scholarly journals Yield of green fodder of annual mixtures with participation of sudanese grass in conditions of Polisya

1970 ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
O.V. Vishnevska ◽  
O.V. Markina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Fertilization System ◽  
Feed Unit

Purpose. To study the features of the formation, growth, yield and nutritional value of mixtures involving Sudanese grass in the production of green fodder with different component composition and fertilization system. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical. Results. According to the results of the studies, it was found that the dominant component of cenoses, the Sudanese grass, forms the height of plants at the level of 87-151 cm, the components of the mixtures – 48,4-95,9 cm. The fertilization system contributed to the linear development of cenosis plants by 9-39% in Sudanese grass and 6-62% in the components of mixtures, compared with the control options. The results of the studies of the cenosis productivity with participation of Sudanese grass, which on the sod-podzolic soils of Polisya amounted to 16,2-44,8 t/ha of greenery, or 3,3-9,1 t/ha of dry weight, the efficiency of the fertilization system was up to 38%. The yield of nutrients was 2.54-7.64 t/ha of feed units and 0.47-1.41 t/ha of digestible protein, the fertilizer system increased the yield of nutrients by 6-72%. The feed unit is provided with digestible protein at the level of 168.7-200.6 g. It was found that the content of exchangeable energy in 1 kg of feed obtained from mixtures is 9.6-10.4 mJ. According to the competitiveness coefficient (K = 1.47-2.74), the optimal fertilization system for these cenoses was selected – N16Р16К16. Conclusions. In terms of productivity (16.2-44.8 t/ha of green, or 3.3-9.1 t/ha of dry, weight) and nutrition (168.7-200.6 g feed unit digestible protein availability, metabolic energy content – 9,6-10,4 mJ per 1 kg of feed), multicomponent cenoses with the participation of Sudanese grass for the production of green feed in the Polisya zone have been developed.

scholarly journals Formation of the phytocenosis and productivity of sainfoin-cereal grass mixtures depending on the species sowing methods and spatial arrangement in conditions of the right bank forrest-steppe of Ukraine

1970 ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
K.P. Kovtun ◽  
Yu. A. Veklenko ◽  
V.A. Yashchuk
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Environmental Resources ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Right ◽  
Feed Unit

Purpose. Optimization study of the spatial arrangement of the components in binary legume-cereal grass mixtures by selecting a complementary composition of the phytocenosis, the method of sowing perennial grasses to create hayfields with sand sainfoin in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe natural zone of Ukraine. Successful placement of legumes and cereals in two-component mixtures significantly eliminates the negative interaction at different stages of ontogenesis, reduces interspecific competition for environmental resources, balances the structure of the phytocenosis, increases its productivity and prolongs the productive life of the sown hayfields. Methods. System analysis, field, laboratory, comparative calculation methods. Results. The field experiment investigated the influence of the spatial arrangement of sand sainfoin under various methods of sowing with medium wheatgrass, team wheatgrass, ryegrass and high ryegrass on the yield of dry matter, feed units, crude protein, metabolic energy and providing the feed unit with digestible protein. It is established that in comparison with the traditional row mixed method of sowing binary mixtures of sand sainfoin with different types of cereals the highest yield of dry matter, feed units, crude protein, metabolic energy (on average for three years) was obtained by cross and cross-row methods. The highest yield of crude protein and the supply of feed unit with digestible protein was obtained by cross-sowing method. Conclusions. The influence of spatial arrangement of sandy sainfoin and cereal grasses on the formation of phytocenosis and its forage productivity is substantiated. The prospects of cross and cross-row sowing methods of binary sainfoin-cereal grass mixtures are proved. This arrangement of legumes and cereals reduces interspecific competition for environmental resources, balances the structure of the phytocenosis, increases its productivity and the quality of the grass mass and prolongs the productive life of the sown hayfields.

scholarly journals Dynamics of energy and protein nutritional value of roughage in the Republic of Tatarstan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.O. Krupin ◽  
Sh.K. Shakirov ◽  
M.Sh. Tagirov ◽  
A.R. Khairullina ◽  
A.A. Askarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Republic

The aim of the research was to analyze the dynamics of the energy and protein nutritional value of hay from cereal and leguminous herbs produced in the Republic of Tatarstan in the period from 1993 to 2018. The results of analysis of 560 samples of hay from different agroclimatic zones of the republic are presented. It was found that in the dry matter of both cereal and leguminous hay, the content of metabolizable energy practically did not change. The average content of metabolic energy in 1 kg of dry matter of cereal hay was 7.92 MJ / kg. The average deviation from the norm was minus 2.62%. The average content of metabolizable energy in 1 kg of dry matter of legume hay was 9.65 MJ / kg, which is 21.84% higher than in cereal hay. The average excess of the norm for this indicator was 13.77%. The level of net energy of lactation in cereal hay remains unchanged throughout the study, and for legumes there is a slight tendency to increase this indicator. The average value of the net energy content of lactation in 1 kg of dry matter of cereal hay was 3.72 MJ / kg, which deviates from the norm by minus 23.95%. The average content of net energy of lactation in 1 kg of dry matter of legume hay was 4.51 MJ / kg, which is 21.24% higher than in cereal hay. The deviation from the norm for the entire studied period of time was minus 8.34%. In the period from 1993 to 2018, a tendency for an increase in the content of digestible protein in dry matter was established, more pronounced in legume hay. The average long-term content of digestible protein in 1 kg of dry matter of cereal hay was 62.64 g / kg, while in legume hay its content was 70.10% higher (106.55 g / kg). The average deviation of this indicator from the norm in cereal hay was 15.04%, and in legumes - 8.51%.

POTENTIAL PRODUCTIVITY ADAPTIVE AGROPHUTOCENOZIS ON SLOPING LANDS OF THE STEPPE TRANS-URALS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.А. Idrisov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protein C ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Maximum Productivity ◽  
Sloping Lands ◽  
Natural Herb

The correct construction of agrophytocenoses on the slopes of the steppe trans-Urals helped to create maximum productivity. In the arid climate, the most productive were the double mixtures of alfalfa with brittle sitnik, wheatgrass is syd, providing an average of 41.6 and 40.2 quintals per hectare (c/ha) of hay, 32.1 and 31.0 GJ/ha OE (exchange energy per hectare), 4.5 and 4.3 quintals per hectare of boiled protein (c/ha) over 5 years. Single-species steppe ecotypes, brittle sieve and wheatgrass sieve in productivity slightly gave way to double components, providing respectively hay- 32.2 and 37.2 cents per hectare, exchange energy 22.2 and 25.7 GJ/ha, digested protein 1.93 and 2.53 c/ha. The enrichment of agrophytocense by the legume component allowed to increase the metabolic energy content to the level of 32.1 and 31.0-GJ/ha, digested protein to 4.5 and 4.3 quintals per hectare, which is 14 times the nutritional value of the metabolic energy, the digested protein is 10 times higher than the natural herb.

Minimization of activated sludge production by chemically stimulated energy spilling

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.-H. Chen ◽  
H.-K. Mo ◽  
S. Saby ◽  
W.-k. Yip ◽  
Y. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Energy Spilling ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes ◽  
Sludge Production

Minimization of excess sludge production in activated sludge processes has been pursued around the world in order to meet stringent environmental regulations on sludge treatment and disposal. To achieve this goal, physical, chemical, and biological approaches have been proposed. In this paper, a chemical compound, 3,3′,4′,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS) was tested for enhancing microbial energy spilling of the sludgeso as to minimize its growth. In order to examine this, an exploratory study was conducted using both batch and continuous activated sludge cultures. Batch experiments with these two cultures were carried out at different initial concentrations of TCS. It has been confirmed that an addition of TCS is effective in reducing the production of both the sludge cultures, particularly the continuous culture where the observed growth yield was reduced by around 70%, when the initial TCS concentration was 0.8 ppm. Meanwhile, the substrate removal activity of this culture was found not to be affected at this TCS concentration. To further evaluate the TCS effect, a pure microbial culture of E. coli was employed. Batch experiment results with this culture implied that TCS might be able to reduce the cell density of E. coli drastically when an initial TCS concentration was greater than 0.12 ppm. It was also found that TCS was not toxic to this type of bacteria. Microscopic examinations with a 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining technique revealed that TCS neither affected the cell division nor altered the cell size of E. coli. However, both the cell ATP content and the cell dry weight were reduced significantly with the addition of TCS.

scholarly journals Sulfur application alleviates chromium stress in maize and wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1093-1104
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kulczycki ◽  
Elżbieta Sacała
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Cr Content ◽  
Chromium Stress

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the influence of increasing doses of chromium (Cr) (26, 39, and 52 mg kg−1 soil) and elemental sulfur (S) (60 mg kg−1 soil) on growth, yield, and mineral nutrition in wheat and maize. Macro- and micronutrients and Cr concentrations were determined in the aboveground parts of plants. All examined doses of Cr caused a marked decrease in the fresh and dry weight of maize. Wheat was more tolerant than maize, and lower Cr doses caused a small but statistically significant increase in the total yield. Wheat accumulated more than twofold Cr than maize, and the concentrations increased with higher Cr concentrations in the soil. The application of S significantly improved the total biomass production and lowered the Cr content in both plants. Cr changed the mineral nutrition in both cereals, but the pattern of changes observed was not the same. Applying S alleviated some adverse effects caused by the Cr. Hence, it is concluded that the application of elemental S may be an effective strategy to reduce adverse effects in plants grown on soil contaminated by heavy metals, especially Cr.

The Glucose, Insulin and Glutamine Requirements of Suspension Cultures of HeLa Cells in a Difined Culture Medium

1971 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-537
Author(s):  
G. J. BLAKER ◽  
J. R. BIRCH ◽  
S. J. PIRT
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Serum Supplement ◽  
Protamine Sulphate ◽  
Protamine Zinc Insulin ◽  
Maximum Cell

The serum supplement in a defined medium for the growth of HeLa cells could be replaced by protamine-zinc-insulin (0.2 u./ml). Insulin (0.4 u./ml) replaced the growth-stimulatory properties of protamine-zinc-insulin, whilst protamine sulphate (5 µg/ml) was found to be toxic to the cells. The addition of insulin to cultures depleted of insulin increased both cell growth rates and maximum cell populations. In the defined medium, HeLa cells could only utilize glutamate when a small amount of glutamine was included. Glucose, at a level of 2 mg/ml, was shown to limit maximum cell populations. The growth yield from glucose was 295 µg cell dry weight/mg glucose. When the medium glucose concentration was increased to 4 mg/ml, HeLa cell populations in excess of 16 x 105 cells (i.e. 640 µg dry weight)/ml were routinely achieved in the defined medium supplemented with insulin. Growth is then limited by the amino acid supply. Increasing the amino acid concentration of the medium by 50% raised the maximum cell population to 23.5x105 cells (i.e. 940 µg dry weight)/ml.

Productivity of forage grasses affected by microbial preparations in the Vologda region

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
А.В. Платонов ◽  
И.И. Рассохина ◽  
Л.В. Сухарева ◽  
Г.Ю. Лаптев ◽  
В.Н. Большаков
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Lactobacillus Buchneri ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Green Mass Yield ◽  
Feed Unit

Использование микробных препаратов — перспективный путь повышения продуктивности сельскохозяйственных растений. В статье приведены результаты изучения влияния биопрепаратов, созданных на основе живых штаммов микроорганизмов Bacillus subtilis («Натурост»), Lactobacillus buchneri («Натурост-Актив») и Bacillus megaterium («Натурост-М»), на продуктивность и питательную ценность райграса однолетнего и клеверо-тимофеечной смеси. Исследование проводили в мелкоделяночном полевом опыте во ФГБУН ВолНЦ РАН (Вологодская область) в 2019–2020 годах. Под влиянием обработки биопрепаратами выход зелёной массы райграса возрастал на 13,7–65,5% в зависимости от опытного варианта. Продуктивность травосмеси клевера и тимофеевки увеличилась на 13,1–46,6% в зависимости от используемого биопрепарата, укоса и года исследования. Оценка питательной ценности райграса показала, что обработка биопрепаратами способствовала повышению содержания кормовых единиц в сухом веществе на 6,5%, также несколько увеличилось содержание обменной энергии, сырого и переваримого протеина, сахаров и жиров. Питательная ценность клеверо-тимофеечной смеси по содержанию кормовых единиц под влиянием биопрепаратов увеличилась на 15%. В опытах с райграсом бόльшая продуктивность зелёной массы получена при использовании препарата «Натурост-Актив», в опытах с клеверо-тимофеечной смесью отмечена бόльшая эффективность препарата «Натурост». В исследованиях 2019 года повышение питательной ценности зелёной массы у обеих культур в большей степени происходило под влиянием препарата, созданного на основе бактерий Bacillus megaterium. В 2020 году более выраженное увеличение содержания кормовых единиц, обменной энергии, сырого протеина, переваримого протеина и жиров происходило при внесении препарата на основе бактерий Bacillus subtilis. Microbial preparations were shown to be promising when increasing crop productivity. This article reports on the effect of biopreparations containing living strains of Bacillus subtilis (“Naturost”), Lactobacillus buchneri (“Naturost-Aktiv”) and Bacillus megaterium (“Naturost-M”) on the yield and nutritional value of annual ryegrass and clover-timothy mixture. Microplot field trial took place in 2019–2020. Biopreparations improved green mass yield of ryegrass by 13.7–65.5%. The productivity of the clover-timothy mixture increased by 13.1–46.6% affected by biopreparations, cut and year. Treatment with biopreparations increased feed unit content by 6.5% in dry matter (DM) as well as exchange energy, crude and digestible protein, sugar and fat. Biopreparations improved feed unit content of the clover-timothy mixture by 15%. Ryegrass produced the highest yield of green mass under “Naturost-Aktiv” application, while “Naturost” was more effective for the clover-timothy mixture. In 2019 Bacillus megaterium had the best effect on the nutritional value of crop green mass. The contents of feed units, exchange energy, crude and digestible proteins as well as fat grew significantly after Bacillus subtilis application in 2020.

scholarly journals Effect of arsenic on Amaranthus gangeticus

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
MZ Hossain ◽  
Sushmita Dey ◽  
MS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Arsenic Contamination ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Groundwater Arsenic ◽  
Major Nutrients

Groundwater arsenic contamination has become a threat to the crop production potential in the soils of vast areas of Bangladesh. Situation is grave in some districts of the country, particularly the southern part. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of arsenic treated irrigation water (0, 1, 2, 5 and 10 mgL-1), where a total of ten (10) irrigations were provided thus the treatments received 0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 mg arsenic (As) pot-1. Effects of applied levels of arsenic on Amaranthus gangeticus (Lal shak) were evaluated in terms of the growth, yield, major nutrients’ content, and their translocation in the plant. As treatments significantly reduced (p≤0.05) the dry weight of shoot and root by 19.31% and 44.03% respectively. Both total and available concentrations of nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and sulfur (S) were significantly (p≤ 0.05) suppressed by the As treatments, while only higher three doses significantly (p≤ 0.05) affected both levels of concentrations of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). Translocation coefficients for soil to root for P, K, S, and Mg were significantly reduced (p≤ 0.05), while translocation coefficients for root to shoot were significantly increased (p≤ 0.05) for K and S by 5 and 10 mgL-1 of arsenic treatments.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 259-264, 2018

scholarly journals Compost enriched with ZnO and Zn-solubilising bacteria improves yield and Zn-fortification in flooded rice

2018 ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Zeb ◽  
Azhar Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Allah Ditta ◽  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Activity ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Flooded Rice

Zinc (Zn) is an essential element for humans, animals and plants, however, its deficiency has been widely reported around the world especially in flooded rice. Adequate amount of Zn is considered essential for optimum growth and development of rice. We hypothesised that management practices like Zn-mineral fertiliser, -compost, and -solubilising bacteria would improve Zn availability and uptake in flooded rice. A series of studies were conducted to find out the comparative efficacy of Zn-enriched composts (Zn-ECs) with Zn solubilising bacteria (ZnSB) vs. ZnSO4 for improved growth, yield and Zn accumulation in rice. There were six treatments viz. control, ZnSB, ZnO (80% Zn), ZnSO4 (33% Zn), Zn-EC80:20 and Zn-EC60:40. In all the treatments, Zn was applied at the rate of 5 kg ha–1 except the control. The treatment Zn-EC60:40 resulted in the maximum Zn release in soil as compared to ZnSO4 and all other treatments during incubation study. The treatment Zn-EC60:40 significantly improved root dry weight, grain yield and 100-grain weight of rice by 15, 22 and 28%, respectively as compared to ZnSO4. The same treatment resulted in the maximum increase in photosynthetic rate (11%), transpiration rate (21%), stomatal conductance (17%), chlorophyll contents (8%) and carbonic anhydrase activity (10%) while a decrease of 27% in electrolyte leakage was observed in comparison with ZnSO4 application. Moreover, the maximum increase in grain quality parameters and Zn bioaccumulation was observed with the application of Zn-EC60:40 in comparison with ZnSO4 application and all other treatments. We conclude that Zn-EC60:40 are not only an effective strategy to improve growth, physiology and yield parameters of rice, but also to improve the grain quality and Zn-bioaccumulation in rice compared to ZnSO4.

Saflufenacil Carryover Injury Varies among Rotational Crops

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Kristen E. McNaughton
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sugar Beet Plant ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Carrot Root ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Weight Yield

Trials were established in 2007, 2008, and 2009 in Ontario, Canada, to determine the effect of soil residues of saflufenacil on growth, yield, and quality of eight rotational crops planted 1 yr after application. In the year of establishment, saflufenacil was applied PRE to field corn at rates of 75, 100, and 200 g ai ha−1. Cabbage, carrot, cucumber, onion, pea, pepper, potato, and sugar beet were planted 1 yr later, maintained weed-free, and plant dry weight, yield, and quality measures of interest to processors for each crop were determined. Reductions in dry weight and yield of all grades of cucumber were determined at both the 100 and 200 g ha−1rates of saflufenacil. Plant dry weight, bulb number, and size and yield of onion were also reduced by saflufenacil at 100 and 200 g ha−1. Sugar beet plant dry weight and yield, but not sucrose content, were decreased by saflufenacil at 100 and 200 g ha−1. Cabbage plant dry weight, head size, and yield; carrot root weight and yield; and pepper dry weight, fruit number and size, and yield were only reduced in those treatments in which twice the field corn rate had been applied to simulate the effect of spray overlap in the previous year. Pea and potato were not negatively impacted by applications of saflufenacil in the year prior to planting. It is recommended that cabbage, carrot, cucumber, onion, pepper, and sugar beet not be planted the year after saflufenacil application at rates up to 200 g ha−1. Pea and potato can be safely planted the year following application of saflufenacil up to rates of 200 g ha−1.

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