7.85 kg/ha of dry matter per 1 hour of light day, whereas for the recommended summer sowing period was 1.13 kg/ha, or 6.9 times lower. The correlation equation between dry matter output, duration of daylight and the sum of precipitation from full shoots to the beginning of flowering in the first year of life is described. It is found that with increase of precipitation by 1 mm the dry matter output increases by 1.53 % and there is a tendency increase with increasing the length of daylight by 1 minute. Conclusions. It has been established that on gray forest soils of the right-bank Forest-Steppe, over two years of intensive use of the grass stand, regardless of hydrothermal conditions, Hungarian saifoin provided a stable forage productivity when sown in spring. Thus, dry matter yield was 9.38—10.25 t/ha with crude protein content of 1.58—1.73 t/ha. In particular, as for summer planting date, July 20 appeared to be the most effective planting date, which provided dry matter yield of 9.78 t/ha with crude protein content of 1.61 t/ha.

scholarly journals Quality properties of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) silages

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Gülcan Demi̇roğlu Topçu ◽  
Şükrü Sezgi̇ Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Sunn Hemp

Maize is an ideal forage crop for ensilage because of its high levels of fermentable carbohydrates, although it is low in protein. Sunn hemp is a legume with a high crude protein content with potential to be used in combination with maize to provide a silage with a higher protein content. Different percentages of sunn hemp-maize mixtures of 80-20, 60-40, 40-60 and 20-80 respectively were compared to silages of sole maize and sunn hemp. In the laboratory study, DLG classifications (color, smell, structure, total score and quality class), silage loss (%), silage pH, dry matter content, flieg score, crude protein content, crude ash content, NDF, ADF, metabolic energy (MJ kg-1 DM), dry matter intake, percent digestible dry matter and relative feed value were determined at the end of 60 days ensilage. The crude protein contents of silages increased as the sunn hemp ratio in the mixtures increased. In addition, pure sunn hemp silage and mixtures, especially 80% sunn hemp mixed with 20% maize, were found suitable for silage and it was concluded that sunn hemp and sunn hemp-maize silage mixtures could be used in animal husbandry.

Cultivation of Sudan grass mixed with Australian winter pea in Cisbaikalia

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
В.А. Агафонов ◽  
Б.Е. Викторович
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Feed Unit

В статье представлены научные исследования, проведённые в условиях лесостепной зоны Прибайкалья, по изучению суданково-пелюшковых травостоев с целью определения наиболее высокой продуктивности, кормового достоинства и питательной ценности агроценозов. Исследования проводились на опытном поле Иркутского НИИСХ в 2018–2020 годах. В опыте изучались суданская трава в одновидовом посеве и её смеси с горохом полевым (пелюшкой) в разных соотношениях компонентов при скашивании травостоя в разные фазы вегетации растений. Установлено, что на продуктивность и качественные показатели агроценозов непосредственное влияние оказывали нормы высева компонентов и фазы вегетации растений непосредственно перед уборкой. Самые высокие показатели продуктивности в первом и втором укосах получены в варианте суданская трава 70% + пелюшка 50%. Данный вариант при позднем сроке уборки обеспечил сбор кормопротеиновых единиц и обменной энергии 5,3 т/га и 36,3 ГДж/га соответственно, что на 60,6 и 31,5% выше, чем при раннем сроке. За 3 года изучения смешанных посевов были определены оптимальные сроки скашивания травостоя, влияющие на качественные показатели зелёной массы. Наиболее высокое содержание переваримого протеина в 1 корм. ед. (144,2 г) получено при посеве суданской травы с пелюшкой с нормой высева компонентов 70:60% и первом сроке скашивания травостоя. Однако данный посев при первом сроке уборки по обеспеченности кормопротеиновыми единицами — важному показателю кормового достоинства — на 36,8% был ниже, чем при втором сроке скашивания. Питательная ценность зелёной массы определялась такими показателями, как сырой протеин, сырая клетчатка, сырая зола, сахар, энергия. Высокая обеспеченность корма по данным показателям получена в смеси суданской травы с пелюшкой при соотношении всхожих семян 70:60% в поздние фазы развития растений — соответственно 46,4, 70,4, 13,7, 17,4 г и 2,91 МДж. This article reports on ecosystems of Sudan grass and Australian winter pea in the forest-steppe of Cisbaikalia. The aim was to test their productivity, forage quality and nutritional value. The investigation took place at the Irkutsk Research Institute of Agriculture in 2018–2020. The experimental variants were Sudan grass monoculture and its mixtures with Australian winter pea of various ratios. Cutting occurred at different growing stages. Seeding rate and cutting time affected plant productivity and quality. Seeding 70% of Sudan grass with 50% of Australian winter pea resulted in high quality mass in the first and second cuts. This mixture yielded 5.3 t ha-1 and 36.3 GJ ha-1 of feed and protein units in the second cut exceeding the first one by 60.6 and 31.5%, respectively. Optimal cutting time was determined. Plant ratio of 70:60% (Sudan grass:Australian winter pea) provided the highest quantity of digestible protein in 1 feed unit (144.2 g) in the first cut. However, this mixture yielded 36.8% less feed and protein units in the first cut. Nutritional value was determined according to crude protein, crude fiber, crude ash, sugar and energy contents. These parameters amounted to 46.4, 70.4, 13.7, 17.4 g and 2.91 MJ, respectively, in the variant of Sudan grass-Australian winter pea (70:60%) in the second cut.

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